一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A six-month-long negotiation.
B、Preparations for the party.
C、A project with a troublesome client.
D、Gift wrapping for the colleagues.
解析：
W: Hi, my name’s Kathy. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you too, Kathy. My name’s John. I’m a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?
W: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. We’ve only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it’s done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.
M: Oh, yes. So you’re Kathy from the office. Actually, I’ve heard a lot about you in that project. The client sounded like a real nightmare.
W: Uh, he was. I mean, we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis. It’s part of the job, but he was especially particular. Enough about that. What line of work are you in?
M: Well, right out of college I worked in advertising for a while. Recently, though, I turned my photography hobby into a small business. (2) I’ll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.
W: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake just as a hobby, but Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. (3) I was a bit nervous saying yes, because I’m far from a professional.
M: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight?
W: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.
M: They’re delicious! You’ve got nothing to worry about. You’re a natural.
W: You really think so?
M: If you hadn’t told me that, I would’ve guessed they were baked by the restaurant. (4) You know, with your event planning experience, you could very well open your own shop.
W: Haha, one step at a time. First I’ll see how baking the wedding cake goes. If it’s not a disaster, maybe I’ll give it some more thought.
1. What did Kathy and Brenda finish doing last week?
解析：C。根据开头部分可知，女士与布伦达是同事关系，她们上周才结束了一个非常难缠的客户的项目。录音中的wrapped up与题目中的finished doing为同义替换，C项的A project为原词复现，troublesome与录音中的difficult为同义替换，故选C。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Take wedding photos.
B、Advertise her company.
C、Start a small business.
D、Throw a celebration party.
解析：
W: Hi, my name’s Kathy. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you too, Kathy. My name’s John. I’m a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?
W: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. We’ve only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it’s done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.
M: Oh, yes. So you’re Kathy from the office. Actually, I’ve heard a lot about you in that project. The client sounded like a real nightmare.
W: Uh, he was. I mean, we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis. It’s part of the job, but he was especially particular. Enough about that. What line of work are you in?
M: Well, right out of college I worked in advertising for a while. Recently, though, I turned my photography hobby into a small business. (2) I’ll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.
W: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake just as a hobby, but Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. (3) I was a bit nervous saying yes, because I’m far from a professional.
M: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight?
W: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.
M: They’re delicious! You’ve got nothing to worry about. You’re a natural.
W: You really think so?
M: If you hadn’t told me that, I would’ve guessed they were baked by the restaurant. (4) You know, with your event planning experience, you could very well open your own shop.
W: Haha, one step at a time. First I’ll see how baking the wedding cake goes. If it’s not a disaster, maybe I’ll give it some more thought.
2. What is John going to do for Brenda?
解析：A。在录音中间部分，男士提到，他准备把婚礼上拍的照片作为给布伦达的结婚礼物。由上下文可知，录音中的the big event是指布伦达的婚礼，因此A项正确。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、 Hesitant.
B、Nervous.
C、Flattered.
D、Surprised.
解析：
W: Hi, my name’s Kathy. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you too, Kathy. My name’s John. I’m a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?
W: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. We’ve only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it’s done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.
M: Oh, yes. So you’re Kathy from the office. Actually, I’ve heard a lot about you in that project. The client sounded like a real nightmare.
W: Uh, he was. I mean, we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis. It’s part of the job, but he was especially particular. Enough about that. What line of work are you in?
M: Well, right out of college I worked in advertising for a while. Recently, though, I turned my photography hobby into a small business. (2) I’ll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.
W: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake just as a hobby, but Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. (3) I was a bit nervous saying yes, because I’m far from a professional.
M: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight?
W: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.
M: They’re delicious! You’ve got nothing to worry about. You’re a natural.
W: You really think so?
M: If you hadn’t told me that, I would’ve guessed they were baked by the restaurant. (4) You know, with your event planning experience, you could very well open your own shop.
W: Haha, one step at a time. First I’ll see how baking the wedding cake goes. If it’s not a disaster, maybe I’ll give it some more thought.
