一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She can devote all her life to pursuing her passion.
B、Her accumulated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.
C、She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.
D、Her research findings are widely acclaimed in the world.
解析：
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
1. Why does the woman say she can be so energetic?
解析：A。根据选项中出现的She或Her，以及选项关键词passion、goals、academic ideas和research findings，推测问题可能与女士的学术事业有关。题目中问到女士能够保持精力充沛的原因，对应的是录音开头男士提出的问题：Where do you get the energy?随后，女士给出了答案：“我只是热爱我所做的事而已。我很幸运能有这样的生活，做自己喜欢的事。”由此可知，女士精力充沛是因为她对事业的热爱。四个选项中，只有A项与“热爱”相关，其中的passion（热爱）与录音中的love相对应，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：C项中的weekly TV show和D项中的research在录音开头出现，但只是对女士以往工作的概括，B项中的expertise在录音中出现，但只是女士在讲教学对自己的帮助时所提到的，与题干问的energetic无关，这三项都是利用细节信息进行干扰，故均排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.
B、Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.
C、Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.
D、Science education and scientific research.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
2. What has the woman been engaged in?
解析：D。题目中问到女士一直以来的工作，女士在录音中回答，自己的工作可以分为两类：科学教育（education of science）和对科学的深入理解（further understanding of science）。随后，男士就该话题进一步提问，相当于复述了这两类工作，即教学工作（giving lectures）和科研实验（the lab）。D项与此内容对应，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音原词nuclear和Europe进行干扰，但录音开头说的是，女士是欧洲核能研究中心的高级顾问，这只是她工作的一部分，故排除。B项将录音中出现过的tour the globe和weekly TV show on science进行细节拼凑，但录音中说的是女士到世界各地做演讲，而非参加电视节目，故排除。C项将原文中的two groups（两类工作）曲解成了“两个小组”，故排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A better understanding of a subject.
B、A stronger will to meet challenges.
C、A broader knowledge of related fields.
D、A closer relationship with young people.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
3. What does the woman say about the benefit teaching brings to her?
解析：A。四个选项中均出现了形容词比较级，听音时需要注意录音中出现的比较级。题目问的是教学所带来的好处（benefit）。女士在录音中提到“教授一门学科有助于我更好地（better）理解它。”A项与此内容相符，其中的subject为原词复现，better understanding对应录音中的comprehend it better，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：C项利用录音中的furthers my own knowledge设置干扰，但录音中女士只说到教学会让她加深对这一学科的认知，并没有说会有一个更广泛的了解，broader一词在录音中没有依据，故排除C项。B项和D项在录音中均未提及，故排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、By applying the latest research methods.
B、By making full use of the existing data.
C、By building upon previous discoveries.
D、By utilizing more powerful computers.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
4. How does the woman say new scientific breakthroughs can be made possible?
解析：B。四个选项均为By doing的形式，推测问题可能会问到做某事的方式或手段。男士在录音结尾对新的科学突破进行提问。女士回答，不断会有新的发现，而目前我们已经存储了太多数据，却没人有时间去看一看。女士的言外之意是，人们没有利用好现有的科学数据，也就是说，如果能充分利用现有数据，可能会有更多的科学突破问世。B项中提到了making full use of（充分利用）和the existing data（现有数据），与录音中女士暗示的含义相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的“研究方法”未在录音中提及，故A项排除。录音中虽然提到了discovery和computer，但说的是“有新发现”和“电脑中存有数据”，并不等同于C项中的“之前的（发现）”以及D项中的“性能更强的（计算机）”，C项和D项利用细节进行干扰，故均可排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They can predict future events.
B、They have no special meanings.
C、They have cultural connotations.
D、They cannot be easily explained.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
5. What do both speakers think of dreams?
解析：B。题目中问到两位讲话者对于梦的看法。在录音开头，对于梦有特殊含义这个观点，两位讲话者都表示不认同，因此B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项“梦可以预测未来”是在古埃及、古希腊和古代中国时期出现的看法，后面提到女士的祖母也持这样的看法，但并不是两位讲话者的观点，而且两人觉得这种观点很迷信，故A项错误。C项在录音中未提及，故排除。录音后面提到，儿童的梦通常代表愿望，成人的梦则要复杂得多，D项与此内容相对应，但这是弗洛伊德的观点，并不是讲话者的观点，故排除D项。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It was canceled due to bad weather.
B、She overslept and missed the flight.
C、She dreamed of a plane crash.
D、It was postponed to the following day.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
6. Why didn’t the woman’s grandmother take her scheduled flight?
解析：C。四个选项均采用过去时态，人称代词She出现了两次，再结合选项关键词canceled、flight、plane、postponed，推测本题可能会问到过去发生的事情，且与某位女性乘坐的航班有关。录音前半部分，女士提到祖母因为梦到原定第二天乘坐的飞机会坠毁，就放弃乘坐那趟航班。C项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的bad weather在录音中未提及，故排除。录音中只提到了做梦，没有提到女士的祖母因为睡过头（overslept）而错过了航班，故B项排除。录音中虽然提到了the following day（第二天），但只是说女士的祖母没有坐第二天的飞机，并没有提到该航班是否延误，故D项排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They can be affected by people’s childhood experiences.
