一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.
B、Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.
C、Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.
D、Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.
M: (1) I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean, I’ve seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and a few others, but I still don’t fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?
W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her. She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.
M: Why didn’t she stick to dancing as a career?
W: It seems it was fate. (2) She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body, so she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.
M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York City? You know, the scene—she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves. I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.
W: No, that one is Breakfast at Tiffany’s. That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, (3) even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.
M: So what did she do after her acting career?
W: She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. (4) Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That’s where I got the idea to volunteer for children’s charity next weekend.
M: I’ll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I’m all for supporting a good cause.
1. What does the man say he never really understood?
解析：A。对话第一回合中，男士表示自己一直不明白为什么会有这么多的女孩是奥黛丽·赫本的忠实粉丝。A选项中adored是对录音中big fans的转述，故为正确答案。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Her family’s suspension of financial aid.
B、Her shift of interest to performing arts.
C、Her unique personality.
D、Her physical condition.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.
M: (1) I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean, I’ve seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and a few others, but I still don’t fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?
W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her. She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.
M: Why didn’t she stick to dancing as a career?
W: It seems it was fate. (2) She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body, so she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.
M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York City? You know, the scene—she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves. I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.
W: No, that one is Breakfast at Tiffany’s. That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, (3) even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.
M: So what did she do after her acting career?
W: She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. (4) Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That’s where I got the idea to volunteer for children’s charity next weekend.
M: I’ll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I’m all for supporting a good cause.
2. What prevented Audrey Hepburn from becoming a professional dancer?
解析：D。对话第三回合中，女士解释道，奥黛丽·赫本在战争期间营养不良，而成为专业舞者会使她的身体负担太重，吃不消，所以转而专注于演戏。D选项是对录音内容的总结概括，故为正确答案。录音中女士说到奥黛丽·赫本是由于身体原因转向了演艺事业，并不是因为自身兴趣，故B选项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She was modest and hardworking.
B、She was easy-going on the whole.
C、She was not an outgoing person.
D、She was usually not very optimistic.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.
M: (1) I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean, I’ve seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and a few others, but I still don’t fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?
W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her. She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.
M: Why didn’t she stick to dancing as a career?
W: It seems it was fate. (2) She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body, so she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.
M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York City? You know, the scene—she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves. I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.
W: No, that one is Breakfast at Tiffany’s. That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, (3) even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.
M: So what did she do after her acting career?
W: She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. (4) Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That’s where I got the idea to volunteer for children’s charity next weekend.
M: I’ll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I’m all for supporting a good cause.
3. What do we learn about Audrey Hepburn in real life?
解析：C。在对话后半部分，女士表示在现实生活中，奥黛丽·赫本认为自己害羞又文静。C选项是对录音中shy and quiet的同义转述，故为正确答案。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She learned to volunteer when she was a child.
B、Her family benefited from other people’s help.
C、Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.
D、She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.
M: (1) I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean, I’ve seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and a few others, but I still don’t fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?
W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her. She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.
M: Why didn’t she stick to dancing as a career?
W: It seems it was fate. (2) She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body, so she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.
M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York City? You know, the scene—she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves. I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.
W: No, that one is Breakfast at Tiffany’s. That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, (3) even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.
M: So what did she do after her acting career?
W: She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. (4) Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That’s where I got the idea to volunteer for children’s charity next weekend.
M: I’ll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I’m all for supporting a good cause.
4. Why did Audrey Hepburn devote much of her life to charity after her acting career?
解析：B。对话最后女士指出，奥黛丽·赫本一家在战争期间受到了国际援助，这给她留下了深刻印象。B选项中benefited from other people’s help是对录音中received international aid的同义转述，故为正确答案。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Attend a board meeting.
B、Raise some questions.
C、Give a presentation.
D、Start a new company.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: So, (5) how is our presentation about the restructuring of the company coming along?
M: (5) Fine. I’m putting the finishing touches to it now, but we’ll have to be prepared for questions.
W: Yes, there’s already a feeling that this is a top-down change. We really need to get everyone on board.
M: Well, there’s been an extensive consultation period.
W: I know, but there’s always the feeling that if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it.
M: People are worried about their jobs, too. (6) I think we need to stress that while there will be some job changes, there won’t be anyone getting dismissed. In fact, we’re looking to take on more staff.
W: Agreed. You can hardly blame people for worrying though. We need to make it clear that it’s not just change for change’s sake. In other words, we really must make the case for why we are doing it. So what’s the outline of the presentation?
M: (7) I’ll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change that we really need to make a clean break to restart growth. After that I’ll outline the new company structures and who’s going where. Then I’ll hand it over to you to discuss the timeline and summarize, and we’ll take questions together at the end. Anything else?
W: Oh, yeah, we should let the staff know the channels of communication, you know, who they can contact or direct questions to about these changes?
M: Yes, and we can collect some frequently asked questions and present some general answers.
W: (8) Um, and we’ll make the presentation and the questions available via the company’s own computer network, right?
M: (8) Yes, we’ll make a page on the network, where staff can download all the details.
W: All right, perhaps we should do a practice run of the presentation first.
M: You bet.
5. What is the man going to do?
解析：C。对话一开始，女士询问男士关于公司重组的演讲报告进展如何，男士表示进展顺利，正在做最后的润色。可见，男士将要进行演讲，C选项中的presentation为原词复现，故为正确答案。B项利用questions作干扰，但录音中说的是要为可能会出现的问题做好准备，而非主动提出问题，故B项错误。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、No new staff will be hired.
B、No staff will be dismissed.
C、It will raise productivity.
D、It will cut production costs.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: So, (5) how is our presentation about the restructuring of the company coming along?
