一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Magazine reporter.
B、Fashion designer.
C、Website designer.
D、Features editor.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) Today our guest is Rosie Mullender who works as a features editor for Fashion magazine. Hi Rosie, you’re a features editor at one of the most widely read women’s magazines in the U.K. What kind of responsibilities does that job entail?
W: We spend our days looking at ideas from journalists, writing copy for the magazine and website, and editing. We do random things like asking people in the street questions and testing sports clothing. We also do less tangible things like understanding what our readers want. It’s certainly varied and sometimes bizarre.
M: During your working day, what kind of work might you typically do?
W: (2) My day mainly incorporates responding to emails, writing and editing stories and coming up with new feature ideas.
M: How does the job of features editor differ from that of fashion editor or other editorial positions?
W: The features team deals with articles such as careers, reports, confidence and confessions—everything except fashion and beauty.
M: (3) A lot of people believe that working at a magazine is a glamorous job. Is this an accurate representation of what you do?
W: I’d say it’s glamorous to an extent, but not in the way it’s portrayed in films. We do have our moments, such as interviewing celebrities and attending parties, which is a huge thrill. Ultimately though, we’re the same as our readers, but working in a job we’re all very lucky to have.
M: Did you have to overcome any difficulties to reach this point in your career? How did you manage to do this?
W: (4) I had to be really persistent and it was very hard work. After three years of working in a petrol station and doing unpaid work, I still hadn’t managed to get an entry-level job. I was lucky that my last desperate attempt led to a job. I told myself that all experiences make you a better journalist in the long run—and luckily, I was right.
1. What is the woman’s profession?
解析：D。录音中一开头就指出，女士是《时尚》杂志的专题编辑，故选D。A项利用Magazine作干扰，但录音中说女士是一家杂志的编辑，并非记者，故排除A。B项利用Fashion作干扰，录音中说的是杂志的名字是Fashion，并非是时尚设计师，故排除。C项利用Website作干扰，录音中说到女士的工作会为网站撰稿，并不等于网页设计师，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Designing sports clothing.
B、Consulting fashion experts.
C、Answering daily emails.
D、Interviewing job-seekers.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) Today our guest is Rosie Mullender who works as a features editor for Fashion magazine. Hi Rosie, you’re a features editor at one of the most widely read women’s magazines in the U.K. What kind of responsibilities does that job entail?
W: We spend our days looking at ideas from journalists, writing copy for the magazine and website, and editing. We do random things like asking people in the street questions and testing sports clothing. We also do less tangible things like understanding what our readers want. It’s certainly varied and sometimes bizarre.
M: During your working day, what kind of work might you typically do?
W: (2) My day mainly incorporates responding to emails, writing and editing stories and coming up with new feature ideas.
M: How does the job of features editor differ from that of fashion editor or other editorial positions?
W: The features team deals with articles such as careers, reports, confidence and confessions—everything except fashion and beauty.
M: (3) A lot of people believe that working at a magazine is a glamorous job. Is this an accurate representation of what you do?
W: I’d say it’s glamorous to an extent, but not in the way it’s portrayed in films. We do have our moments, such as interviewing celebrities and attending parties, which is a huge thrill. Ultimately though, we’re the same as our readers, but working in a job we’re all very lucky to have.
M: Did you have to overcome any difficulties to reach this point in your career? How did you manage to do this?
W: (4) I had to be really persistent and it was very hard work. After three years of working in a petrol station and doing unpaid work, I still hadn’t managed to get an entry-level job. I was lucky that my last desperate attempt led to a job. I told myself that all experiences make you a better journalist in the long run—and luckily, I was right.
2. What is one of the woman’s main responsibilities?
解析：C。录音中，女士表示专题编辑会花时间浏览记者观点，为杂志和网站撰稿并进行编辑，接着男士又问到女士的日常工作，女士回答说日常工作包括回复邮件和编写故事，C项中的Answering为音频中responding的同义替换词，故选C。文中提到女士的工作有时会需要测评运动服饰，并不是设计，因此A错误。B项内容在录音并未提及，故排除。D项利用Interviewing设置干扰，但录音中说的是采访名人，并非求职者，故D项排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is challenging.
B、It is fascinating.
C、It is tiresome.
D、It is fashionable.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) Today our guest is Rosie Mullender who works as a features editor for Fashion magazine. Hi Rosie, you’re a features editor at one of the most widely read women’s magazines in the U.K. What kind of responsibilities does that job entail?
W: We spend our days looking at ideas from journalists, writing copy for the magazine and website, and editing. We do random things like asking people in the street questions and testing sports clothing. We also do less tangible things like understanding what our readers want. It’s certainly varied and sometimes bizarre.
M: During your working day, what kind of work might you typically do?
W: (2) My day mainly incorporates responding to emails, writing and editing stories and coming up with new feature ideas.
M: How does the job of features editor differ from that of fashion editor or other editorial positions?
W: The features team deals with articles such as careers, reports, confidence and confessions—everything except fashion and beauty.
M: (3) A lot of people believe that working at a magazine is a glamorous job. Is this an accurate representation of what you do?
W: I’d say it’s glamorous to an extent, but not in the way it’s portrayed in films. We do have our moments, such as interviewing celebrities and attending parties, which is a huge thrill. Ultimately though, we’re the same as our readers, but working in a job we’re all very lucky to have.
M: Did you have to overcome any difficulties to reach this point in your career? How did you manage to do this?
W: (4) I had to be really persistent and it was very hard work. After three years of working in a petrol station and doing unpaid work, I still hadn’t managed to get an entry-level job. I was lucky that my last desperate attempt led to a job. I told myself that all experiences make you a better journalist in the long run—and luckily, I was right.
3. What do many people think about the woman’s job?
解析：B。录音中男士提到，人们认为在杂志社工作是很光鲜的工作，B选项中的fascinating是文中glamorous的同义替换，故选B。录音中女士提到她的工作并不包含有关美与时尚的主题，因此D项错误。A与C项文中均未提及，故排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Her persistence.
B、Her experience.
C、Her competence.
D、Her confidence.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) Today our guest is Rosie Mullender who works as a features editor for Fashion magazine. Hi Rosie, you’re a features editor at one of the most widely read women’s magazines in the U.K. What kind of responsibilities does that job entail?
W: We spend our days looking at ideas from journalists, writing copy for the magazine and website, and editing. We do random things like asking people in the street questions and testing sports clothing. We also do less tangible things like understanding what our readers want. It’s certainly varied and sometimes bizarre.