B、They may sometimes seem ridiculous to a rational mind.
C、They usually result from people’s unpleasant memories.
D、They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
7. What does the woman say about people’s emotions?
解析：D。在录音后半部分，女士提到：“情绪的力量还是可能会和理性思维的力量一样强”（emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking）。D项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只提到了孩童的梦境，没有提到童年经历，故排除A项。女士提到，尽管我们认为他们很荒唐（even if we think they are ridiculous），这里的they代指的是上文提到的“不理性的人”，而不是emotions（情绪），因此B项可排除。男士提到，一些心理学家认为梦境是当天情绪和记忆的产物，没有提到“不愉快的记忆”，而且这也不是女士的观点，故C项可排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They call for scientific methods to interpret.
B、They mirror their long-cherished wishes.
C、They reflect their complicated emotions.
D、They are often related to irrational feelings.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
8. What did psychologist Sigmund Freud say about adults’ dreams?
解析：C。在录音最后部分，男士说弗洛伊德认为，成人的梦要复杂得多，反映的是其更复杂的情感。C项与此内容相符，其中的reflect对应录音中的reflection，complicated emotions对应录音中的sophisticated sentiments，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音结尾虽然提到了scientific method和irrational feelings，但只是女士针对心理学的评论，并不是弗洛伊德的观点，故排除A项和D项。B项是关于孩童梦境的观点，而不是对成人梦境的解读，属于张冠李戴，故排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Radio waves.
B、Sound waves.
C、Robots.
D、Satellites.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9) [Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice.] Since then, they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? “The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing,” says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the earth may warm the hidden lake. (10) [The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years.] “Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of the earth,” says Siegert.
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. (11) [The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions.]
Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter’s moon, Europa, shows signs of water beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there too.
9. What did scientists first use to discover Lake Vostok in the 1970s?
解析：A。录音开头在讲到沃斯托克湖时，提到了两个与时间有关的词，一个是in the 1970s，另一个是Since then。根据录音内容，在20世纪70年代，科学家们通过无线电波（radio waves）发现了沃斯托克湖，此后又利用声波（sound waves）和卫星（satellites）来绘制这片水域。因此A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项和D项的干扰性较强，但时间点对应错误，声波和卫星是在发现沃斯托克湖之后才使用的，故排除。录音随后又提到，科学家想利用机器人（robots）来提取沃斯托克湖的水样，但那是未来可能的研究计划，故C项排除。解题的关键在于听准时间点和各种工具的对应关系。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier.
B、It may have micro-organisms living in it.
C、It may have certain rare minerals in it.
D、It may be as deep as four kilometres.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9) [Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice.] Since then, they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? “The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing,” says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the earth may warm the hidden lake. (10) [The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years.] “Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of the earth,” says Siegert.
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. (11) [The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions.]
Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter’s moon, Europa, shows signs of water beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there too.
10. What do scientists think about Lake Vostok?
解析：B。根据选项的关键词freezing、minerals、deep，推测问题可能与地理事物有关。录音中提到，科学家们猜想在沃斯托克湖中可能有微生物生存（micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok），B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中在提到glacier时指出，厚厚的冰川就像一块隔热毯，防止湖水结冰，A项的信息与此相反，故排除。C项中的rare minerals在原文中未提及，故排除。录音开头虽然提到了four kilometers，但说的是沃斯托克湖在冰盖下四公里处，而不是湖有四公里深，故排除D项。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Help understand life in freezing conditions.
B、Help find new sources of fresh water.
C、Provide information about other planets.
D、Shed light on possible life in outer space.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9) [Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice.] Since then, they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? “The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing,” says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the earth may warm the hidden lake. (10) [The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years.] “Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of the earth,” says Siegert.
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. (11) [The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions.]
Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter’s moon, Europa, shows signs of water beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there too.
11. What do the scientists hope their discoveries will do?11. What do the scientists hope their discoveries will do?
解析：D。录音后半部分讲到，科学家们希望机器人的发现能帮助探索外太空的生命，因为沃斯托克湖的环境黑暗且无空气，与外太空的环境相类似。D项与此内容相符，其中Shed light on...life in outer space为录音中的原词重现，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到了similar dark and airless conditions（类似的黑暗、无空气的环境），但这与freezing conditions（冰冻环境）不同，通过上文可知，沃斯托克湖面以下没有冻结，因此可以排除A项。录音中曾数次提到water，但并不是指新的淡水来源，故B项排除。录音最后提到木星的卫星木卫二（Jupiter’s moon），但说的是科学家要先用机器人探测沃斯托克湖，之后可能再用机器人去木卫二这颗卫星上寻找生命，并没有提到科学家希望机器人提供其他行星的相关信息，故C项可排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He found there had been little research on their language.