3. How did Kathy feel when asked to bake the cake?
解析：B。在录音中间部分，女士提到布伦达让她为婚礼准备蛋糕，她在答应时有点紧张，因为她觉得自己做蛋糕并不专业。题目中的bake the cake与录音中的do the cake为同义替换。B选项Nervous（紧张的）为原词复现，故选B。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Start her own bakery.
B、Improve her baking skill.
C、Share her cooking experience.
D、Prepare food for the wedding.
解析：
W: Hi, my name’s Kathy. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you too, Kathy. My name’s John. I’m a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?
W: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. We’ve only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it’s done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.
M: Oh, yes. So you’re Kathy from the office. Actually, I’ve heard a lot about you in that project. The client sounded like a real nightmare.
W: Uh, he was. I mean, we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis. It’s part of the job, but he was especially particular. Enough about that. What line of work are you in?
M: Well, right out of college I worked in advertising for a while. Recently, though, I turned my photography hobby into a small business. (2) I’ll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.
W: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake just as a hobby, but Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. (3) I was a bit nervous saying yes, because I’m far from a professional.
M: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight?
W: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.
M: They’re delicious! You’ve got nothing to worry about. You’re a natural.
W: You really think so?
M: If you hadn’t told me that, I would’ve guessed they were baked by the restaurant. (4) You know, with your event planning experience, you could very well open your own shop.
W: Haha, one step at a time. First I’ll see how baking the wedding cake goes. If it’s not a disaster, maybe I’ll give it some more thought.
4. What does the man suggest the woman do?
解析：A。在录音末尾，男士表示女士做的饼干非常好吃，并且她有活动策划的经验，所以建议女士开一家面包店，因此A正确。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They have to spend more time studying.
B、They have to participate in club activities.
C、They have to be more responsible for what they do.
D、They have to choose a specific academic discipline.
解析：
M: You’re heading for a completely different world, now that you’re about to graduate from high school.
W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of my classmates are going on to the same university and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?
M: Many aspects are different here at university. (5) The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It’s up to your own self-discipline—how much effort you put into study. Living in college dormitories, there are no parents to tell you to study harder or stop wasting time. Lecturers have hundreds of students and they’re not going to follow you up or question you if you miss their lectures.
W: Nobody cares, you mean?
M: It’s not that nobody’s concerned about you. (6) It’s just that suddenly at university you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically.
W: For example?
M: Well, like you need to manage your daily, weekly and monthly schedules so that you study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish assignments and prepare well for examinations.
W: Okay. And what else is different?
M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your student commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, (8) but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities unless they’re directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you would be foolish to let that affect your class performance during the day.
W: Well, I’m determined to do well at university, and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.
5. What does the man say about college students as compared with high schoolers?
解析：C。在录音前半部分，男士说，最重要的一点是需要对自己的行为承担更多的个人责任。C项中的be more responsible for与录音中的take more responsibility for对应，what they do与your actions对应，故C项正确。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Get ready for a career.
B、Make a lot of friends.
C、Set a long-term goal.
D、Behave like adults.
解析：
M: You’re heading for a completely different world, now that you’re about to graduate from high school.
W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of my classmates are going on to the same university and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?
M: Many aspects are different here at university. (5) The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It’s up to your own self-discipline—how much effort you put into study. Living in college dormitories, there are no parents to tell you to study harder or stop wasting time. Lecturers have hundreds of students and they’re not going to follow you up or question you if you miss their lectures.
W: Nobody cares, you mean?
M: It’s not that nobody’s concerned about you. (6) It’s just that suddenly at university you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically.
W: For example?
M: Well, like you need to manage your daily, weekly and monthly schedules so that you study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish assignments and prepare well for examinations.
W: Okay. And what else is different?
M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your student commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, (8) but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities unless they’re directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you would be foolish to let that affect your class performance during the day.
W: Well, I’m determined to do well at university, and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.
6. What are college students expected to do according to the man?
解析：D。录音中间部分出现题目原词expected to，男士说上了大学以后，人们突然就开始要求你的举止要像成年人一样。D项与录音完全一致，故正确。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Those who share her academic interests.