M: During your working day, what kind of work might you typically do?
W: (2) My day mainly incorporates responding to emails, writing and editing stories and coming up with new feature ideas.
M: How does the job of features editor differ from that of fashion editor or other editorial positions?
W: The features team deals with articles such as careers, reports, confidence and confessions—everything except fashion and beauty.
M: (3) A lot of people believe that working at a magazine is a glamorous job. Is this an accurate representation of what you do?
W: I’d say it’s glamorous to an extent, but not in the way it’s portrayed in films. We do have our moments, such as interviewing celebrities and attending parties, which is a huge thrill. Ultimately though, we’re the same as our readers, but working in a job we’re all very lucky to have.
M: Did you have to overcome any difficulties to reach this point in your career? How did you manage to do this?
W: (4) I had to be really persistent and it was very hard work. After three years of working in a petrol station and doing unpaid work, I still hadn’t managed to get an entry-level job. I was lucky that my last desperate attempt led to a job. I told myself that all experiences make you a better journalist in the long run—and luckily, I was right.
4. What helped the woman to get her current position?
解析：A。录音中男士问女士获得现在的职位曾克服过什么困难，女士表示她靠的是坚持，故选A。B项利用experience设置干扰，但录音中说的是女士认为她的经历会帮她成为一名更好的新闻工作者，并不是说她的经历帮她获得了现在的职位，故排除B。C和D选项内容在文中没有提及，故排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is enjoyable.
B、It is educational.
C、It is divorced from real life.
D、It is adapted from a drama.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: Are you watching any good shows these days?
M: Actually, yes. (5) I’m watching a great satire called Frankie. I think you’d like it.
W: Really? What’s it about?
M: (5) It’s about a real guy named Frankie. He is a famous comedian in New York and shows a mixture of comedy and drama loosely depicting his life.
W: I’m sorry, do you mean to say it’s a real-life series about a real person? It’s non-fiction, is it?
M: No… Not really, no. It’s fiction, as what happens in every episode is made up. However, the lead role is a comedian by the name of Frankie, and he plays himself. So Frankie, in both real life and in the TV show, lives in New York City. He’s a comic, is divorced, and has two little daughters. All those things are true, but aside from him, all his friends and family are played by actors. And the plots and the events that take place are also invented.
W: Oh, I think I see now. That sounds like a very original concept.
M: Yes, it is. (6) In fact, the whole show is written, directed, edited and produced by him, (5) and is very funny and has won many awards.
W: That’s cool. (7) I would try to download it. I’m watching a comedy called The Big Bang Theory. It’s a huge hit around the world.
M: Oh yes. I’ve heard of it, but never actually watched it.
W: Well, then you should check it out. It’s also very funny. It’s about four male scientists and a female waitress. The men are very socially awkward but very bright. And this is contrasted by the lady’s social skills and common sense. (8) The show has been running for over ten years, and some of the actors are practically global super stars. Now that they are such famous celebrities.
5. What does the man think of the satire Frankie he recently watched?
解析：A。录音中，男士在一开始被问到最近是否在看什么不错的节目时，说到自己最近正在看“a great satire”, 也就是说男士认为《弗兰基》这部戏很不错，对其评价是积极的。录音后半部分也提到，男士认为这部作品非常有趣（very funny），故A项正确。录音中表明，该剧讲述的是弗兰基的真实生活，由弗兰基本人出演并设计故事情节，因此C项“脱离现实”和D项“由戏剧改编而来”均可排除。B项“有教育意义”录音中并未提到，故排除。因此选A。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、All the roles are played by famous actors and actresses.
B、It is based on the real-life experiences of some celebrities.
C、Its plots and events reveal a lot about Frankie’s actual life.
D、It is written, directed, edited and produced by Frankie himself.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: Are you watching any good shows these days?
M: Actually, yes. (5) I’m watching a great satire called Frankie. I think you’d like it.
W: Really? What’s it about?
M: (5) It’s about a real guy named Frankie. He is a famous comedian in New York and shows a mixture of comedy and drama loosely depicting his life.
W: I’m sorry, do you mean to say it’s a real-life series about a real person? It’s non-fiction, is it?
M: No… Not really, no. It’s fiction, as what happens in every episode is made up. However, the lead role is a comedian by the name of Frankie, and he plays himself. So Frankie, in both real life and in the TV show, lives in New York City. He’s a comic, is divorced, and has two little daughters. All those things are true, but aside from him, all his friends and family are played by actors. And the plots and the events that take place are also invented.
W: Oh, I think I see now. That sounds like a very original concept.
M: Yes, it is. (6) In fact, the whole show is written, directed, edited and produced by him, (5) and is very funny and has won many awards.
W: That’s cool. (7) I would try to download it. I’m watching a comedy called The Big Bang Theory. It’s a huge hit around the world.
M: Oh yes. I’ve heard of it, but never actually watched it.
W: Well, then you should check it out. It’s also very funny. It’s about four male scientists and a female waitress. The men are very socially awkward but very bright. And this is contrasted by the lady’s social skills and common sense. (8) The show has been running for over ten years, and some of the actors are practically global super stars. Now that they are such famous celebrities.
6. What does the man say is special about the satire Frankie?
解析：D。录音中明确提到，“the whole show is written, directed, edited and produced by him”，him指的是弗兰基本人，故D正确。录音中说到弗兰基出演他本人，其他角色由演员扮演，因此A项中说“all the roles”都由著名演员扮演，与此内容不符，故排除。录音中提到，弗兰基在剧中饰演自己，而所有情节和发生的事情都是虚构的，故B项中的real-life和C项中的actual life与录音内容相悖，均可排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Go to the theater and enjoy it.
B、Recommend it to her friends.
C、Watch it with the man.
D、Download and watch it.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: Are you watching any good shows these days?
M: Actually, yes. (5) I’m watching a great satire called Frankie. I think you’d like it.
W: Really? What’s it about?
M: (5) It’s about a real guy named Frankie. He is a famous comedian in New York and shows a mixture of comedy and drama loosely depicting his life.
W: I’m sorry, do you mean to say it’s a real-life series about a real person? It’s non-fiction, is it?
M: No… Not really, no. It’s fiction, as what happens in every episode is made up. However, the lead role is a comedian by the name of Frankie, and he plays himself. So Frankie, in both real life and in the TV show, lives in New York City. He’s a comic, is divorced, and has two little daughters. All those things are true, but aside from him, all his friends and family are played by actors. And the plots and the events that take place are also invented.