B、He was trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.
C、His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.
D、His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to learn more about the tribe.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
12. Why did James Copeland want to study the American Indian Tarahumaras?
解析：A。录音开头提到了科普兰研究Tarahumaras部落的原因：他发现人们对于该部落语言的研究极少（he discovered that very little research had been done on their language）。A项是对此内容的同义转述，其中little research和on their language属于录音中原词复现，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只提到科普兰想要研究塔拉乌马拉的语言，并未说研究的目的是保护这些印第安语言，B项中的trying to preserve属于过度推断，可排除。科普兰和社会工作者以及冈萨雷斯的交流虽有提及，但这是在科普兰萌生研究部落的想法之后所做的事，并不是产生该想法的起因，故可排除C项和D项。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language.
B、He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland’s gifts.
C、He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.
D、He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
13. How did Gonzalez help James Copeland?
解析：D。录音前半部分提到，冈萨雷斯同意帮忙。他把科普兰带到他的村子里，并当起了中间人的角色，D项与此内容相符，其中acted as an intermediary是对录音中served as an intermediary的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到了“语言”（languages）和“赠送礼物”（gives the goods to them），但“教授语言”（taught language）和“说服”（persuaded）在录音中并未体现，A项和B项是利用录音中的个别单词进行干扰，故均排除。C项中的one of his best friends在录音中未提及，故排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Unpredictable.
B、Unjustifiable.
C、Laborious.
D、Tedious.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
14. What does the speaker say about James Copeland’s trip to the Tarahumaras village?
解析：C。四个选项均为较难的形容词，推测本题很可能会用到视听一致原则。录音中提到，对科普兰来说，走进塔拉乌马拉人的世界是一项艰苦的工程（Entering the world of Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland）。其中laborious属于录音中的原词重现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音最后提到科普兰被村民之间的分享和关爱所触动，但并不能说明此次旅行是“不可预测的（unpredictable）”，A项过于牵强，故可排除。B项和D项在录音中都未提及，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.
B、Their sense of sharing and caring.
C、Their readiness to adapt to technology.
D、Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
15. What impresses James Copeland about the Tarahumaras tribe?
解析：B。录音结尾，科普兰在总结自身体会时说到，他从当地人的互相分享和彼此关心中（their sense of sharing and concern for each other）看到了许多美好。B项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到了冈萨雷斯对科普兰的帮助，也说到科普兰将一些不易获得的物品送给塔拉乌马拉人，之后说到当地人接受了这些物品并互相分享，但并没有提到当地人感激外来人的帮助，故A项可排除。录音中，科普兰提到当地人是排斥科技的（I see people rejecting technology），C项与此内容相反，故可排除。录音中只讲到当地人不主张积攒财富（don’t believe in accumulating wealth），没有提到他们为自己创造财富的观念，故D项可排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They tend to be silenced into submission.
B、They find it hard to defend themselves.
C、They will feel proud of being pioneers.
D、They will feel somewhat encouraged.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them. (16) [Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission,] thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society. Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women’s movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism. When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life, when faced with a threat of being labeled “radical”, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word. If people refused to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power. Without fear on which to feed, such stigmas can only die.
To me, (17) [a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm, what advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.] On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and therefore is not a constant entity. So why, then, is deviation from the present situation such a threat when this state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it, and preventing the rise of those who don’t.
In fact, when we look at the word “radical” in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time. Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals. Civil rights activists were radicals. Even the founders of our country, in the fight to win independence from England, were radicals. Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity, but undeniably, (18) [there would simply be no progress without radicals.] That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
16. What usually happens when people are accused of being radical?
解析：A。结合选项中的tend to、find it hard和will feel，推测本题可能与某些人/物对某事的反应有关。录音开头指出，人们都很怕被贴上“激进”的标签，并说到当个人或群体被指责为“激进”时，通常会噤声屈服（often serves to silence them into submission），A项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中在提到女性被贴上“激进分子”的标签时，说到她们会放弃自己有价值的事业，甚至不敢称自己为女权主义者（afraid to call themselves feminists），并没有提到要为自己辩护，故B项可排除。录音结尾虽然提到了pride，但说的是作者自己在被定义为“激进”时的态度，而不是大多数人的想法，故排除C项。录音中虽然数次提到“激进”的积极作用，但并没有鼓励人们“激进”，也没有提到过人们会因为被指责“激进”而觉得受到鼓励，故排除D项。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、One who advocates violence in effecting change.
B、One who craves for relentless transformations.
C、One who acts in the interests of the oppressed.
D、One who rebels against the existing social order.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them. (16) [Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission,] thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society. Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women’s movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism. When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life, when faced with a threat of being labeled “radical”, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word. If people refused to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power. Without fear on which to feed, such stigmas can only die.