B、Those who respect her student commitments.
C、 Those who can help her when she is in need.
D、Those who go to the same clubs as she does.
解析：
M: You’re heading for a completely different world, now that you’re about to graduate from high school.
W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of my classmates are going on to the same university and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?
M: Many aspects are different here at university. (5) The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It’s up to your own self-discipline—how much effort you put into study. Living in college dormitories, there are no parents to tell you to study harder or stop wasting time. Lecturers have hundreds of students and they’re not going to follow you up or question you if you miss their lectures.W: Nobody cares, you mean?
M: It’s not that nobody’s concerned about you. (6) It’s just that suddenly at university you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically.
W: For example?
M: Well, like you need to manage your daily, weekly and monthly schedules so that you study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish assignments and prepare well for examinations.
W: Okay. And what else is different?
M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your student commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, (8) but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities unless they’re directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you would be foolish to let that affect your class performance during the day.
W: Well, I’m determined to do well at university, and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.
7. What kind of friends does the man suggest the woman make as a college student?
解析：B。录音后半部分，男士表示女士会交到有趣的朋友，但能深交的朋友只能是那些尊重她学生本分的人。B选项的关键词respect和student commitments是原词复现，因此B项正确。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Those helpful for tapping their potential.
B、Those conducive to improving their social skills.
C、Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.
D、Those conducive to their academic studies.
解析：
M: You’re heading for a completely different world, now that you’re about to graduate from high school.
W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of my classmates are going on to the same university and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?
M: Many aspects are different here at university. (5) The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It’s up to your own self-discipline—how much effort you put into study. Living in college dormitories, there are no parents to tell you to study harder or stop wasting time. Lecturers have hundreds of students and they’re not going to follow you up or question you if you miss their lectures.
W: Nobody cares, you mean?
M: It’s not that nobody’s concerned about you. (6) It’s just that suddenly at university you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically.
W: For example?
M: Well, like you need to manage your daily, weekly and monthly schedules so that you study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish assignments and prepare well for examinations.
W: Okay. And what else is different?
M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your student commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, (8) but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities unless they’re directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you would be foolish to let that affect your class performance during the day.
W: Well, I’m determined to do well at university, and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.
8. What kind of club activities should college students engage in according to the man?
解析：D。在录音的末尾，男士说大学里有很多不错的社团，但不应该花太多时间在社团活动上，除非参加的社团与学业紧密相关。换句话说，男士认为大学生应该参加与学业相关的社团。D项中academic studies与录音中study对应，conducive to对应录音中的directly related to，因此D项正确。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They break away from traditional ways of thinking.
B、They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.
C、 They are good at refining old formulas.
D、They bring their potential into full play.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
(9) Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wander outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French national ski team in the early 1960s, he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn, he would run up the slopes with his skis on—an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running, but the other team members were working as hard and long as he was.
He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique. Each week, he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. (10) His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite the accepted technique of the time. It involved skiing with his legs apart for better balance, and sitting back on the skis when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way to propel himself as he skied.
The explosive new style helped cut Killy’s racing time dramatically. In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. (11) The next year, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don’t require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.
9. What does the speaker say about most successful people?
解析：A。录音开头提到，最成功的人是那些跳出传统思维模式的不寻常的人。A选项中的traditional ways of thinking为原词复现，break away from是对录音中wander outside的同义转述，因此A项正确。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.
B、They resulted in a brand new style of skiing technique.
C、They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.
D、They made explosive news in the sports world.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
(9) Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wander outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French national ski team in the early 1960s, he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn, he would run up the slopes with his skis on—an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running, but the other team members were working as hard and long as he was.
He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique. Each week, he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. (10) His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite the accepted technique of the time. It involved skiing with his legs apart for better balance, and sitting back on the skis when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way to propel himself as he skied.
The explosive new style helped cut Killy’s racing time dramatically. In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. (11) The next year, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don’t require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.
10. What does the speaker say about Killy’s experiments?
解析：B。录音中间提到，基利的实验产生了与当时公认的滑雪技术几乎背道而驰的新的滑雪动作。B选项的a brand new style与录音中a new style对应，再根据上下文可知，style指代skiing technique，因此B项正确。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.