W: Oh, I think I see now. That sounds like a very original concept.
M: Yes, it is. (6) In fact, the whole show is written, directed, edited and produced by him, (5) and is very funny and has won many awards.
W: That’s cool. (7) I would try to download it. I’m watching a comedy called The Big Bang Theory. It’s a huge hit around the world.
M: Oh yes. I’ve heard of it, but never actually watched it.
W: Well, then you should check it out. It’s also very funny. It’s about four male scientists and a female waitress. The men are very socially awkward but very bright. And this is contrasted by the lady’s social skills and common sense. (8) The show has been running for over ten years, and some of the actors are practically global super stars. Now that they are such famous celebrities.
7. What does the woman say she is going to do with the satire Frankie?
解析：D。录音中女士明确表示“I would try to download it”，因此D符合题意，其余选项在录音中均未提到。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It has drawn criticisms from scientists.
B、It has been showing for over a decade.
C、It is a ridiculous piece of satire.
D、It is against common sense.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: Are you watching any good shows these days?
M: Actually, yes. (5) I’m watching a great satire called Frankie. I think you’d like it.
W: Really? What’s it about?
M: (5) It’s about a real guy named Frankie. He is a famous comedian in New York and shows a mixture of comedy and drama loosely depicting his life.
W: I’m sorry, do you mean to say it’s a real-life series about a real person? It’s non-fiction, is it?
M: No… Not really, no. It’s fiction, as what happens in every episode is made up. However, the lead role is a comedian by the name of Frankie, and he plays himself. So Frankie, in both real life and in the TV show, lives in New York City. He’s a comic, is divorced, and has two little daughters. All those things are true, but aside from him, all his friends and family are played by actors. And the plots and the events that take place are also invented.
W: Oh, I think I see now. That sounds like a very original concept.
M: Yes, it is. (6) In fact, the whole show is written, directed, edited and produced by him, (5) and is very funny and has won many awards.
W: That’s cool. (7) I would try to download it. I’m watching a comedy called The Big Bang Theory. It’s a huge hit around the world.
M: Oh yes. I’ve heard of it, but never actually watched it.
W: Well, then you should check it out. It’s also very funny. It’s about four male scientists and a female waitress. The men are very socially awkward but very bright. And this is contrasted by the lady’s social skills and common sense. (8) The show has been running for over ten years, and some of the actors are practically global super stars. Now that they are such famous celebrities.
8. What does the woman say about the comedy The Big Bang Theory?
解析：B。录音中提到《生活大爆炸》时，女士说她正在看这部喜剧，并提到“The show has been running for over ten years”，故B符合题意。A利用录音原词scientists设置干扰，但录音中提到《生活大爆炸》的四位男性角色都是科学家，但并未说该剧遭到科学家抨击，A错误。C利用录音原词satire设置干扰，录音中男士说《弗兰基》是一部讽刺作品，并没有说《生活大爆炸》是荒诞的讽刺作品，C错误。D利用录音原词common sense设置干扰，录音中说《生活大爆炸》的女主角生活常识丰富，并未提及该剧与常识相悖，D错误。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are likely to get injured when moving too fast.
B、They believe in team spirit for good performance.
C、They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt.
D、They have to learn how to avoid body contact.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Related to the “use it or lose it” law is the “keep moving” principle. We learned about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. (9) Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is standing still. Of course, you’ll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential message is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor. The same is true for airplanes. You don’t preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service. We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. (10) Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesn’t last very long after retirement. The more we’ll hear is “don’t retire”. If a fellow says “I’m 94 years old and I worked all my life”, we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. Isn’t the issue how old we think we are? (11) A bonus with the “keep moving” principle is that while we keep moving, we don’t have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.
9. What does the speaker say about players of contact sports?
解析：C。录音中指出，受伤最严重的运动员通常是那些站着不动的运动员，故C项正确。反之可以推出，通过不断移动则可以避免受伤，A项表述与此相反，故排除。这些运动员从事的是需要身体接触的体育项目，因此D项“需要学习如何避免身体接触”错误，故排除。B项在原文中没有提到，故排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They do not have many years to live after retirement.
B、They tend to live longer life with early retirement.
C、They do not start enjoying life until full retirement.
D、They keep themselves busy even after retirement.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Related to the “use it or lose it” law is the “keep moving” principle. We learned about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. (9) Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is standing still. Of course, you’ll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential message is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor. The same is true for airplanes. You don’t preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service. We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. (10) Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesn’t last very long after retirement. The more we’ll hear is “don’t retire”. If a fellow says “I’m 94 years old and I worked all my life”, we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. Isn’t the issue how old we think we are? (11) A bonus with the “keep moving” principle is that while we keep moving, we don’t have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.
10. What do longevity statistics reveal about the average person?
解析：A。录音中指出，人类寿命统计数据显示，退休后的人们不会活得太久，A项内容与此相符，故正确。B项与录音意思完全相反，故错误。C项内容录音中并未提及，故排除。录音中说到几位著名人物晚年时依然忙于工作，但这并不是普通人的生活，因此D项排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It prevents us from worrying.
B、It slows down our aging process.
C、It enables us to accomplish more in life.
D、It provides us with more chances to learn.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Related to the “use it or lose it” law is the “keep moving” principle. We learned about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. (9) Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is standing still. Of course, you’ll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential message is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor. The same is true for airplanes. You don’t preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service. We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. (10) Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesn’t last very long after retirement. The more we’ll hear is “don’t retire”. If a fellow says “I’m 94 years old and I worked all my life”, we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. Isn’t the issue how old we think we are? (11) A bonus with the “keep moving” principle is that while we keep moving, we don’t have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.
11. What bonus does the keep moving principle bring us according to the speaker?
解析：A。录音最后说到，“不断运动”使我们没有机会去担忧，因此A项正确。B、C选项录音中均未提及，故排除。D项利用chances和learn设置干扰，但录音中说的是要保持学习（keep learning）和担忧的机会（a chance to worry），并不是说这一原则能给我们提供更多学习的机会，D项属于细节拼凑，故排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It tends to dwell upon their joyous experiences.
B、It wanders for almost half of their waking time.
C、It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.
D、It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.
解析：
Passage 2
听力原文
In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! (12) By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.
Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. For one experiment, (13) researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found that the average person’s mind wandered most frequently, about 65% of the time, during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents’ minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.
How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. (14) Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for an everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. (15) When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40% better than the others.