To me, (17) [a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm, what advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.] On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and therefore is not a constant entity. So why, then, is deviation from the present situation such a threat when this state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it, and preventing the rise of those who don’t.
In fact, when we look at the word “radical” in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time. Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals. Civil rights activists were radicals. Even the founders of our country, in the fight to win independence from England, were radicals. Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity, but undeniably, (18) [there would simply be no progress without radicals.] That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
17. What is the speaker’s definition of a radical?
解析：D。四个选项都采用了One who...结构，推测本题涉及对某一类人的描述。录音的前半部分一直在讲人们对“激进分子”的刻板印象，随后讲话者提出了自己不同的看法。在录音中间部分，讲话者提出，在他看来，激进分子是那些反对常规、主张改变现状的人。D项与此内容相符，其中的rebels against属于原词复现，the existing social order是对录音中the existing state of affairs的同义转述，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到激进分子是影响变革的人（people who affect change），但并没有说他们提倡通过暴力实现变革，advocates violence属于无中生有，故A项可排除。B项中的relentless transformations在录音中出现，但这是对“威胁”（such a threat）的相关表述，并不是讲话者对“激进分子”的定义，故可排除B项。录音中提到女性会放弃她们有价值的事业，参与到对自身的压迫中（in their own oppression），但这一内容与讲话者对radicals的定义无关，C项利用oppressed进行细节拼凑，故可排除C项。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They tried to effect social change by force.
B、They disrupted the nation’s social stability.
C、They served as a driving force for progress.
D、They did more harm than good to humanity.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them. (16) [Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission,] thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society. Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women’s movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism. When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life, when faced with a threat of being labeled “radical”, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word. If people refused to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power. Without fear on which to feed, such stigmas can only die.
To me, (17) [a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm, what advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.] On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and therefore is not a constant entity. So why, then, is deviation from the present situation such a threat when this state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it, and preventing the rise of those who don’t.
In fact, when we look at the word “radical” in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time. Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals. Civil rights activists were radicals. Even the founders of our country, in the fight to win independence from England, were radicals. Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity, but undeniably, (18) [there would simply be no progress without radicals.] That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
18. What does the speaker think of most radicals in the American history?
解析：C。在录音后半部分，讲话者讨论了激进分子在美国历史上的作用。其中提到，历史上的很多英雄人物都曾经是他们那个年代的激进分子。在录音结尾还明确说到，没有激进分子就没有进步。C项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只说到激进分子是影响社会变革的人（affect change），但并没有提到过与“暴力”（force）相关的信息，故排除A项。录音中只提到了历史上的激进分子们主要通过原有权力平衡的更替（mainly by shifting the balance of power）来实现变革，并不等同于破坏社会稳定，故排除B项。录音结尾处提到，虽然也有一些激进分子对人类造成了负面影响，但不可否认的是，没有激进分子就没有进步，这说明讲话者意在肯定激进分子的积极意义，故D项错误。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate environment.
B、It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.
C、Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.
D、It is important for us to keep in touch with our own world.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [We are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us.] For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. (19) [None of us are immune to the influences of our own world] and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his 10-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “What’s the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you can’t beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city’s smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort.” “It may not be comfortable.” “I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. Fred may say, “I’m always broke, frequently depressed. I’m going nowhere and I never do anything exciting.” (20) [Then we discover that Fred’s best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting.] This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, (20) [if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, the first thing he’ll need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years. ]
It’s no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. (21) [Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons.] Traditionally, 9 out of 10 children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.
19. What does the speaker say about us as human beings?
解析：B。结合选项关键词immediate environment、outside influence、what happens around us，推测本题可能会涉及人和外在环境之间的关系。根据录音开头可知，我们很容易受到周围人的影响，后面也提到，没有人能不受自己所处世界的影响。B项中It is impossible for us是对原文中None of us的同义替换，immune（不受影响）为原词复现，outside influence为录音中the influences of our own world的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的immediate environment作干扰，但音频说的是我们会成为周围环境的一部分，ignore changes（忽略变化）在录音中没有依据，故A项排除。C项利用录音开头的around us进行干扰，但音频开头说的是我们很容易受到周围人的影响，并没有说很少有人能对周围发生的事情一无所知，录音中提到unaware是在说，我们人类通常察觉不到自己心理上的变化，并非察觉不到周围环境的变化，C项属于细节拼凑，故可排除。D项利用录音中出现的our own world进行干扰，但录音中说的是没有人能不受自己所处的世界影响，不等于“我们要和自己的世界保持联系”，D项属于过度推断，故排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Make up his mind to start all over again.
B、Stop making unfair judgments of others.
C、Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.