M: (5) Fine. I’m putting the finishing touches to it now, but we’ll have to be prepared for questions.
W: Yes, there’s already a feeling that this is a top-down change. We really need to get everyone on board.
M: Well, there’s been an extensive consultation period.
W: I know, but there’s always the feeling that if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it.
M: People are worried about their jobs, too. (6) I think we need to stress that while there will be some job changes, there won’t be anyone getting dismissed. In fact, we’re looking to take on more staff.
W: Agreed. You can hardly blame people for worrying though. We need to make it clear that it’s not just change for change’s sake. In other words, we really must make the case for why we are doing it. So what’s the outline of the presentation?
M: (7) I’ll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change that we really need to make a clean break to restart growth. After that I’ll outline the new company structures and who’s going where. Then I’ll hand it over to you to discuss the timeline and summarize, and we’ll take questions together at the end. Anything else?
W: Oh, yeah, we should let the staff know the channels of communication, you know, who they can contact or direct questions to about these changes?
M: Yes, and we can collect some frequently asked questions and present some general answers.
W: (8) Um, and we’ll make the presentation and the questions available via the company’s own computer network, right?
M: (8) Yes, we’ll make a page on the network, where staff can download all the details.
W: All right, perhaps we should do a practice run of the presentation first.
M: You bet.
6. What does the man say about the restructuring?
解析：B。对话中男士提到，重组时会有工作调整，但不会有人被解雇。B选项No staff will be dismissed是对录音中there won’t be anyone getting dismissed的同义转述，故为正确答案。录音中提到，他们正打算雇用更多的员工，A项与录音内容相悖，故错误。C、D两项在录音中未提及，故排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The communication channels.
B、The company’s new missions.
C、The timeline of restructuring.
D、The reasons for restructuring.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: So, (5) how is our presentation about the restructuring of the company coming along?
M: (5) Fine. I’m putting the finishing touches to it now, but we’ll have to be prepared for questions.
W: Yes, there’s already a feeling that this is a top-down change. We really need to get everyone on board.
M: Well, there’s been an extensive consultation period.
W: I know, but there’s always the feeling that if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it.
M: People are worried about their jobs, too. (6) I think we need to stress that while there will be some job changes, there won’t be anyone getting dismissed. In fact, we’re looking to take on more staff.
W: Agreed. You can hardly blame people for worrying though. We need to make it clear that it’s not just change for change’s sake. In other words, we really must make the case for why we are doing it. So what’s the outline of the presentation?
M: (7) I’ll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change that we really need to make a clean break to restart growth. After that I’ll outline the new company structures and who’s going where. Then I’ll hand it over to you to discuss the timeline and summarize, and we’ll take questions together at the end. Anything else?
W: Oh, yeah, we should let the staff know the channels of communication, you know, who they can contact or direct questions to about these changes?
M: Yes, and we can collect some frequently asked questions and present some general answers.
W: (8) Um, and we’ll make the presentation and the questions available via the company’s own computer network, right?
M: (8) Yes, we’ll make a page on the network, where staff can download all the details.
W: All right, perhaps we should do a practice run of the presentation first.
M: You bet.
7. What will the man explain first?
解析：D。对话中男士提到，自己将首先简要介绍公司变动的原因。D选项中reasons for restructuring是对录音中reasons for the change的同义转述，故为正确答案。A项的communication channels和C项的timeline在录音中都有提到，但这都不是男士首先介绍的内容，故错误。B项在录音中未提及，故排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、By visiting the company’s own computer network.
B、By exploring various channels of communication.
C、By emailing questions to the man or the woman.
D、By consulting their own department managers.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: So, (5) how is our presentation about the restructuring of the company coming along?
M: (5) Fine. I’m putting the finishing touches to it now, but we’ll have to be prepared for questions.
W: Yes, there’s already a feeling that this is a top-down change. We really need to get everyone on board.
M: Well, there’s been an extensive consultation period.
W: I know, but there’s always the feeling that if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it.
M: People are worried about their jobs, too. (6) I think we need to stress that while there will be some job changes, there won’t be anyone getting dismissed. In fact, we’re looking to take on more staff.
W: Agreed. You can hardly blame people for worrying though. We need to make it clear that it’s not just change for change’s sake. In other words, we really must make the case for why we are doing it. So what’s the outline of the presentation?
M: (7) I’ll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change that we really need to make a clean break to restart growth. After that I’ll outline the new company structures and who’s going where. Then I’ll hand it over to you to discuss the timeline and summarize, and we’ll take questions together at the end. Anything else?
W: Oh, yeah, we should let the staff know the channels of communication, you know, who they can contact or direct questions to about these changes?
M: Yes, and we can collect some frequently asked questions and present some general answers.
W: (8) Um, and we’ll make the presentation and the questions available via the company’s own computer network, right?
M: (8) Yes, we’ll make a page on the network, where staff can download all the details.
W: All right, perhaps we should do a practice run of the presentation first.
M: You bet.
8. How can the staff learn more about the company’s restructuring?
解析：A。对话结尾处，女士向男士确认演示文稿和常见问题是否可以在公司内部网络上获取，男士给予肯定，并解释说将在内部网络上建立一个页面，员工可以下载所有细节信息。A选项的the company’s own computer network为原词复现，故为正确答案。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.
B、It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.
C、It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.
D、It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Airline passengers have to deal with a lot these days, getting bumped from flights and losing luggage on top of the general anxiety that nervous passengers always feel. (9) At the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, miniature horses deliver a calming force two times a month. Denver and Ruby are two of the 34 therapy horses brought in from a local farm. They can usually be found in the ticket counter area interacting with travelers.