12. What does the passage say about people’s mind?
解析：B。录音中明确表示，人们在一天中清醒的时候，有将近一半时间都是处于意识游离的状态，B项表述与此相符，因此选B。A项中的joyous experience并不等同于录音中提到的pleasant topics，因此A项排除。C项内容录音中并没有提到，故排除。录音中提到，被测试人员在心情沮丧的状态下比在心情愉悦的状态下更容易意识游离，他们更愿意去想令人开心的事情，说明好的情绪和坏的情绪都可以影响人的意识，不仅仅是坏情绪，因此D错误。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.
B、To observe how one’s mind affects one’s behavior.
C、To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.
D、To study the relation between health and daydreaming.
解析：
Passage 2
听力原文
In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! (12) By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.
Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. For one experiment, (13) researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found that the average person’s mind wandered most frequently, about 65% of the time, during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents’ minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.
How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. (14) Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for an everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. (15) When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40% better than the others.
13. For what purpose did the researchers develop the new app?
解析：A。录音中明确表示，在一项实验中，研究人员开发了一个软件，用来分析白日梦与幸福感之间的关系，故A项正确。B、C项在录音中均未提到，故排除。音频中说的是白日梦和幸福感之间的关系，并非和健康的关系，故排除D项。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It helps them make good decisions.
B、It helps them tap their potentials.
C、It contributes to their creativity.
D、It contributes to clear thinking.
解析：
Passage 2
听力原文
In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! (12) By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.
Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. For one experiment, (13) researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found that the average person’s mind wandered most frequently, about 65% of the time, during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents’ minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.
How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. (14) Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for an everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. (15) When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40% better than the others.
14. How does daydreaming benefit people according to some researchers?
解析：C。录音中指出，研究人员发现，白日梦给了我们思考目标的机会，还能提高我们的创造性，C项中的contribute to对应录音中的increase，故C正确。其余选项录音中均没有提到，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Subjects with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.
B、The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.
C、Non-daydreamers were more focused on their tasks than daydreamers.
D、Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.
解析：
Passage 2
听力原文
In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! (12) By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.
Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. For one experiment, (13) researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found that the average person’s mind wandered most frequently, about 65% of the time, during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents’ minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.
How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. (14) Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for an everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. (15) When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40% better than the others.
15. What was the finding of the experiment with 145 undergraduates?
解析：D。录音最后表示，当所有参与者都进入第二组任务时，“白日梦”组的表现比其他参与者有40%的提升，D项是对此内容的同义概述，故D正确。录音中没有提到A项中目标对表现的影响以及C项的集中精力的问题，故A、C项均可排除。B项与录音内容不符，故错误。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are the oldest buildings in Europe.
B、They are part of the Christian tradition.
C、They are renovated to attract tourists.
D、They are in worsening condition.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. These buildings offer vital insights into Scandinavia’s Viking past. (16) But now, with only 30 wooden churches remaining and their condition deteriorating, experts are working to preserve the structures for future generations.
Some of these spectacular churches are no more than small buildings, barely 4 meters wide and 6 meters tall. Others are much larger structures. They soar up to 40 meters into the cold air. (17) Most consist of timber frames that rest on stone blocks. This means that they have no foundations. Although many of the churches appear from the outside to be complex structures, they normally feature only a single storey but numerous different roof levels.
Staff from the Norwegian government have carried out conservation work on 10 of the churches over the past two years. Most of these churches date from between the 12th and 14th centuries. Other churches were conserved in previous years. So far, specialists have worked to add preservative materials to the churches’ exteriors. They also replaced rotting roots and halted the sinking of the churches into the ground.
In two cases, huge machines have been used to lift the buildings up to 30 centimeters into the air. This was accomplished so that the team could examine and repair the churches’ original medieval stone blocks. The team plans to return to around a dozen of the buildings to assess progress and consider further action.
The earliest free-standing wooden church was probably built in Norway in around 1080. However, the largest known wooden churches were built from the 1130s onwards. This period was one of inter-elite rivalry in which nobles sought to increase their influence by funding the construction of churches and other buildings.
(18) The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that ideally proportioned straight and slender timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia’s vast pine forests. As wood was so plentiful, it was cheaper to use than the stone used in the buildings of other European cultures.
The area’s ship-building tradition, partly established by the Vikings, also meant that sophisticated carpentry was a major aspect of the local culture. The complex style of the medieval wooden church carvings, and the skills used to make them, almost certainly derive from the ancient Viking tradition.
16. What does the speaker say about the Viking wooden churches?
解析：D。录音开头部分指出，保留下来的这些教堂状况越来越糟，D项中的worsening对应录音中的deteriorating，因此D项正确。录音中表示这些建筑是罕见的欧洲历史建筑，并没有表示是最古老的，故A项错误。录音中说到专家对一些教堂进行保护是为了后代而不是为吸引游客，C项排除。B项内容录音中没有提及，故排除。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have a history of 14 centuries.
B、They are 40 metres tall on average.
C、They are without foundations.
D、They consist of several storeys.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. These buildings offer vital insights into Scandinavia’s Viking past. (16) But now, with only 30 wooden churches remaining and their condition deteriorating, experts are working to preserve the structures for future generations.
Some of these spectacular churches are no more than small buildings, barely 4 meters wide and 6 meters tall. Others are much larger structures. They soar up to 40 meters into the cold air. (17) Most consist of timber frames that rest on stone blocks. This means that they have no foundations. Although many of the churches appear from the outside to be complex structures, they normally feature only a single storey but numerous different roof levels.
Staff from the Norwegian government have carried out conservation work on 10 of the churches over the past two years. Most of these churches date from between the 12th and 14th centuries. Other churches were conserved in previous years. So far, specialists have worked to add preservative materials to the churches’ exteriors. They also replaced rotting roots and halted the sinking of the churches into the ground.
In two cases, huge machines have been used to lift the buildings up to 30 centimeters into the air. This was accomplished so that the team could examine and repair the churches’ original medieval stone blocks. The team plans to return to around a dozen of the buildings to assess progress and consider further action.
The earliest free-standing wooden church was probably built in Norway in around 1080. However, the largest known wooden churches were built from the 1130s onwards. This period was one of inter-elite rivalry in which nobles sought to increase their influence by funding the construction of churches and other buildings.
(18) The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that ideally proportioned straight and slender timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia’s vast pine forests. As wood was so plentiful, it was cheaper to use than the stone used in the buildings of other European cultures.