B、He competed in all major skiing events in the world.
C、He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.
D、He broke three world skiing records in three years.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
(9) Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wander outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French national ski team in the early 1960s, he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn, he would run up the slopes with his skis on—an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running, but the other team members were working as hard and long as he was.
He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique. Each week, he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. (10) His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite the accepted technique of the time. It involved skiing with his legs apart for better balance, and sitting back on the skis when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way to propel himself as he skied.
The explosive new style helped cut Killy’s racing time dramatically. In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. (11) The next year, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don’t require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.
11. What is said to be Killy’s biggest honor in his skiing career?
解析：C。录音末尾提到，在第二年，他在冬奥会中赢得了三枚金牌，这一滑雪纪录从未被打破，可见基利在一届冬奥会中赢得了三枚金牌，因此C项正确。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They appear restless.
B、They lose consciousness.
C、They become upset.
D、They die almost instantly.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger, when injected into guinea pigs, have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body. (13) Every thought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck suddenly breaks twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body. The toxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs, but kill us off in a similar manner.
(14)It is impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated, and healthy at the same time. It is not just difficult—it is impossible. Simply put, your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts, which in time show up in the body. It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health.
Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn’t want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? (15) The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often, our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are halfway to doing something about them.
12. What happens to guinea pigs when blood samples of angry people are injected into them?
解析：D。录音开头提及了豚鼠的实验：把恐惧或愤怒的人的血液注射到豚鼠体内时，豚鼠不到两分钟就死亡了。D项的关键词almost instantly与录音中less than two minutes相呼应，故选D。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.
B、It keeps returning to you every now and then.
C、It leaves you with a long-lasting impression.
D、 It contributes to the shaping of you mind.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger, when injected into guinea pigs, have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body. (13) Every thought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck suddenly breaks twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body. The toxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs, but kill us off in a similar manner.
(14)It is impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated, and healthy at the same time. It is not just difficult—it is impossible. Simply put, your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts, which in time show up in the body. It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health.
Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn’t want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? (15) The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often, our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are halfway to doing something about them.
13. What does the speaker say about every thought you have?
解析：A。录音中提到，你的每一个想法都会瞬间影响你体内的化学反应。A项中的instant effect是对录音affect...within a split second的同义替换，故为正确答案。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To succeed while feeling irritated.
B、To feel happy without good health.
C、To be free from frustration and failure.
D、To enjoy good health while in dark moods.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger, when injected into guinea pigs, have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body. (13) Every thought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck suddenly breaks twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body. The toxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs, but kill us off in a similar manner.
(14)It is impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated, and healthy at the same time. It is not just difficult—it is impossible. Simply put, your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts, which in time show up in the body. It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health.
Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn’t want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? (15) The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often, our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are halfway to doing something about them.
14. What does the speaker say is impossible?
解析：D。录音中间部分讲到，人们几乎不可能在感到恐惧、焦虑、愤怒的同时还能保持健康。D选项中的in dark moods是对录音所列举的负面情绪的概括，enjoy good health对应录音中的be...healthy，因此D项正确。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are closely connected.
B、They function in a similar way.
C、They are too complex to understand.
D、They reinforce each other constantly.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger, when injected into guinea pigs, have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body. (13) Every thought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck suddenly breaks twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body. The toxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs, but kill us off in a similar manner.
(14)It is impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated, and healthy at the same time. It is not just difficult—it is impossible. Simply put, your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts, which in time show up in the body. It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health.
Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn’t want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? (15) The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often, our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are halfway to doing something about them.
15. What does the passage say about our mind and body?
解析：A。录音结尾提到，思想与身体的联结机制是，如果我们想要避免某种东西，我们的潜意识就会进行安排。由此可知，思想与身体有着密切的联系，因此A项正确。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They differ in their appreciation of music.
B、They focus their attention on different things.
C、They finger the piano keys in different ways.