D、Recognise the negative impact of his coworkers.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [We are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us.] For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. (19) [None of us are immune to the influences of our own world] and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his 10-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “What’s the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you can’t beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city’s smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort.” “It may not be comfortable.” “I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. Fred may say, “I’m always broke, frequently depressed. I’m going nowhere and I never do anything exciting.” (20) [Then we discover that Fred’s best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting.] This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, (20) [if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, the first thing he’ll need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years. ]
It’s no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. (21) [Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons.] Traditionally, 9 out of 10 children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.
20. What does the speaker say Fred should do first to improve his quality of life?
解析：D。录音后半部分提到，如果弗雷德想要改善他的生活质量，他首先需要做的就是认清这些年来发生了什么。但是从该句中并不能直接得出答案，需要结合录音之前讲到的内容作出判断。录音前面提到，弗雷德最好的朋友总是会破产、经常沮丧、无处可去，并且总是指望着生活能变得更有趣，即弗雷德身边的人都现状不佳，录音中“他首先需要做的就是认清这些年来发生了什么”，指的就是他需要认识到周围人的不良现状给他带来的负面影响，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项内容在录音中未提及，可直接排除。B项利用录音后半部分出现的judgment进行干扰，但该句说的是我们不应该去评判弗雷德，没有提及弗雷德本人是否对他人作出了不公正的判断，故B项错误。C项利用exciting进行干扰，但录音说的是他的朋友希望生活能变得更加令人兴奋，虽然录音开头提到弗雷德的新工作，但这两者完全不相干，C项属于细节拼凑，故排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are quite susceptible to suicide.
B、They improve people’s quality of life.
C、They suffer a great deal from ill health.
D、They help people solve mental problems.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [We are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us.] For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. (19) [None of us are immune to the influences of our own world] and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his 10-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “What’s the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you can’t beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city’s smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort.” “It may not be comfortable.” “I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. Fred may say, “I’m always broke, frequently depressed. I’m going nowhere and I never do anything exciting.” (20) [Then we discover that Fred’s best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting.] This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, (20) [if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, the first thing he’ll need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years. ]
It’s no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. (21) [Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons.] Traditionally, 9 out of 10 children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.
21. What does the speaker say about psychiatrists?
解析：A。录音末尾提到，心理医生这一职业自杀率较高，A项中的suicide为录音中的原词复现，susceptible是录音中have a higher incidence的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的quality of life进行干扰，但音频中说的是“如果弗雷德想要改善他的生活质量（his quality of life）”，与心理医生无关，故B项错误。C项利用录音原词ill health进行干扰，但录音中说的是医生这一职业容易患上许多疾病，而且录音中提及的易患病对象是doctors而非psychiatrists，C项内容属于过度推断，故排除。D项内容在录音中没有提到，而且关于problems在录音中提到的是environmental problems（环境问题）而不是mental problems（心理问题），在做题时需注意对选项的判断应该基于录音本身，故D项排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Few people can identify its texture.
B、Few people can describe it precisely.
C、Its real value is open to interpretation.
D、Its importance is often overestimated.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
22. What does the speaker say about the American dollar bill?
解析：B。录音开头部分提到，许多人可以通过声音或纹理来鉴别美钞，但很少有人能真正准确地描述出它的特点。B项中的Few people和describe均为录音中的原词复现，precisely是对录音中accurately的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的can identify it by texture进行干扰，但音频说的是许多人（Many）都能辨认美钞的质地，而不是很少人（Few people），故排除A项。录音最后提到关于美元实际价值（true value）的争论仍在继续，但后面紧跟着说到美元价值就等于它的票面价值，也就是说美元价值是确定的，C项的is open to interpret与录音内容相悖，故排除。D项利用importance进行干扰，但录音中说的是尽管美元钞票很重要，但它实际上并不重，而且后面还进一步解释说500张钞票大约仅重1磅，所以这里指的是重量很轻，并不是说美钞不重要，故D项错误。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It has never seen any change.
B、It has much to do with color.
C、It is a well-protected government secret.
D、It is a subject of study by many forgers.
解析：
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
23. What does the speaker say about the exact composition of the American dollar bill?
解析：C。录音前半部分提到，纸和墨水的确切成分是政府机密，录音中的the exact composition对应题干中的问题，指的是paper and ink（纸和墨）的确切成分，C项中的government secret为原词复现，well-protected是录音中closely guarded的同义替换，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音开头说美元一面是用黑色墨水印刷，一面是用绿色墨水印刷，中间部分说到刚开始发行的绿色钞票，虽然颜色相同，但不能据此判断其成分从开始到现在没有任何变化，故A项可排除。B项利用color进行干扰，录音开头部分只说到，美元钞票的一面用黑色墨水印刷，另一面用绿色墨水印刷，这不能说明美钞的详细成分和颜色有很大关系，故B项错误。D项属于主观臆断，在录音中并无此相关内容，故排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、People had little faith in paper money.
B、They could last longer in circulation.
C、It predicted their value would increase.
D、They were more difficult to counterfeit.