The area’s ship-building tradition, partly established by the Vikings, also meant that sophisticated carpentry was a major aspect of the local culture. The complex style of the medieval wooden church carvings, and the skills used to make them, almost certainly derive from the ancient Viking tradition.
17. What is special about most of the Viking wooden churches?
解析：C。录音中提到，其中许多建筑都是由建在石头上的木质框架所构成的，这意味着它们没有地基，因此C项正确。录音中表明，大多数教堂建于12到14世纪之间，而不是说这些教堂有14个世纪的历史，故A项错误。根据录音，这些令人叹为观止的教堂中，有一些仅仅是4米宽6米长的小型建筑，而其余的建筑构造则相对较大，有的甚至可达40米高，可见这些建筑规模大小不一，并不是平均40米高，因此B项错误。录音中表明，尽管许多教堂从外面看起来十分复杂，但它们一般只有一层，只不过有很多层不同的房顶而已，因此D项错误。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Wood was harmonious with nature.
B、Wooden buildings kept the cold out.
C、Timber was abundant in Scandinavia.
D、The Vikings liked wooden structures.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. These buildings offer vital insights into Scandinavia’s Viking past. (16) But now, with only 30 wooden churches remaining and their condition deteriorating, experts are working to preserve the structures for future generations.
Some of these spectacular churches are no more than small buildings, barely 4 meters wide and 6 meters tall. Others are much larger structures. They soar up to 40 meters into the cold air. (17) Most consist of timber frames that rest on stone blocks. This means that they have no foundations. Although many of the churches appear from the outside to be complex structures, they normally feature only a single storey but numerous different roof levels.
Staff from the Norwegian government have carried out conservation work on 10 of the churches over the past two years. Most of these churches date from between the 12th and 14th centuries. Other churches were conserved in previous years. So far, specialists have worked to add preservative materials to the churches’ exteriors. They also replaced rotting roots and halted the sinking of the churches into the ground.
In two cases, huge machines have been used to lift the buildings up to 30 centimeters into the air. This was accomplished so that the team could examine and repair the churches’ original medieval stone blocks. The team plans to return to around a dozen of the buildings to assess progress and consider further action.
The earliest free-standing wooden church was probably built in Norway in around 1080. However, the largest known wooden churches were built from the 1130s onwards. This period was one of inter-elite rivalry in which nobles sought to increase their influence by funding the construction of churches and other buildings.
(18) The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that ideally proportioned straight and slender timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia’s vast pine forests. As wood was so plentiful, it was cheaper to use than the stone used in the buildings of other European cultures.
The area’s ship-building tradition, partly established by the Vikings, also meant that sophisticated carpentry was a major aspect of the local culture. The complex style of the medieval wooden church carvings, and the skills used to make them, almost certainly derive from the ancient Viking tradition.
18. Why were the Viking churches constructed from wood?
解析：C。录音中说到，用木材建造这些建筑的原因可能是，人们可以从斯堪的纳维亚广阔的针叶林中获得大量比例完美的笔直而细长的木材，C项是对此内容的概括，因此C项正确，其余选项在文中均未提及，故排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Similarities between human babies and baby animals.
B、Cognitive features of different newly born mammals.
C、Adults’ influence on children.
D、Abilities of human babies.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
In last week’s lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of several mammals. You probably remember that human infants are less developed physically than other mammals of the same age. (19) But in today’s lecture, we’ll look at three very interesting studies that hint at the surprising abilities of human babies.
In the first study, three-year-olds watch two videos shown side by side, each featuring a different researcher, one of whom they’d met once, two years earlier. The children spend longer watching the video showing the researcher they hadn’t met. This is consistent with young children’s usual tendency to look longer at things that aren’t familiar. And really this is amazing! It suggests the children remembered the researcher they’d met just one time when they were only one-year-olds. Of course, as most of us forget memories from our first few years as we grow older, these early long-term memories will likely be lost in subsequent years.
Our second study is about music. For this study researchers played music to babies through speakers located on either side of a human face. They waited until the babies got bored and inverted their gaze from the face. And then they changed the mood of the music—either from sad to happy, or the other way around. This mood switch made no difference to the three-month-olds, (20) but for the nine-month-olds, it was enough to renew their interest and they started looking again in the direction of the face. This suggests that babies of that age can tell the difference between a happy melody and a sad tune.
(21) Our final study is from 1980, but it’s still relevant today. In fact, it’s one of the most famous pieces of research about infant emotion ever published. The study involved ordinary adults watching video clips of babies nine-months or younger. In the video clips, the babies made various facial expressions in response to real life events, including playful interactions and painful ones. The adult observers were able to reliably discern an assortment of emotions on the babies’ faces. These emotions included interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, and fear.
Next week, we’ll be looking at this last study more closely. In fact, we will be viewing some of the video clips from that study. And together, see how well we do in discerning the babies’ emotions.
19. What are the three interesting studies about?
解析：D。录音开头表明，今天的讲座中将通过三个非常有趣的研究来展示人类婴儿的惊人能力，因此D正确。其他选项利用录音中出现的个别词进行信息拼凑，均可排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one.
B、They love happy melodies more than sad ones.
C、They fall asleep easily while listening to music.
D、They are already sensitive to beats and rhythms.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
In last week’s lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of several mammals. You probably remember that human infants are less developed physically than other mammals of the same age. (19) But in today’s lecture, we’ll look at three very interesting studies that hint at the surprising abilities of human babies.
In the first study, three-year-olds watch two videos shown side by side, each featuring a different researcher, one of whom they’d met once, two years earlier. The children spend longer watching the video showing the researcher they hadn’t met. This is consistent with young children’s usual tendency to look longer at things that aren’t familiar. And really this is amazing! It suggests the children remembered the researcher they’d met just one time when they were only one-year-olds. Of course, as most of us forget memories from our first few years as we grow older, these early long-term memories will likely be lost in subsequent years.
Our second study is about music. For this study researchers played music to babies through speakers located on either side of a human face. They waited until the babies got bored and inverted their gaze from the face. And then they changed the mood of the music—either from sad to happy, or the other way around. This mood switch made no difference to the three-month-olds, (20) but for the nine-month-olds, it was enough to renew their interest and they started looking again in the direction of the face. This suggests that babies of that age can tell the difference between a happy melody and a sad tune.