More than 30 airports across the country now have therapy dogs. San Francisco has a therapy pig. San Jose, California, began a dog program after the terrorist attacks of September 11th. Since its beginning, the program has now grown and has 21 therapy dogs and a therapy cat. The animals don’t get startled. They have had hundreds of hours of airport training, so they are used to having luggage and people crowding around them. (10) These professional animals are probably better at finding their way in the airports than the most frequent of travelers.
The passengers often say that seeing animals makes them feel much better and helps them to calm down before a flight. This little bit of support can sometimes make a big difference. (11) Some passengers enjoy the animals so much that they call the airport to schedule flights around their visits. Visits to nursing homes and schools are also a regular part of the horses’ schedule. Their owner is already working on a new idea for a therapy animal—donkeys.
9. What is special about the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport?
解析：B。录音中提到，辛辛那提-北肯塔基国际机场每月两次会用迷你马来舒缓乘客的情绪。这些马是从当地农场引进的治疗马。B选项中therapy animals是对录音中therapy horses的替换，soothe nervous passengers是对deliver a calming force的同义转述，故B项为正确答案。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Finding their way around.
B、Avoiding possible dangers.
C、Identifying drug smugglers.
D、Looking after sick passengers.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Airline passengers have to deal with a lot these days, getting bumped from flights and losing luggage on top of the general anxiety that nervous passengers always feel. (9) At the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, miniature horses deliver a calming force two times a month. Denver and Ruby are two of the 34 therapy horses brought in from a local farm. They can usually be found in the ticket counter area interacting with travelers.
More than 30 airports across the country now have therapy dogs. San Francisco has a therapy pig. San Jose, California, began a dog program after the terrorist attacks of September 11th. Since its beginning, the program has now grown and has 21 therapy dogs and a therapy cat. The animals don’t get startled. They have had hundreds of hours of airport training, so they are used to having luggage and people crowding around them. (10) These professional animals are probably better at finding their way in the airports than the most frequent of travelers.
The passengers often say that seeing animals makes them feel much better and helps them to calm down before a flight. This little bit of support can sometimes make a big difference. (11) Some passengers enjoy the animals so much that they call the airport to schedule flights around their visits. Visits to nursing homes and schools are also a regular part of the horses’ schedule. Their owner is already working on a new idea for a therapy animal—donkeys.
10. What are the trained animals probably capable of doing in an airport?
解析：A。录音中间部分提到，这些专业的动物可能比最常出行的旅客更善于在机场找到路。A选项为原词复现，故为正确答案。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Bring their pet animals on board their plane.
B、Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.
C、Schedule their flights around the animal visits.
D、Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Airline passengers have to deal with a lot these days, getting bumped from flights and losing luggage on top of the general anxiety that nervous passengers always feel. (9) At the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, miniature horses deliver a calming force two times a month. Denver and Ruby are two of the 34 therapy horses brought in from a local farm. They can usually be found in the ticket counter area interacting with travelers.
More than 30 airports across the country now have therapy dogs. San Francisco has a therapy pig. San Jose, California, began a dog program after the terrorist attacks of September 11th. Since its beginning, the program has now grown and has 21 therapy dogs and a therapy cat. The animals don’t get startled. They have had hundreds of hours of airport training, so they are used to having luggage and people crowding around them. (10) These professional animals are probably better at finding their way in the airports than the most frequent of travelers.
The passengers often say that seeing animals makes them feel much better and helps them to calm down before a flight. This little bit of support can sometimes make a big difference. (11) Some passengers enjoy the animals so much that they call the airport to schedule flights around their visits. Visits to nursing homes and schools are also a regular part of the horses’ schedule. Their owner is already working on a new idea for a therapy animal—donkeys.
11. What do some passengers try to do?
解析：C。录音结尾部分提到，一些乘客非常喜欢这些动物，以至于他们给机场打电话要把自己的航班安排在动物们到访时。C选项是对录音内容的复现，故为正确答案。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.
B、Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.
C、Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.
D、At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Hello, viewers. (12) Today I’m standing at a 2,000-year-old Roman era site. Here, the brightly colored scenes that once decorated a mansion are being dug up. These scenes are turning up in the southern French city of Arles, surprising the historians who have been working here since 2014. Patches of paint still cling to the stone walls of the bedroom and reception hall.
Some of these painted walls are preserved in places to a height of one meter. In addition, thousands of fragments that fell off the walls have been recovered. (13) These pieces have been put back together with great care and display a variety of images. Some of these images include figures never seen before in France, such as a woman playing a stringed instrument, possibly a character from mythology. (14) The paintings were done with such skill and with such expensive dyes that experts believed the artists originally came from Italy. They were likely hired by one of the city’s elite.
(15) Perhaps a Roman official wanted Pompeii-like interior to remind him of home. He was probably stationed in this provincial trading port founded in 46 B.C. as a colony for veterans of the Roman army. Or maybe a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication. The paintings may yield even more stunning surprises as additional sections are put together like pieces of a puzzle. Whoever it was that created such magnificent pieces of art, they surely had no idea that their work would still be around thousands of years later.
12. Where is the speaker standing?
解析：D。录音一开始，男士就表示自己站在一处有2000年历史的罗马时期的遗址上，接着指出这里原来是一处公馆。D选项中site、Roman和mansion均为原词复现，故为正确答案。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Various musical instruments.
B、A number of different images.
C、A number of mythological heroes.
D、Paintings by famous French artists.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Hello, viewers. (12) Today I’m standing at a 2,000-year-old Roman era site. Here, the brightly colored scenes that once decorated a mansion are being dug up. These scenes are turning up in the southern French city of Arles, surprising the historians who have been working here since 2014. Patches of paint still cling to the stone walls of the bedroom and reception hall.