解析：
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
24. Why did the new American government mint only coins for common currency?
解析：A。根据选项关键词paper money、circulation、value和counterfeit，推测本题可能与货币的流通、伪造或币值有关。录音中说到，由于对纸币缺乏信心，新成立的美国政府只铸造硬币作为流通货币。A项中的paper money为原词复现，little faith是对录音中lack of faith的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的circulation进行干扰，录音后半部分说到，政府始终稳定保持着约20亿张流通钞票的供应，但这说的是美钞现在的流通情况，与美国政府刚成立时只铸造硬币作为流通货币无关，故B项错误。C项利用value进行干扰，录音中说到，在签署美国宪法时，纸币的价值在不断下跌（decreasing），但这并不意味着硬币的价值会上涨，C项内容属于过度推断，故错误。D项中的counterfeit在录音中没有依据，故排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The stabilization of the dollar value.
B、The issuing of government securities.
C、A gold standard for American currency.
D、A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.
解析：
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
25. What have generations of American politicians argued for?
解析：C。录音末尾处提到，在美国历史上，一代又一代的政治家都赞成美国货币实行金本位制，题目中的generations of politicians和C项的A gold standard for American currency均为录音中的原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项利用录音原词dollar value进行干扰，录音末尾处提到，就目前而言，美元钞票的价值等同于其钞票面值，除此之外再无额外价值，这与历代美国政治家的观点无关，故A项排除。B项利用录音原词government securities进行干扰，但录音最后一句说的是，钞票价值的唯一其他担保，就是美联储以国债为抵押对美元进行信用担保，不是说美国政治家都赞成政府债券的发行，B项属于细节拼凑，故错误。D项利用录音原词steady进行干扰，但录音中说的是，政府始终稳定保持着约20亿张流通钞票的供应，appreciation（升值）一词在录音中无依据，故可排除D项。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
It was perhaps when my parents—who also happen to be my housemates—left to go travelling for a couple months recently that it (26)_____on me why I had not yet left the family home.
It wasn’t that I relied on them for (27) _____ reasons, or to keep my life in order, or to ease the chaos of the home. These days, I rely on them for their company.
I missed coming home and talking about my day at work, and I missed being able to read their faces and sense how their day was. I missed having unique (28)_____ into the tiny details that make a life.
While the conversation about young adults staying longer at home is (29)_____by talk of laziness, of dependence, of an inability for young people to pull themselves together, (30)_____do we talk of the way, in my case at least, my relationship with my parents has (31)_____strengthened the longer we have lived together.
Over the years the power dynamic has changed and is no longer defined by one being the giver and another, the taker. So, what does this say for our relationships within the family home?
According to psychologist Sabina Read, there are “some very positive possible (32)_____when adult children share the family home”, noting the “parent-child relationship may indeed strengthen and mature” in the process.
But, she notes, a strong (33)_____doesn’t simply come with time. “The many changing factors of the relationship need to be acknowledged, rather than hoping that the mere passage of time will (34)_____connect parents to their adult children. It’s important to acknowledge that the relationship parameters have changed to avoid falling back into (35)_____from the teen years.”
26、(1)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：
名词
bond 纽带；联系
hierarchy 等级制度；层次体系
insight 洞察力；领悟
leverage 影响力；杠杆作用
outcomes (-s) 结果；效果
patterns (-s) 模式；范例
stereotypes (-s) 刻板印象；成见
动词
bond 建立关系
contemplated (-ed) 考虑；思量
dawned (-ed) 开始；开始清楚
leverage 举债经营
patterns (-s) 构成图案；促成
saturated (-ed) 使浸透；使饱和
stereotypes (-s) 对……产生成见
形容词
legislative 立法的；有立法权的
logistical 后勤的；逻辑的
saturated 湿透的；饱和的
副词
magically 神奇地
rarely 罕见；很少
undoubtedly 无疑地；确实地
26. dawned
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为强调句型It was...that...中that后面的句子，空格前为it，空格后为on me，句子缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词。根据句意，在我父母去旅行了几个月的时间里，我____为什么我一直未曾离开家。之后又解释了具体的原因，综合前后句意可知，空格处应填入表示“明白；弄清楚”含义的动词，与此意义相关的只有contemplated和dawned，动词contemplate的主语必须是人，与it ____on me无法构成合理搭配，dawn on sb.为固定搭配，表示“开始明白，渐渐领悟”，因此选dawned.