D、They choose different pieces of music to play.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Teachers and students alike have experienced the curious paradox that beginners, as a rule, tend to think too little about what they are doing, because they think too much about what they are doing. (16) Take, for example, people who are learning to play basketball or the piano. They have to give so much thought and attention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball, or fingering the keys, or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters—the game or the music respectively.
(16) With experts, it’s just the other way around. They’re open to the tactical possibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they’re freed through skill from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of how to play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this is liable to disrupt performance. This has led some to say that the expert operates in a zone ‘beyond thought’, in a state of flow. But this is misleading. Expert performance is not beyond thought. (17) Smart basketball players or skilled musicians need to pay close attention to the demands of high performance—to the challenges to be overcome.
What they don’t need to do, what would be a distraction, is to have to think about where their fingers are or how to control the ball while running. It’s not mechanics, but the play itself that absorbs the experts’ intelligence.
(18) A nice video published online last month sheds light on expertise and the conscious mind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns out that the less skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than does the expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music or looking ahead at keys he’s not yet playing. In general, the expert’s gaze was calmer and more stable. (18) This is not a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of as conventional wisdom. But it’s remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eye tracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do without thinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill and the differences between beginners and experts has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy.
16. What does the speaker say about beginners and expert pianists?
解析：B。录音开头阐述了初学者和钢琴大师的区别。初学者把注意力集中在指法和识谱上，而无法去思考音乐本身；而钢琴大师则会把注意力放在音乐的演奏上，因为他们已经不需要再关注如何弹奏这类低层次的技术细节。由此可知，初学者和钢琴大师的关注点不同，因此选B。该部分将篮球与钢琴并列举例，要注意辨别论述钢琴的部分。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.
B、They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.
C、They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations.
D、They attach great importance to high performance.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Teachers and students alike have experienced the curious paradox that beginners, as a rule, tend to think too little about what they are doing, because they think too much about what they are doing. (16) Take, for example, people who are learning to play basketball or the piano. They have to give so much thought and attention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball, or fingering the keys, or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters—the game or the music respectively.
(16) With experts, it’s just the other way around. They’re open to the tactical possibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they’re freed through skill from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of how to play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this is liable to disrupt performance. This has led some to say that the expert operates in a zone ‘beyond thought’, in a state of flow. But this is misleading. Expert performance is not beyond thought. (17) Smart basketball players or skilled musicians need to pay close attention to the demands of high performance—to the challenges to be overcome.
What they don’t need to do, what would be a distraction, is to have to think about where their fingers are or how to control the ball while running. It’s not mechanics, but the play itself that absorbs the experts’ intelligence.
(18) A nice video published online last month sheds light on expertise and the conscious mind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns out that the less skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than does the expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music or looking ahead at keys he’s not yet playing. In general, the expert’s gaze was calmer and more stable. (18) This is not a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of as conventional wisdom. But it’s remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eye tracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do without thinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill and the differences between beginners and experts has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy.
17. What do smart basketball players do according to the speaker?
解析：D。录音中间复现Smart basketball players，为题目定位处。录音指出，聪明的篮球运动员或技术高超的音乐家需要关注高质量的表演和需要克服的挑战。原文中的high performance与D选项表述完全一致，故选D。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.
B、It adopts a conventional approach to research.
C、It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.
D、It gives rise to controversy among experts.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Teachers and students alike have experienced the curious paradox that beginners, as a rule, tend to think too little about what they are doing, because they think too much about what they are doing. (16) Take, for example, people who are learning to play basketball or the piano. They have to give so much thought and attention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball, or fingering the keys, or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters—the game or the music respectively.
(16) With experts, it’s just the other way around. They’re open to the tactical possibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they’re freed through skill from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of how to play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this is liable to disrupt performance. This has led some to say that the expert operates in a zone ‘beyond thought’, in a state of flow. But this is misleading. Expert performance is not beyond thought. (17) Smart basketball players or skilled musicians need to pay close attention to the demands of high performance—to the challenges to be overcome.
What they don’t need to do, what would be a distraction, is to have to think about where their fingers are or how to control the ball while running. It’s not mechanics, but the play itself that absorbs the experts’ intelligence.