Some of these painted walls are preserved in places to a height of one meter. In addition, thousands of fragments that fell off the walls have been recovered. (13) These pieces have been put back together with great care and display a variety of images. Some of these images include figures never seen before in France, such as a woman playing a stringed instrument, possibly a character from mythology. (14) The paintings were done with such skill and with such expensive dyes that experts believed the artists originally came from Italy. They were likely hired by one of the city’s elite.
(15) Perhaps a Roman official wanted Pompeii-like interior to remind him of home. He was probably stationed in this provincial trading port founded in 46 B.C. as a colony for veterans of the Roman army. Or maybe a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication. The paintings may yield even more stunning surprises as additional sections are put together like pieces of a puzzle. Whoever it was that created such magnificent pieces of art, they surely had no idea that their work would still be around thousands of years later.
13. What do the thousands of fragments display when they are put back together?
解析：B。录音中间部分指出，这些碎片被小心翼翼地重新拼接，展示出各种图像。B选项A number of different images是对录音中a variety of images的同义替换，故为正确答案。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The impressive skills and costly dyes.
B、The worldly sophistication displayed.
C、The originality and expertise shown.
D、The stunning images vividly depicted.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Hello, viewers. (12) Today I’m standing at a 2,000-year-old Roman era site. Here, the brightly colored scenes that once decorated a mansion are being dug up. These scenes are turning up in the southern French city of Arles, surprising the historians who have been working here since 2014. Patches of paint still cling to the stone walls of the bedroom and reception hall.
Some of these painted walls are preserved in places to a height of one meter. In addition, thousands of fragments that fell off the walls have been recovered. (13) These pieces have been put back together with great care and display a variety of images. Some of these images include figures never seen before in France, such as a woman playing a stringed instrument, possibly a character from mythology. (14) The paintings were done with such skill and with such expensive dyes that experts believed the artists originally came from Italy. They were likely hired by one of the city’s elite.
(15) Perhaps a Roman official wanted Pompeii-like interior to remind him of home. He was probably stationed in this provincial trading port founded in 46 B.C. as a colony for veterans of the Roman army. Or maybe a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication. The paintings may yield even more stunning surprises as additional sections are put together like pieces of a puzzle. Whoever it was that created such magnificent pieces of art, they surely had no idea that their work would still be around thousands of years later.
14. What makes experts think the paintings were done by artists from Italy?
解析：A。录音中指出，这些画的技艺高超，所用颜料很昂贵，因而专家们认为这些作画的艺术家来自意大利。A选项是对录音中with such skill, and with such expensive dyes的转述，故为正确答案。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He was a collector of antiques.
B、His artistic taste is superb.
C、His identity remains unclear.
D、He was a rich Italian merchant.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Hello, viewers. (12) Today I’m standing at a 2,000-year-old Roman era site. Here, the brightly colored scenes that once decorated a mansion are being dug up. These scenes are turning up in the southern French city of Arles, surprising the historians who have been working here since 2014. Patches of paint still cling to the stone walls of the bedroom and reception hall.
Some of these painted walls are preserved in places to a height of one meter. In addition, thousands of fragments that fell off the walls have been recovered. (13) These pieces have been put back together with great care and display a variety of images. Some of these images include figures never seen before in France, such as a woman playing a stringed instrument, possibly a character from mythology. (14) The paintings were done with such skill and with such expensive dyes that experts believed the artists originally came from Italy. They were likely hired by one of the city’s elite.
(15) Perhaps a Roman official wanted Pompeii-like interior to remind him of home. He was probably stationed in this provincial trading port founded in 46 B.C. as a colony for veterans of the Roman army. Or maybe a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication. The paintings may yield even more stunning surprises as additional sections are put together like pieces of a puzzle. Whoever it was that created such magnificent pieces of art, they surely had no idea that their work would still be around thousands of years later.
15. What do we learn from the passage about the owner of the mansion?
解析：C。录音中对公馆的主人进行了一系列猜测，他或许是罗马官员，也可能是当地富人，可见公馆主人的身份尚未确定，故C选项为正确答案。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They favor scientists from its member countries.
B、They place great emphasis on empirical studies.
C、They lay stress on basic scientific research.
D、They encourage international cooperation.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Good afternoon, class! Today I want to discuss with you a new approach to empirical research. In the past, scientists often worked alone. They were confined to the university or research center where they worked. Today, though, we are seeing mergers of some of the greatest scientific minds, regardless of their location. There has never been a better time for collaborations with foreign scientists. In fact, the European Union is taking the lead. (16) Spurred on by funding policies, half of European research articles had international co-authors in 2007. This is more than twice the level of two decades ago.
The European Union’s level of international co-authorship is about twice that of the United States, Japan and India. Even so, the levels in these countries are also rising. This is a sign of the continued allure of creating scientific coalitions across borders. András Schubert, a researcher at the Institute for Science Policy Research, says that the rising collaboration is partly out of necessity. This necessity comes with the rise of ‘big science’. (17) Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated. These new complications require the money and labor of many nations.
But he says collaborations have also emerged because of increased possibilities: the Internet allows like-minded scientists to find each other. Simultaneously, dramatic drops in communication costs ease long-distance interactions. And there’s a reward: studies of citation counts show that internationally co-authored papers have better visibility. Schubert says international collaboration is a way to spread ideas in wider and wider circles.
Caroline Wagner, a research scientist at George Washington University, notes that international collaborations offer additional flexibility. Whereas local collaborations sometimes persist past the point of usefulness because of social or academic obligations, international ones can be cultivated and dropped more freely.