27. logistical
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为介词for，空格后为名词reasons，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰后面的reasons，表明是什么样的原因。根据空格后面所说的“保持生活有条理，缓解家庭生活琐事的杂乱”，可以推断出原因应该是与家庭生活的后勤保障有关，选项中能够构成合理语义的形容词只有logistical，将其代入空格意为，“我依赖他们并不是出于后勤保障的原因，也不是为了保持家庭生活井井有条”，符合题意。
28. insight
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主语为I，谓语为missed，宾语为having...，其中宾语成分不完整，空格前为形容词unique，空格后为介词into，因此空格处应填入名词，作having的宾语成分。根据句意，我怀念那些回家后和父母讨论、感受他们的一天过得怎么样的日子，我怀念对微小细节的独特的____，选项中能够与into搭配构成合理语义的名词只有insight，代入空格表示“对微小细节的独特见解”，符合题意。
29. saturated
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主语为the conversation，about...at home为主语的后置定语，谓语为is ____，谓语成分是不完整的，空格后面为介词短语by...together，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词构成谓语。根据句意，人们在谈到年轻人在家里待得更久的话题时，____有关懒惰、不够独立、无法振作的言论，选项中能够与is ____ by搭配构成合理语义的只有saturated，代入空格表示“这一话题总是充斥着关于懒惰、依赖性和无法自立的言论”，符合题意。
30. rarely
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句中do we talk...属于部分倒装，因此空格处需要填入一个能够引起部分倒装的副词，选项中只有表示否定的副词rarely在句首时后面需要部分倒装，代入空格表示“我们很少以这种方式谈论”，符合题意。
31. undoubtedly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为has，空格后为strengthened，因此空格处应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据句意，前面说谈论到年轻人在家里待得更久总是与负面的言论联系在一起，后面强调作者自己的情况却不是如此，作者与父母的关系实际上变得更牢固了，因此空格处应填入一个加强语气的副词，凸显与前面情况的对比，选项中只有undoubtedly符合题意。
32. outcomes
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句为there be句型，空格前为形容词possible，空格后为when引导的状语从句，且句子中be动词为are，因此空格处应填入名词复数。根据句意，心理学家指出，当成年子女与父母住在一起时，能产生一些积极的____，结合后面的一句又提到这种父母子女的关系确实会牢固起来并变得成熟，因此空格处应填入表示“影响、效果”的词，选项中只有名词outcomes符合题意。
33. bond
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句缺少主语，空格前为a strong，因此空格处应填入名词单数。根据句意，前面说到住在一起确实会使父母与子女之间的关系牢固起来，接着用But说明后面的内容与前面是转折关系，一种强的____并不仅仅随着时间就会获得，可以推断前后所讨论的对象是一致的，即“关系”，选项中与此相关的只有bond，代入空格表示“一种牢固的纽带关系”，符合题意。
34. magically
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在的that从句中主干成分完整，空格前为will，空格后为动词connect，因此空格处应填入副词修饰谓语。两个副词选项中只有magically在语境中符合逻辑，代入空格表示“不能只寄希望于只依靠时间就可以将父母与子女神奇地联系在一起”，符合题意。
35. patterns
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在的不定式短语中，动词的宾语成分不完整，因此空格处需填入名词作falling back into的宾语。根据句意，为了避免再次陷入青少年时期的____，认识到关系参数已经发生改变是很重要的，名词选项中填入空格能构成合理语义是patterns，表示“青少年时期的关系模式”，符合题意。本题中比较有干扰性的是hierarchy，代入空格表示一种等级关系，用来说明父母子女的关系并不合适，故排除。
27、(2)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、patterns
B、stereotypes
C、undoubtedly
D、magically
E、hierarchy
F、contemplated
G、bond
H、leverage
I、logistical
J、rarely
K、legislative
L、insight
M、outcomes
N、saturated
O、dawned
解析：见上一题！
How Telemedicine Is Transforming Healthcare
【A】After years of big promises, telemedicine is finally living up to its potential. Driven by faster Internet connections, ubiquitous (无处不在的) smartphones and changing insurance standards, more health providers are turning to electronic communications to do their jobs—and it’s dramatically changing the delivery of healthcare.
【B】Doctors are linking up with patients by phone, email and webcam (网络摄像头). They’re also consulting with each other electronically—sometimes to make split-second decisions on heart attacks and strokes. Patients, meanwhile, are using new devices to relay their blood pressure, heart rate and other vital signs to their doctors so they can manage chronic conditions at home. Telemedicine also allows for better care in places where medical expertise is hard to come by. Five to 10 times a day, Doctors Without Borders relays questions about tough cases from its physicians in Niger, South Sudan and elsewhere to its network of 280 experts around the world, and back again via the Internet.
【C】As a measure of how rapidly telemedicine is spreading, consider: More than 15 million Americans received some kind of medical care remotely last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association, a trade group, which expects those numbers to grow by 30% this year.【D】None of this is to say that telemedicine has found its way into all corners of medicine. A recent survey of 500 tech-savvy (精通技术的) consumers found that 39% hadn’t heard of telemedicine, and of those who haven’t used it, 42% said they preferred in-person doctor visits. In a poll of 1,500 family physicians, only 15% had used it in their practices—but 90% said they would if it were appropriately reimbursed (补偿).
【E】What’s more, for all the rapid growth, significant questions and challenges remain. Rules defining and regulating telemedicine differ widely from state to state. Physicians groups are issuing different guidelines about what care they consider appropriate to deliver and in what form.