(21) Our final study is from 1980, but it’s still relevant today. In fact, it’s one of the most famous pieces of research about infant emotion ever published. The study involved ordinary adults watching video clips of babies nine-months or younger. In the video clips, the babies made various facial expressions in response to real life events, including playful interactions and painful ones. The adult observers were able to reliably discern an assortment of emotions on the babies’ faces. These emotions included interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, and fear.
Next week, we’ll be looking at this last study more closely. In fact, we will be viewing some of the video clips from that study. And together, see how well we do in discerning the babies’ emotions.
20. What does the second study find about nine-month-old babies?
解析：A。录音中提到，这个年龄段的婴儿可以分辨出快乐旋律和悲伤旋律的不同。再根据下文，这个年龄段指的是九个月大的婴儿，故A项正确，其他选项在录音中均没有提及，故排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Infants’ facial expressions.
B、Babies’ emotions.
C、Babies’ interaction with adults.
D、Infants’ behaviors.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
In last week’s lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of several mammals. You probably remember that human infants are less developed physically than other mammals of the same age. (19) But in today’s lecture, we’ll look at three very interesting studies that hint at the surprising abilities of human babies.
In the first study, three-year-olds watch two videos shown side by side, each featuring a different researcher, one of whom they’d met once, two years earlier. The children spend longer watching the video showing the researcher they hadn’t met. This is consistent with young children’s usual tendency to look longer at things that aren’t familiar. And really this is amazing! It suggests the children remembered the researcher they’d met just one time when they were only one-year-olds. Of course, as most of us forget memories from our first few years as we grow older, these early long-term memories will likely be lost in subsequent years.
Our second study is about music. For this study researchers played music to babies through speakers located on either side of a human face. They waited until the babies got bored and inverted their gaze from the face. And then they changed the mood of the music—either from sad to happy, or the other way around. This mood switch made no difference to the three-month-olds, (20) but for the nine-month-olds, it was enough to renew their interest and they started looking again in the direction of the face. This suggests that babies of that age can tell the difference between a happy melody and a sad tune.
(21) Our final study is from 1980, but it’s still relevant today. In fact, it’s one of the most famous pieces of research about infant emotion ever published. The study involved ordinary adults watching video clips of babies nine-months or younger. In the video clips, the babies made various facial expressions in response to real life events, including playful interactions and painful ones. The adult observers were able to reliably discern an assortment of emotions on the babies’ faces. These emotions included interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, and fear.
Next week, we’ll be looking at this last study more closely. In fact, we will be viewing some of the video clips from that study. And together, see how well we do in discerning the babies’ emotions.
21. What is the 1980 study about?
解析：B。录音中提到，最后是一项1980年的研究，但这项研究在今天仍然有借鉴意义，而在婴儿情绪研究领域，这是有史以来最著名的研究之一，也就是说这项研究是关于婴幼儿情绪的，故B项正确。A项利用facial expressions设置干扰，但录音中出现facial expressions是表示婴儿对各种事件作出反应时的面部表情，这是服务于研究主题的，并不是研究主题本身，故排除。C项利用interaction设置干扰，但原文说的是婴儿对playful interaction所作出的反应，并不是指与成人互动，故排除。D项内容在录音中未提及，故排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It may harm the culture of today’s workplace.
B、It may hinder individual career advancement.
C、It may result in unwillingness to take risks.
D、It may put too much pressure on team members.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Today I’d like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sought-after ability in nearly every position. (22) However, placing too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.
Don’t be overly focused on gaining consensus. Don’t be too concerned with the opinions of others. (22) This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills and strengths.
Some people are too subordinate to others’ opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they don’t have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of underconfident, submissive, low-impact non-leaders and hampers their growth and career advancement.
(23) Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify. Collaborative projects mean you’re sharing the spotlight with others. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine your contributions and strengths. This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises. You certainly shouldn’t ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards of being an over-collaborator?
Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition. (24) You then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.
Be selective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where there’s potential for mutual benefit. Perhaps you’re bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access to someone else’s professional network. Or maybe you’re able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity.
(25) When we’re too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with a decision before we proceed. This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus. It’s fine to be collaborative when seeking input, but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if it’s a decision that doesn’t have consensus.
22. What does the speaker say about being over collaborative?
解析：B。录音中提到过度合作会使人们给人留下不自信、没主见、缺乏影响力、不能胜任领导者的印象，这会妨碍他们的成长和职业发展，故B项正确。其余选项在录音中均未提到，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They can hardly give expression to their original views.
B、They can become less motivated to do projects of their own.
C、They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized.
D、They may eventually lose their confidence and creativity.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Today I’d like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sought-after ability in nearly every position. (22) However, placing too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.
Don’t be overly focused on gaining consensus. Don’t be too concerned with the opinions of others. (22) This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills and strengths.
Some people are too subordinate to others’ opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they don’t have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of underconfident, submissive, low-impact non-leaders and hampers their growth and career advancement.
(23) Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify. Collaborative projects mean you’re sharing the spotlight with others. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine your contributions and strengths. This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises. You certainly shouldn’t ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards of being an over-collaborator?
Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition. (24) You then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.
Be selective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where there’s potential for mutual benefit. Perhaps you’re bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access to someone else’s professional network. Or maybe you’re able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity.
(25) When we’re too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with a decision before we proceed. This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus. It’s fine to be collaborative when seeking input, but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if it’s a decision that doesn’t have consensus.
23. What does the speaker say about people engaged in collaborative projects?
解析：C。录音中表示，合作会使外界很难辨识出你的个人能力和贡献，C项中的recognized对应录音中的identify，因此C正确。A项利用their original view作干扰，但录音中说很少表达自己的观点是在“过度寻求达成共识”的情况下，并非是泛指参与合作的人，故排除。录音中说合作会使得个人努力与贡献不太容易被识别，并未指出人们会因此失去动力，B项属于过度推断，故排除。录音中表示过度合作会使人们缺乏自信，但并未表示会失去信心和创造力，故D错误。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They can enlarge their professional circle.
B、They can get chances to engage in research.
C、They can make the best use of their expertise.
D、They can complete the project more easily.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Today I’d like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sought-after ability in nearly every position. (22) However, placing too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.
Don’t be overly focused on gaining consensus. Don’t be too concerned with the opinions of others. (22) This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills and strengths.
Some people are too subordinate to others’ opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they don’t have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of underconfident, submissive, low-impact non-leaders and hampers their growth and career advancement.
(23) Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify. Collaborative projects mean you’re sharing the spotlight with others. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine your contributions and strengths. This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises. You certainly shouldn’t ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards of being an over-collaborator?
Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition. (24) You then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.
Be selective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where there’s potential for mutual benefit. Perhaps you’re bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access to someone else’s professional network. Or maybe you’re able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity.
(25) When we’re too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with a decision before we proceed. This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus. It’s fine to be collaborative when seeking input, but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if it’s a decision that doesn’t have consensus.
24. How do people benefit from working in a team?
解析：A。录音中表示，与单独工作相比，团队工作让你有更多的机会扩展你的职业圈子，因此A项正确。B、D选项内容录音中并未提到，故均可排除。C项利用expertise设置干扰，但录音中说的是与专业人士合作，并非是要利用自己的专业知识，因此C项排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It may cause lots of arguments in a team.
B、It may prevent making a timely decision.
C、It may give rise to a lot of unnecessary expenses.
D、It may deprive a team of business opportunities.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Today I’d like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sought-after ability in nearly every position. (22) However, placing too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.
Don’t be overly focused on gaining consensus. Don’t be too concerned with the opinions of others. (22) This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills and strengths.
Some people are too subordinate to others’ opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they don’t have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of underconfident, submissive, low-impact non-leaders and hampers their growth and career advancement.
(23) Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify. Collaborative projects mean you’re sharing the spotlight with others. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine your contributions and strengths. This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises. You certainly shouldn’t ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards of being an over-collaborator?
Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition. (24) You then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.
Be selective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where there’s potential for mutual benefit. Perhaps you’re bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access to someone else’s professional network. Or maybe you’re able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity.
(25) When we’re too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with a decision before we proceed. This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus. It’s fine to be collaborative when seeking input, but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if it’s a decision that doesn’t have consensus.
25. Why is it undesirable to spend too much time trying to reach consensus?
解析：B。录音中表示，当过度合作时，人们希望每个人都达成共识再继续进行下去。但通过会议的方式来寻求达成共识往往会造成不必要的拖延，B项内容是对这一后果的同义概述，故B项正确。A、C选项内容录音中没有提到，故排除。D项利用business opportunities设置干扰，但录音中出现的是opportunities for advancement，表达的是寻求团队与个人之间的平衡，获得晋升机会，并非D项所说的会使团队失去商业机会，故D项排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the (26)_____ effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that (27)_____ in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory (28)_____.
Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as (29)_____ by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge (30)_____—within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults (31)_____ to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory (32)_____ to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.
Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative (33)_____ of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed (34)_____. Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise (35)_____.
26、(1)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：
名词
similar 类似物
consequences (-s) 后果；影响
deficits (-s) 赤字；不足额
digestion 消化；领悟
loopholes (-s) 漏洞；枪眼
动词
assessed (-ed) 评定，估价
assigned (-ed) 分配，指派
designated (-ed) 指定，指派
excelling (-ing) 胜过，优于
indulging (-ing) 沉迷；纵容
形容词
designated 指定的，特指的
detrimental 有害的，不利的
redundant 多余的，过剩的
similar 相似的
副词
conspicuously 显著地，明显地
rapidly 迅速地，立即
regularly 有规律地，定期地
26. detrimental
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为定冠词the，后为名词，故空格处应该填入形容词修饰名词。空格所在句开头强调了更糟糕的情况，由此可以推断此处应该是不好的影响，只有detrimental（有害的）符合这一语境，将其代入空格意为，不健康的饮食和缺乏运动所产生的的有害影响，不仅仅作用于你的身体，符合题意。
27. indulging
解析：空格所在从句主语成分不完整，主语需由名词或代词，或者相当于名词或代词词性的成分充当，而空格后为介词短语in a high-fat and high-sugar diet，推测空格处为名词或动名词，与其后的介词短语共同构成句子主语。根据句意，____高脂、高糖饮食可能对大脑产生不良影响，能与“高脂、高糖饮食”搭配构成合理语义的只有选项indulging（沉迷，纵容），代入空格表示“沉溺于这种高脂高糖饮食……”，符合题意。
28. deficits
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，learning and memory和其后的空格部分一起作causing的宾语，因此空格处应填入名词。根据句子前面提到的negative effects可知，产生的是不好的影响，因此空格处应填入与“学习和记忆”有关的不好的问题或症状，只有deficits符合要求，将其代入空格意为“学习和记忆障碍”，符合题意。
29. assessed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前句子主干成分完整，空格所在部分是对前面句子进行补充说明，空格前面是as，后面接by，相当于由as引导省略be动词的定语从句，由此可推断出空格处应填入过去分词。空格后提到了一系列的学习和记忆测试，能与其搭配构成合理语义的只有assessed（评定，估价），将其代入空格意为，对一系列的学习和记忆测试的评估，符合题意。
30. rapidly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为不及物动词，推测空格处应填入副词修饰动词。根据句子后面提到的“几周甚至几天”可知，这种认知障碍出现地很快，与此明显对应的是rapidly（迅速地），将其代入空格意为，由饮食引起的认知障碍可能在几周甚至几天内很快出现，符合题意。
31. assigned
解析：空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为名词，空格后为介词，推测空格处所填单词与其后的介词短语共同作后置定语，对前面名词进行说明。根据后面的compared with a low-fat diet control group可知，此处的这组成年人应该与之形成对比，也就是说空格前的成年人应该是要连续五天摄入高脂肪食物，即这些高脂食物是实验中分配给这些成年人需要完成的任务，因此应填入assigned（分配，指派）。
32. similar
解析：空格所在句子主干成分完整，空格前面为名词，后面为介词，推测此处所填单词是与其后的介词部分共同作后置定语。根据空格前句意，另一项研究还发现，每天吃一顿高脂、高糖的早餐，仅仅4天，人们就会出现学习和记忆方面的问题。空格后又说到在超重和肥胖者身上发现的问题，根据空格前后的问题可知，是将两者进行对比，能形成对比关系并可以与to搭配的只有similar，将其代入空格中表示问题“类似”，符合题意。
33. consequences
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句位于show之后，是省略了引导词的宾语从句，该从句缺少主语成分，空格前为形容词negative，空格后为of，故空格处应填入名词或动名词做主语。根据前文，不良饮食产生的是负面的影响或问题，因此空格处应填入“影响，后果”一类的词，只有consequences（后果，结果）符合要求，代入句中符合题意。
34. conspicuously
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在从句主干成分完整，空格位于动词之后，推测应填入副词修饰动词。根据句意，饮食摄入不良可能产生负面影响，即使是体重没有变化____，选项中只有conspicuously代入句中能构成合理语义，表示即使体重没有“明显地”变化，符合题意。
35. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格位于动词后，推测应填入副词修饰动词。根据句意，体重并不总是健康与否的最佳指标，瘦的人仍然需要吃得好并且____锻炼，选项中副词只剩regularly，将其代入表示“定期”进行锻炼，符合题意。
27、(2)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、similar
B、conspicuously
C、consequences
D、designated
E、assessed
F、indulging
G、regularly
H、loopholes
I、detrimental
J、assigned
K、deficits
L、digestion
M、redundant
N、excelling
O、rapidly
解析：见上一题！
Increased Screen Time and Wellbeing Decline in Youth
【A】Have young people never had it so good? Or do they face more challenges than any previous generation? Our current era in the West is one of high wealth. This means minors enjoy material benefits and legal protections that would have been the envy of those living in the past. But there is an increasing suspicion that all is not well for our youth. And one of the most popular explanations, among some experts and the popular media, is that excessive “screen time” is to blame. (This refers to all the attention young people devote to their phones, tablets and laptops.) However, this is a contentious theory and such claims have been treated skeptically by some scholars based on their reading of the relevant data.