The collaborative trend is true across scientific disciplines. Some fields, though, have a greater tendency for it. Particle physicists and astronomers collaborate often. This is because they must share expensive facilities. (18) Mathematicians, by contrast, tend historically towards solitude. As a consequence, they lag behind other disciplines. However, Wagner says partnerships are rising there too. The level of collaboration also varies from country to country. “There are historical and political reasons as to why collaborations emerge,” says Wagner. This rise is also apparently boosted by policies embedded in European framework funding schemes. These policies underlie funding requirements that often require teamwork.
16. What do we learn about the research funding policies in the European Union?
解析：D。录音指出，受资助政策的推动，2007年，欧洲半数的研究论文都有国际合作作者。由此可推断，欧盟的研究资助政策鼓励国际合作，D选项中的international cooperation是对原文中international co-authors的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Many of their projects have become complicated.
B、They believe that more hands will make light work.
C、They want to follow closely the international trend.
D、Many of them wish to win international recognition.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Good afternoon, class! Today I want to discuss with you a new approach to empirical research. In the past, scientists often worked alone. They were confined to the university or research center where they worked. Today, though, we are seeing mergers of some of the greatest scientific minds, regardless of their location. There has never been a better time for collaborations with foreign scientists. In fact, the European Union is taking the lead. (16) Spurred on by funding policies, half of European research articles had international co-authors in 2007. This is more than twice the level of two decades ago.
The European Union’s level of international co-authorship is about twice that of the United States, Japan and India. Even so, the levels in these countries are also rising. This is a sign of the continued allure of creating scientific coalitions across borders. András Schubert, a researcher at the Institute for Science Policy Research, says that the rising collaboration is partly out of necessity. This necessity comes with the rise of ‘big science’. (17) Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated. These new complications require the money and labor of many nations.
But he says collaborations have also emerged because of increased possibilities: the Internet allows like-minded scientists to find each other. Simultaneously, dramatic drops in communication costs ease long-distance interactions. And there’s a reward: studies of citation counts show that internationally co-authored papers have better visibility. Schubert says international collaboration is a way to spread ideas in wider and wider circles.
Caroline Wagner, a research scientist at George Washington University, notes that international collaborations offer additional flexibility. Whereas local collaborations sometimes persist past the point of usefulness because of social or academic obligations, international ones can be cultivated and dropped more freely.
The collaborative trend is true across scientific disciplines. Some fields, though, have a greater tendency for it. Particle physicists and astronomers collaborate often. This is because they must share expensive facilities. (18) Mathematicians, by contrast, tend historically towards solitude. As a consequence, they lag behind other disciplines. However, Wagner says partnerships are rising there too. The level of collaboration also varies from country to country. “There are historical and political reasons as to why collaborations emerge,” says Wagner. This rise is also apparently boosted by policies embedded in European framework funding schemes. These policies underlie funding requirements that often require teamwork.
17. Why do researchers today favor international collaboration?
解析：A。录音中间部分指出，很多科学尝试变得更加复杂，这种新的复杂情况需要很多国家的资金和劳动力。A选项中projects have become complicated是对录音中scientific endeavors have become more complicated的同义替换，故为正确答案。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It calls for more research funding to catch up.
B、It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.
C、It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.
D、It requires mathematicians to work independently.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Good afternoon, class! Today I want to discuss with you a new approach to empirical research. In the past, scientists often worked alone. They were confined to the university or research center where they worked. Today, though, we are seeing mergers of some of the greatest scientific minds, regardless of their location. There has never been a better time for collaborations with foreign scientists. In fact, the European Union is taking the lead. (16) Spurred on by funding policies, half of European research articles had international co-authors in 2007. This is more than twice the level of two decades ago.
The European Union’s level of international co-authorship is about twice that of the United States, Japan and India. Even so, the levels in these countries are also rising. This is a sign of the continued allure of creating scientific coalitions across borders. András Schubert, a researcher at the Institute for Science Policy Research, says that the rising collaboration is partly out of necessity. This necessity comes with the rise of ‘big science’. (17) Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated. These new complications require the money and labor of many nations.
But he says collaborations have also emerged because of increased possibilities: the Internet allows like-minded scientists to find each other. Simultaneously, dramatic drops in communication costs ease long-distance interactions. And there’s a reward: studies of citation counts show that internationally co-authored papers have better visibility. Schubert says international collaboration is a way to spread ideas in wider and wider circles.
Caroline Wagner, a research scientist at George Washington University, notes that international collaborations offer additional flexibility. Whereas local collaborations sometimes persist past the point of usefulness because of social or academic obligations, international ones can be cultivated and dropped more freely.
The collaborative trend is true across scientific disciplines. Some fields, though, have a greater tendency for it. Particle physicists and astronomers collaborate often. This is because they must share expensive facilities. (18) Mathematicians, by contrast, tend historically towards solitude. As a consequence, they lag behind other disciplines. However, Wagner says partnerships are rising there too. The level of collaboration also varies from country to country. “There are historical and political reasons as to why collaborations emerge,” says Wagner. This rise is also apparently boosted by policies embedded in European framework funding schemes. These policies underlie funding requirements that often require teamwork.
18. What do we learn about the field of mathematics?
解析：B。录音指出，相比之下，从历史上看，数学家倾向于独自研究。因此，他们落后于其他学科。B选项中lags behind other disciplines为原词复现，故为正确答案。C项为过度推断，故排除。D项中的independently虽与录音中的solitude为近义词，但录音中并未提及独立研究是对数学家的要求，而是一种趋势，故D项错误。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Scientists discovered water on Venus.
B、Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.
C、Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.