(18) A nice video published online last month sheds light on expertise and the conscious mind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns out that the less skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than does the expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music or looking ahead at keys he’s not yet playing. In general, the expert’s gaze was calmer and more stable. (18) This is not a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of as conventional wisdom. But it’s remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eye tracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do without thinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill and the differences between beginners and experts has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy.
18. What do we learn about the new study published in an online video?
解析：C。录音后半部分中提及A nice video published online，为本题的定位词。录音指出，这个视频并不是意料之外的发现，因为它证实了我们的传统认知。C项的关键词conventional wisdom和supports为原词复现，故选C。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、People’s envy of slim models.
B、People’s craze for good health.
C、The increasing range of fancy products.
D、The great variety of slimming products.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Every summer when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores, my eyes would nearly pop out of my head. (19) I’m overwhelmed with a wide range of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost ten years, now, I’ve seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember in Japan people heading directly to the fruit section in the supermarket when the banana diet was at its peak. Then there was the black tea and oolong tea diet, followed by the soybean diet, and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on and on.
Apart from what people eat, I’ve also seen many interesting slimming products. In Hong Kong, (20)I’ve seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with a special type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner. But it just reminded me of the roasted ham my mother usually puts on the dinner table at Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers that were said to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller. Personally, I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets. And I think I have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful.
Asian women prefer to avoid the sun, because being pale or white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the West. (21) It is most certainly shaped by a person’s culture, as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there’s no escape from it. But it’s not only women who are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to show off their six packs or their V-shape backs. And there’s a growing market of slimming pills aimed at men too.
I think no matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess ourselves with, at the end of the day, there’s no magic trick to shape up for the summer. Eat in a balanced way and incorporate the right level of physical activity. For me, this still seems to be the best plan.
19. What overwhelms the speaker when she buys her summer outfits each year?
解析：D。录音开头指出，讲话者每年都会被各种各样的瘦身产品搞得无所适从。D项中的slimming products为原词复现，且The great variety of与录音中的a wide range of为同义替换，故选D。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They appear vigorous.
B、They appear strange.
C、They look charming.
D、They look unhealthy.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Every summer when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores, my eyes would nearly pop out of my head. (19) I’m overwhelmed with a wide range of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost ten years, now, I’ve seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember in Japan people heading directly to the fruit section in the supermarket when the banana diet was at its peak. Then there was the black tea and oolong tea diet, followed by the soybean diet, and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on and on.
Apart from what people eat, I’ve also seen many interesting slimming products. In Hong Kong, (20)I’ve seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with a special type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner. But it just reminded me of the roasted ham my mother usually puts on the dinner table at Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers that were said to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller. Personally, I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets. And I think I have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful.
Asian women prefer to avoid the sun, because being pale or white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the West. (21) It is most certainly shaped by a person’s culture, as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there’s no escape from it. But it’s not only women who are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to show off their six packs or their V-shape backs. And there’s a growing market of slimming pills aimed at men too.
I think no matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess ourselves with, at the end of the day, there’s no magic trick to shape up for the summer. Eat in a balanced way and incorporate the right level of physical activity. For me, this still seems to be the best plan.
20. What does the speaker think of girls wrapping their legs up with slimming tape?
解析：B。录音中间提及rapping their whole body or both legs up，为本题的定位句。该句提及，讲话者在香港见过有女孩子用一种特殊的瘦身束带把自己整个身体或两条腿裹起来，帮助她们瘦身，但这种形象让讲话者想起她妈妈圣诞节晚餐做的绑起来的火腿。由此可知，讲话者不理解这种瘦身方法，认为这样很奇怪，所以选B项。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Culture and upbringing.
B、Wealth and social status.
C、Peer pressure.
D、Media influence.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Every summer when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores, my eyes would nearly pop out of my head. (19) I’m overwhelmed with a wide range of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost ten years, now, I’ve seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember in Japan people heading directly to the fruit section in the supermarket when the banana diet was at its peak. Then there was the black tea and oolong tea diet, followed by the soybean diet, and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on and on.