【B】Now a new study has provided another contribution to the debate, uncovering strong evidence that adolescent wellbeing in the United States really is experiencing a decline and arguing that the most likely cause is the electronic riches we have given them. The background to this is that from the 1960s into the early 2000s, measures of average wellbeing went up in the US. This was especially true for younger people. It reflected the fact that these decades saw a climb in general standards of living and avoidance of mass societal traumas like full-scale war or economic deprivation. However, the “screen time” hypothesis, advanced by researchers such as Jean Twenge, is that electronic devices and excessive time spent online may have reversed these trends in recent years, causing problems for young people’s psychological health.
【C】To investigate, Twenge and her colleagues dived into the “Monitoring the Future” dataset based on annual surveys of American school students from grades 8, 10, and 12 that started in 1991. In total, 1.1 million young people answered various questions related to their wellbeing. Twenge’s team’s analysis of the answers confirmed the earlier, well-established wellbeing climb, with scores rising across the 1990s, and into the later 2000s. This was found across measures like self-esteem, life satisfaction, happiness and satisfaction with individual domains like job, neighborhood, or friends. But around 2012 these measures started to decline. This continued through 2016, the most recent year for which data is available.
【D】Twenge and her colleagues wanted to understand why this change in average wellbeing occurred. However, it is very hard to demonstrate causes using non-experimental data such as this. In fact, when Twenge previously used this data to suggest a screen time effect, some commentators were quick to raise this problem. They argued that her causal-sounding claims rested on correlational data, and that she had not adequately accounted for other potential causal factors. This time around, Twenge and her team make a point of saying that they are not trying to establish causes as such, but that they are assessing the plausibility of potential causes.
【E】First, they explain that if a given variable is playing a role in affecting wellbeing, then we should expect any change in that variable to correlate with the observed changes in wellbeing. If not, it is not plausible that the variable is a causal factor. So the researchers looked at time spent in a number of activities that could plausibly be driving the wellbeing decline. Less sport, and fewer meetings with peers correlated with lower wellbeing, as did less time reading print media (newspapers) and, surprisingly, less time doing homework. (This last finding would appear to contradict another popular hypothesis that it is our burdening of students with assignments that is causing all the problems.) In addition, more TV watching and more electronic communication both correlated with lower wellbeing. All these effects held true for measures of happiness, life satisfaction and self-esteem, with the effects stronger in the 8th and 10th-graders.
【F】Next, Twenge’s team dug a little deeper into the data on screen time. They found that adolescents who spent a very small amount of time on digital devices—a couple of hours a week—had the highest wellbeing. Their wellbeing was even higher than those who never used such devices. However, higher doses of screen time were clearly associated with lower happiness. Those spending 10-19 hours per week on their devices were 41 percent more likely to be unhappy than lower-frequency users. Those who used such devices 40 hours a week or more (one in ten teenagers) were twice as likely to be unhappy. The data was slightly complicated by the fact that there was a tendency for kids who were social in the real world to also use more online communication, but by bracketing out different cases it became clear that the real-world sociality component correlated with greater wellbeing, whereas greater time on screens or online only correlated with poorer wellbeing.
【G】So far, so plausible. But the next question is, are the drops in average wellbeing happening at the same time as trends toward increased electronic device usage? It looks like it—after all, 2012 was the tipping point when more than half of Americans began owning smartphones. Twenge and her colleagues also found that across the key years of 2013-16, wellbeing was indeed lowest in years where adolescents spent more time online, on social media, and reading news online, and when more youth in the United States had smartphones. And in a second analysis, they found that where technology went, dips in wellbeing followed. For instance, years with a larger increase in online usage were followed by years with lower wellbeing, rather than the other way around. This does not prove causality, but is consistent with it. Meanwhile, TV use did not show this tracking. TV might make you less happy, but this is not what seems to be driving the recent declines in young people’s average happiness.
【H】A similar but reversed pattern was found for the activities associated with greater wellbeing. For example, years when people spent more time with friends were better years for wellbeing (and followed by better years). Sadly, the data also showed face-to-face socializing and sports activity had declined over the period covered by the survey.
【I】There is another explanation that Twenge and her colleagues wanted to address: the impact of the the great recession of 2007-2009, which hit a great number of American families and might be affecting adolescents. The dataset they used did not include economic data, so instead the researchers looked at whether the 2013-16 wellbeing decline was tracking economic indicators. They found some evidence that some crude measures, like income inequality, correlated with changes in wellbeing, but economic measures with a more direct impact, like family income and unemployment rates (which put families into difficulties), had no relationship with wellbeing. The researchers also note that the recession hit some years before we see the beginning of the wellbeing drop, and before the steepest wellbeing decline, which occurred in 2013.
【J】The researchers conclude that electronic communication was the only adolescent activity that increased at the same time psychological wellbeing declined. I suspect that some experts in the field will be keen to address alternative explanations, such as unassessed variables playing a role in the wellbeing decline. But the new work does go further than previous research and suggests that screen time should still be considered a potential barrier to young people’s flourishing.
36、
36. The year when most Americans began using smartphones was identified as a turning point in young Americans’ level of happiness.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
解析：36. 大多数美国人开始使用智能手机的那一年被看作是美国年轻人幸福水平的转折点。