D、Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Good evening. In 1959, on the day that I was born, a headline in Life magazine proclaimed “Target Venus: There May be Life There!” (19) It told of how scientists rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations of Venus’s atmosphere, and how their discovery of water raised hopes that there could be living things there.
As a kid, I thrilled to tales of adventure and Isaac Asimov’s juvenile science-fiction novel Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus. For many of my peers, though, Venus quickly lost its romance. The very first thing that scientists discovered with a mission to another planet was that Venus was not at all the earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed. (20) It is nearly identical to our own planet in bulk properties such as mass, density and size. But its surface has been cooked and dried by an ocean of carbon dioxide. Trapped in the burning death-grip of a runaway greenhouse effect, Venus has long been held up as a cautionary tale for everything that could go wrong on a planet like Earth. As a possible home for alien life, it has been voted the planet least likely to succeed. But I have refused to give up on Venus and over the years, my stubborn loyalty has been justified. The rocky views glimpsed by Venera 9 and other Russian landers suggested a tortured volcanic history. That was confirmed in the early 1990s by the American Magellan orbiter, which used radar to peer through the planet’s thick clouds and map out a rich, varied and dynamic surface.
The surface formed mostly in the last billion years, which makes it fresher and more recently active than any rocky planet other than Earth. Russian and American spacecraft also found hints that its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler, and possibly even friendly to life. Measurements of density and composition implied that Venus originally formed out of basically the same stuff as Earth. That presumably included much more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today. Thus, our picture of Venus at around the time life was getting started on Earth is one of warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules, splashing around rocky shores and volcanic vents. The sun was considerably less bright back then. (21) So Venus was arguably a cozier habitat for life than Earth.
19. What do we learn from the Life magazine article?
解析：A。录音开始介绍了《生命》杂志上的一篇文章标题，该文章介绍了金星上发现了水，使得人们相信金星上可能有生物存在。A选项是对录音中their discovery of water的同义转述，故为正确答案。录音中提到，科学家曾在热气球上观测金星，C、D两项偷换概念，故排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It undergoes geological changes like Earth.
B、It is a paradise of romance for alien life.
C、It is the same as fiction has portrayed.
D、It resembles Earth in many aspects.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Good evening. In 1959, on the day that I was born, a headline in Life magazine proclaimed “Target Venus: There May be Life There!” (19) It told of how scientists rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations of Venus’s atmosphere, and how their discovery of water raised hopes that there could be living things there.
As a kid, I thrilled to tales of adventure and Isaac Asimov’s juvenile science-fiction novel Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus. For many of my peers, though, Venus quickly lost its romance. The very first thing that scientists discovered with a mission to another planet was that Venus was not at all the earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed. (20) It is nearly identical to our own planet in bulk properties such as mass, density and size. But its surface has been cooked and dried by an ocean of carbon dioxide. Trapped in the burning death-grip of a runaway greenhouse effect, Venus has long been held up as a cautionary tale for everything that could go wrong on a planet like Earth. As a possible home for alien life, it has been voted the planet least likely to succeed. But I have refused to give up on Venus and over the years, my stubborn loyalty has been justified. The rocky views glimpsed by Venera 9 and other Russian landers suggested a tortured volcanic history. That was confirmed in the early 1990s by the American Magellan orbiter, which used radar to peer through the planet’s thick clouds and map out a rich, varied and dynamic surface.
The surface formed mostly in the last billion years, which makes it fresher and more recently active than any rocky planet other than Earth. Russian and American spacecraft also found hints that its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler, and possibly even friendly to life. Measurements of density and composition implied that Venus originally formed out of basically the same stuff as Earth. That presumably included much more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today. Thus, our picture of Venus at around the time life was getting started on Earth is one of warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules, splashing around rocky shores and volcanic vents. The sun was considerably less bright back then. (21) So Venus was arguably a cozier habitat for life than Earth.
20. What are scientists’ findings about Venus?
解析：D。录音指出，金星在质量、密度和大小等体积特性上几乎与地球相同。D选项中的resembles Earth是对录音中nearly identical to our own planet的同义转述，故为正确答案。录音中说到，金星根本不是（not at all）小说中描绘的人间天堂，故B、C两项错误。A项在录音中未提及，故排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It used to be covered with rainforests.
B、It used to have more water than Earth.
C、It might have been a cozy habitat for life.
D、It might have been hotter than it is today.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Good evening. In 1959, on the day that I was born, a headline in Life magazine proclaimed “Target Venus: There May be Life There!” (19) It told of how scientists rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations of Venus’s atmosphere, and how their discovery of water raised hopes that there could be living things there.
As a kid, I thrilled to tales of adventure and Isaac Asimov’s juvenile science-fiction novel Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus. For many of my peers, though, Venus quickly lost its romance. The very first thing that scientists discovered with a mission to another planet was that Venus was not at all the earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed. (20) It is nearly identical to our own planet in bulk properties such as mass, density and size. But its surface has been cooked and dried by an ocean of carbon dioxide. Trapped in the burning death-grip of a runaway greenhouse effect, Venus has long been held up as a cautionary tale for everything that could go wrong on a planet like Earth. As a possible home for alien life, it has been voted the planet least likely to succeed. But I have refused to give up on Venus and over the years, my stubborn loyalty has been justified. The rocky views glimpsed by Venera 9 and other Russian landers suggested a tortured volcanic history. That was confirmed in the early 1990s by the American Magellan orbiter, which used radar to peer through the planet’s thick clouds and map out a rich, varied and dynamic surface.