【F】Some critics also question whether the quality of care is keeping up with the rapid expansion of telemedicine. And there’s the question of what services physicians should be paid for: Insurance coverage varies from health plan to health plan, and a big federal plan covers only a narrow range of services. Telemedicine’s future will depend on how—and whether—regulators, providers, payers and patients can address these challenges. Here’s a closer look at some of these issues:
【G】Do patients trade quality for convenience? The fastest-growing services in telemedicine connect consumers with clinicians they’ve never met for a phone, video or email visit—on-demand, 24/7. Typically, these are for nonemergency issues such as colds, flu, ear-aches and skin rashes, and they cost around $45, compared with approximately $100 at a doctor’s office, $160 at an urgent-care clinic or $750 and up at an emergency room.
【H】Many health plans and employers have rushed to offer the services and promote them as a convenient way for plan members to get medical care without leaving home or work. Nearly three-quarters of large employers will offer virtual doctor visits as a benefit to employees this year, up from 48% last year. Web companies such as Teladoc and American Well are expected to host some 1.2 million such virtual doctor visits this year, up 20% from last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association.
【I】But critics worry that such services may be sacrificing quality for convenience. Consulting a random doctor patients will never meet, they say, further fragments the health-care system, and even minor issues such as upper respiratory (上呼吸道的) infections can’t be thoroughly evaluated by a doctor who can’t listen to your heart or feel your swollen glands. In a recent study, researchers posing as patients with skin problems sought help from 16 telemedicine sites—with unsettling results. In 62 encounters, fewer than one-third disclosed clinicians’ credential or let patients choose; only 32% discussed potential side effects of prescribed medications. Several sites misdiagnosed serious conditions, largely because they failed to ask basic follow-up questions, the researchers said. “Telemedicine holds enormous promise, but these sites are just not ready for prime time,” says Jack Resneck, the study’s lead author.
【J】The American Telemedicine Association and other organizations have started accreditation (鉴定) programs to identify top-quality telemedicine sites. The American Medical Association this month approved new ethical guidelines for telemedicine, calling for participating doctors to recognize the limitations of such services and ensure that they have sufficient information to make clinical recommendations.
【K】Who pays for the services? While employers and health plans have been eager to cover virtual urgent-care visits, insurers have been far less willing to pay for telemedicine when doctors use phone, email or video to consult with existing patients about continuing issues. “It’s very hard to get paid unless you physically see the patient,” says Peter Rasmussen, medical director of distance health at the Cleveland Clinic. Some 32 states have passed “parity” (等同的) laws requiring private insurers to reimburse doctors for services delivered remotely if the same service would be covered in person, though not necessarily at the same rate or frequency. Medicare lags further behind. The federal health plan for the elderly covers a small number of telemedicine services—only for beneficiaries in rural areas and only when the services are received in a hospital, doctor’s office or clinic.
【L】Bills to expand Medicare coverage of telemedicine have bipartisan (两党的) support in Congress. Opponents worry that such expansion would be costly for taxpayers, but advocates say it would save money in the long run.
【M】Experts say more hospitals are likely to invest in telemedicine systems as move away from fee-for-service payments and into managed-care-type contracts that give them a set fee to provide care for patients and allow them to keep any savings they achieve.
【N】Is the state-by-state regulatory system outdated? Historically, regulation of medicine has been left to individual states. But some industry members contend that having 50 different sets of rules, licensing fees and even definitions of “medical practice” makes less sense in the era of telemedicine and is hampering its growth. Currently, doctors must have a valid license in the state where the patient is located to provide medical care, which means virtual-visit companies can match users only with locally licensed clinicians. It also causes administrative hassles (麻烦) for world-class medical centers that attract patients from across the country. At the Mayo Clinic, doctors who treat out-of-state patients can follow up with them via phone, email or web chats when they return home, but they can only discuss conditions they treated in person. “If the patient wants to talk about a new problem, the doctor has to be licensed in that state to discuss it. If not, the patient should talk to his primary-care physician about it,” says Steve Ommen, who runs Mayo’s Connected Care program.
【O】To date, 17 states have joined a compact that will allow a doctor licensed in one member state to quickly obtain a license in another. While welcoming the move, some telemedicine advocates would prefer states to automatically honor one another’s licenses, as they do with drivers’ licenses. But states aren’t likely to surrender control of medical practice, and most are considering new regulations. This year, more than 200 telemedicine-related bills have been introduced in 42 states, many regarding what services Medicaid will cover and whether payers should reimburse for remote patient monitoring. “A lot of states are still trying to define telemedicine,” says Lisa Robbin, chief advocacy officer for the Federation of State Medical Boards.
36、36. An overwhelming majority of family physicians are willing to use telemedicine if they are duly paid.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：36. 绝大多数的家庭医生表示，如果报酬得当，他们愿意使用远程医疗。