The surface formed mostly in the last billion years, which makes it fresher and more recently active than any rocky planet other than Earth. Russian and American spacecraft also found hints that its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler, and possibly even friendly to life. Measurements of density and composition implied that Venus originally formed out of basically the same stuff as Earth. That presumably included much more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today. Thus, our picture of Venus at around the time life was getting started on Earth is one of warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules, splashing around rocky shores and volcanic vents. The sun was considerably less bright back then. (21) So Venus was arguably a cozier habitat for life than Earth.
21. What information did Russian and American space probes provide about Venus?
解析：C。录音最后指出，金星当时是比地球更舒适的生命栖息地。C选项中cozy habitat for life是对录音中cozier habitat for life的转述，故为正确答案。录音中提到，金星在过去包含的水分比现在多，并不是比地球多，故B项错误。C。录音最后指出，金星当时是比地球更舒适的生命栖息地。C选项中cozy habitat for life是对录音中cozier habitat for life的转述，故为正确答案。录音中提到，金星在过去包含的水分比现在多，并不是比地球多，故B项错误。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Causes of sleeplessness.
B、Cultural psychology.
C、Cross-cultural communication.
D、Motivation and positive feelings.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
I’m a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. (22) I specialize in Cultural Psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.
Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings towards not only themselves but things connected to themselves. For example, when you own something, you view it as more valuable than when you don’t own it. It’s called the “endowment effect”. The strength of that effect is stronger in Western cultures than in East Asian cultures. So we’ve been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is shaped by cultural experiences.
We’ve also started to look at how culture shapes sleep. We are still in the exploratory stages of this project—(23) although what’s noteworthy is that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do. And it’s not a more efficient sleep, not like they’re compressing relatively more value out of their hours. Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants. So we’re trying to figure out how culture shapes the way you sleep.
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. (24) Instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches, and they wear them for a week at a time. Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on. These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient their sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night. Ideally, I’d like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We’ll see where the research points us. We usually start off with the more affordable methods, and if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.
Why do we study sleep? (25) Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally. I’m attracted to it because culture isn’t something that only shapes the way our minds operate; it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.
22. What does the speaker mainly study?
解析：B。录音一开始，讲话者进行自我介绍时表示，自己专攻文化心理学。B选项为原词复现，故为正确答案。D选项为强干扰项，“动机和积极感受”在录音中虽有提及，但这是讲话者所在研究团队的研究内容，并不是讲话者本人的主要研究领域，故错误。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They attach great importance to sleep.
B、They often have trouble falling asleep.
C、They generally sleep longer than East Asians.
D、They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
I’m a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. (22) I specialize in Cultural Psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.
Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings towards not only themselves but things connected to themselves. For example, when you own something, you view it as more valuable than when you don’t own it. It’s called the “endowment effect”. The strength of that effect is stronger in Western cultures than in East Asian cultures. So we’ve been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is shaped by cultural experiences.
We’ve also started to look at how culture shapes sleep. We are still in the exploratory stages of this project—(23) although what’s noteworthy is that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do. And it’s not a more efficient sleep, not like they’re compressing relatively more value out of their hours. Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants. So we’re trying to figure out how culture shapes the way you sleep.
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. (24) Instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches, and they wear them for a week at a time. Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on. These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient their sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night. Ideally, I’d like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We’ll see where the research points us. We usually start off with the more affordable methods, and if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.
Why do we study sleep? (25) Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally. I’m attracted to it because culture isn’t something that only shapes the way our minds operate; it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.
23. What does the speaker say about North Americans?
解析：C。录音中间部分指出，值得注意的是，东亚人每晚的平均睡眠时间比北美人少一个半小时。也就是说，北美人比东亚人睡眠时间长，故C选项为正确答案。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs.
B、By asking people to report their sleep habits.
C、By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.
D、By having people wear motion-detecting watches.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
I’m a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. (22) I specialize in Cultural Psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.
Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings towards not only themselves but things connected to themselves. For example, when you own something, you view it as more valuable than when you don’t own it. It’s called the “endowment effect”. The strength of that effect is stronger in Western cultures than in East Asian cultures. So we’ve been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is shaped by cultural experiences.
We’ve also started to look at how culture shapes sleep. We are still in the exploratory stages of this project—(23) although what’s noteworthy is that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do. And it’s not a more efficient sleep, not like they’re compressing relatively more value out of their hours. Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants. So we’re trying to figure out how culture shapes the way you sleep.
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. (24) Instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches, and they wear them for a week at a time. Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on. These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient their sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night. Ideally, I’d like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We’ll see where the research points us. We usually start off with the more affordable methods, and if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.
Why do we study sleep? (25) Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally. I’m attracted to it because culture isn’t something that only shapes the way our minds operate; it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.
24. How did the speaker conduct the sleep study?
解析：D。录音中指出，讲话者将运动检测手表分发给人们，让他们一次佩戴一星期。D选项中motion-detecting watches为原词复现，故为正确答案。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It has attracted attention all over the world.
B、It has not yet produced anything conclusive.
C、It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.
D、It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
I’m a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. (22) I specialize in Cultural Psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.
Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings towards not only themselves but things connected to themselves. For example, when you own something, you view it as more valuable than when you don’t own it. It’s called the “endowment effect”. The strength of that effect is stronger in Western cultures than in East Asian cultures. So we’ve been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is shaped by cultural experiences.
We’ve also started to look at how culture shapes sleep. We are still in the exploratory stages of this project—(23) although what’s noteworthy is that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do. And it’s not a more efficient sleep, not like they’re compressing relatively more value out of their hours. Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants. So we’re trying to figure out how culture shapes the way you sleep.
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. (24) Instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches, and they wear them for a week at a time. Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on. These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient their sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night. Ideally, I’d like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We’ll see where the research points us. We usually start off with the more affordable methods, and if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.
Why do we study sleep? (25) Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally. I’m attracted to it because culture isn’t something that only shapes the way our minds operate; it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.
25. What does the speaker say about research on sleep?
解析：C。录音最后提到，睡眠这一话题还未进行过跨文化研究探索。C选项中not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect是对录音中an unexplored topic cross-culturally的同义转述，故C选项为正确答案。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel (26)_____ become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25°C unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists (27)_____ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive (28)_____.
Steel’s fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the (29)_____ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships (30)_____ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.
Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have (31)_____ to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.
Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical (32)_____. Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.
The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is (33)_____ to that of modern steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.
Kimura’s team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of (34)_____ needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with (35)_____ tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.
26、(1)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：
名词
additives (-s) 添加剂
approach 方式；临近
channel 频道；渠道
components 组成部分
fractures 断裂
hollow 凹陷处
动词
approach 走近；处理
besieged (-ed) 围攻；包围
channel 引导；输送
cracked (-ed) 破裂；破解
hollow 使凹陷
fractures 折断
reshuffled (-ed) 改组
strived (-ed) 努力；奋斗
形容词
comparable 相当的；可比的
cracked 破裂的；沙哑的
hollow 空洞的；空心的
relevant 相关的
violent 暴力的；猛烈的
副词
abruptly 突然地；唐突地
ardently 热烈地；热心地
26. abruptly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句子不缺少主干成分，空格位于动词become前，故需要填入副词。结合句意，大多数种类的钢铁在零下25摄氏度时会____变脆，除非与其他金属混合在一起。填入ardently（热烈的）显然不符合句意，故应该填入abruptly（迅速地）。
27. fractures
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为that引导的定语从句的谓语resists，故空格处应填入名词作其宾语。结合句意，现在已开发出一种新型钢铁，可以在更低的温度下抵抗____。此处though表转折，前文指出钢铁在低温时会变脆，因而此处应该表示新型钢铁可以在低温下不变脆、不折断，故填入fractures。
28. additives
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词，因而空格处应填入名词作介词for的宾语。前文指出，钢铁在低温下会变脆，除非与其他金属混合在一起。本句介绍了新型钢材的特点：在低温下不会折断且无需使用其他昂贵的____。由此可知，空格处应填入与前文“其他金属”（other metals）相对应的词，additives（添加剂）代入原文，符合语义，故应填入additives。
29. besieged
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词，因而空格处应填入形容词或动词过去分词形式作定语，用以描述英军的状态。根据语义，德国用鱼雷击沉了无数英国船只，而英国引进一支舰队替代受损的船只，为____的英国人提供了一条生命线。可以看出英军当时的处境很不好，因此能与前文构成呼应、构成通顺语义的只有besieged。
30. cracked
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为句子主语，空格后为地点状语，故空格处应填入不及物动词作谓语。根据语义，数百艘船只的钢铁外壳在北大西洋中____，and表示并列关系，从后半句说的12艘船断成两半并且沉没了，可知空格处所填词应与broke含义相近，故填入cracked。
31. strived
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为have，空格后为不定式，推测空格处应填入动词过去分词与have构成完成时态。So表示因果关系，前一句指出在寒冷条件下建造钢铁结构仍然是个问题。本句指出，科学家因此努力寻找解决办法，故填入strived。strive to do表示“努力做”。
32. approach
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词physical，空格处应填入名词作tried的宾语。从比较级more physical可知空格处所填词是与前文所说的solution进行比较，因此空格处所填词与solution（方法）含义相近，故填入approach。
33. comparable
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词is，空格后为介词to，推测空格处为句子表语。空格后的that指代前文的a combination of strength and toughness，可见is ____ to应该能表示前后两者的比较，故填入comparable。
34. components
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为the number of，因此空格处应该填入名词。根据语义，他们想减少建筑工作所需的____数量和重量，剩余备选项中满足条件的只有components（部件），且与上一句中的parts相呼应，故为正确答案。
35. hollow
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为介词with，空格后为名词tubes，故空格处应填入形容词作定语。破折号后使用了replace A with B的结构，因而____ tubes应该和solid supports（实心支撑物）表示含义相对的事物，且前文提到减轻部件的重量，故空格处应填入hollow，代入原文表示“空心管”。
27、(2)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、violent
B、channel
C、reshuffled
D、approach
E、additives
F、strived
G、hollow
H、besieged
I、components
J、abruptly
K、ardently
L、comparable
M、relevant
N、fractures
O、cracked
解析：见上一题！
The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?
【A】Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just like drones (无人机) before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.
【B】As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer “Can we?” but “Should we?” What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as “professionals”? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.
【C】Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The “Cube” here simply refers to the satellite’s shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle’s formerly “wasted space”. Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.
【D】Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They’re primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.
【E】Because they’re so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth’s orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost allows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.
【F】The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR’s Sputnik (前苏联的人造卫星). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There are more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.
【G】The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats’ importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn’t risk-free. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris—pieces of “junk” that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.
【H】Currently there aren’t many CubeSats and they’re tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the “creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”
【I】CubeSat researchers suggest that now’s the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some “expert amateurs” in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.
【J】In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts’ (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting “amateur” satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open-source development has been a central principle. Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything—making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT’s first CubeSat, this means that there’s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.
【K】However, they’re more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of “self-governance” is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don’t have deep roots within the existing culture?
【L】Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They’re still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there’s a danger they’re ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone—we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.
【M】This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important—not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur community considers to be responsible, actually is. Here’s where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.
36、36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：36. 由于进入太空更加容易，现在是考虑如何防止滥用卫星的时候了。