Apart from what people eat, I’ve also seen many interesting slimming products. In Hong Kong, (20)I’ve seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with a special type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner. But it just reminded me of the roasted ham my mother usually puts on the dinner table at Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers that were said to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller. Personally, I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets. And I think I have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful.
Asian women prefer to avoid the sun, because being pale or white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the West. (21) It is most certainly shaped by a person’s culture, as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there’s no escape from it. But it’s not only women who are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to show off their six packs or their V-shape backs. And there’s a growing market of slimming pills aimed at men too.
I think no matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess ourselves with, at the end of the day, there’s no magic trick to shape up for the summer. Eat in a balanced way and incorporate the right level of physical activity. For me, this still seems to be the best plan.
21. What does the speaker think affects people’s interpretation of beauty?
解析：A。录音后半部分提到，对美的认知取决于文化和童年时的成长方式。录音中的It是对前文的总结，指代对美的认知。A选项中的Culture为原词复现，upbringing对应录音中的how they were raised in their childhood，因此选A。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The relation between hair and skin.
B、 The growing interest in skin studies.
C、The color of human skin.
D、The need of skin protection.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Skin may seem like a superficial human attribute, but it’s the first thing we notice about anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys, (22) I’ve been studying why humans evolved to become “the naked ape”, and why skin comes in so many different shades around the world.
(23) We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago. And meanwhile, they mostly lost their coat of fur. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies, but compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turned our skin darker to serve as a natural sun protector in the place of the hair we lost.
(23) We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can’t really lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it by sweating, so we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully and lost most of our fur. (24) Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. What we did in our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells.
This was really an important revolution in human history, because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa. For most of human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations out of Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around 200,000 years ago and underwent tremendous diversification—culturally, technologically, linguistically, artistically—for 130,000 years. (25) After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians dispersed into parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring.
Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too.
22. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
解析：A。在录音开头，讲话者介绍自己的研究领域——研究人类在进化过程中为何会失去毛发并且进化成各种肤色。后面接着指出人类在进化肤色的过程中毛发减少，因此讲话者主要在讨论毛发与肤色的关系，故选A。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The necessity to save energy.
B、Adaptation to the hot environment.
C、The need to breathe with ease.
D、Dramatic climate changes on earth.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Skin may seem like a superficial human attribute, but it’s the first thing we notice about anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys, (22) I’ve been studying why humans evolved to become “the naked ape”, and why skin comes in so many different shades around the world.
(23) We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago. And meanwhile, they mostly lost their coat of fur. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies, but compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turned our skin darker to serve as a natural sun protector in the place of the hair we lost.
(23) We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can’t really lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it by sweating, so we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully and lost most of our fur. (24) Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. What we did in our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells.
This was really an important revolution in human history, because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa. For most of human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations out of Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around 200,000 years ago and underwent tremendous diversification—culturally, technologically, linguistically, artistically—for 130,000 years. (25) After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians dispersed into parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring.
Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too.
23. What had probably caused humans to lose most of their hair 1.5 million years ago?
解析：B。录音开头指出，人类在约150万年前进化出了露在外面的皮肤，同时覆盖全身的毛发消失了。随后又指出，人类的毛发消失是因为需要活动并且在炎热的环境下保持身体凉爽，因此B项正确。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Leaves and grass.
B、Man-made shelter.
C、Their skin coloring.
D、Hair on their skin.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Skin may seem like a superficial human attribute, but it’s the first thing we notice about anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys, (22) I’ve been studying why humans evolved to become “the naked ape”, and why skin comes in so many different shades around the world.
(23) We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago. And meanwhile, they mostly lost their coat of fur. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies, but compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turned our skin darker to serve as a natural sun protector in the place of the hair we lost.
(23) We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can’t really lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it by sweating, so we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully and lost most of our fur. (24) Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. What we did in our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells.
This was really an important revolution in human history, because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa. For most of human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations out of Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around 200,000 years ago and underwent tremendous diversification—culturally, technologically, linguistically, artistically—for 130,000 years. (25) After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians dispersed into parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring.
Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too.
24. What does the speaker say protected early humans from the sun?
解析：C。根据录音可知，大多数动物通过毛发来保护自己不受阳光暴晒，但我们人类则是通过进化出皮肤色素。C项中的skin coloring（肤色）与natural coloring in our skin cells含义一致，故选C。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Their genetic makeup began to change.
B、Their communities began to grow steadily.
C、Their children began to mix with each other.
D、Their pace of evolution began to quicken.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Skin may seem like a superficial human attribute, but it’s the first thing we notice about anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys, (22) I’ve been studying why humans evolved to become “the naked ape”, and why skin comes in so many different shades around the world.
(23) We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago. And meanwhile, they mostly lost their coat of fur. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies, but compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turned our skin darker to serve as a natural sun protector in the place of the hair we lost.
(23) We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can’t really lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it by sweating, so we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully and lost most of our fur. (24) Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. What we did in our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells.
This was really an important revolution in human history, because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa. For most of human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations out of Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around 200,000 years ago and underwent tremendous diversification—culturally, technologically, linguistically, artistically—for 130,000 years. (25) After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians dispersed into parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring.
Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too.
25. What happened after humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world?
解析：A。录音后半部分提到，一小部分人离开非洲来到世界其他角落，成为亚欧大陆人种的祖先。由于这些地区的阳光辐射较少，影响这些人肤色的基因也开始出现变化。A项中的genetic makeup为原词复现，故A项正确。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a (26) _____ to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar (27) _____ up.
The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been (28) _____ by clean-eating experts.
But now a (29) _____ review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been (30) _____ in with other, more fat-promoting carbohydrates.
“The study found that pasta didn’t (31) _____ to weight gain or increase in body fat,” said lead author Dr. John Sievenpiper. “In (32) _____ the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an (33) _____ effect on body weight outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.” In fact, analysis actually showed a small weight loss. So (34) _____ to concerns, perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet.
Those involved in the (35) _____ trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.
26、(1)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：
名词
contrary 相反；反面
intimate 知己，密友，至交
minimum 最少量，最小数
ration 配给量
shooting 枪击
动词
championed (-ed) 捍卫，维护；声援
contribute 捐献，捐助，促成
intimate 暗示；提示
lumped (-ed) 把……归在一起
magnified (-ed) 夸大；放大
radiating (-ing) 散发；发射；焕发
ration 定量供应，配给
shooting (-ing) 开（枪）；射击
subscribe 订阅；订购
weighing (-ing) 称……的重量；权衡
形容词
adverse 不利的，有害的
clinical 医院的；临床的
contrary 相反的，相对的
intimate 亲密的；密切的
minimum 最小的，最少的
systematic 系统化的，有条理的
26. minimum
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a，空格处应填入可数名词单数。空格所在句大意为：营养学家一直建议意大利面食应保持____，以减少卡路里，防止脂肪堆积和血糖升高。由此可知，空格处意思为，应尽量减少意大利面的摄入以减少卡路里等，故答案为minimum。ration干扰性较强，代入原文表示“意大利面的摄入量要维持在一定份额上”，保持定量并不能保证卡路里和脂肪会减少，并且无法和后文出现的cut、prevent和stop形成呼应，故ration错误。
27. shooting
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为stop，此处考查固定搭配stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.，表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”，故空格处应填入动名词形式。根据末尾的up可知，此处意为“阻止血糖增加”。备选项中只有shooting和up搭配可以表示“飙升；暴涨”，故答案为shooting。weigh up表示“评估；评价”，不符合题意，故错误。radiate和up无法构成固定搭配，故错误。
28. championed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为has been，空格后为by，空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式，表示被动。前文提到了一些饮食法，建议用蔬菜、鱼和肉来代替面包、意大利面和土豆等食物。空格所在句同样提到了用蔬菜代替意大利面（swapping spaghetti for vegetables），由此可知，前后两句在语义上应是相似的，说明这种饮食法是被清洁饮食专家（clean-eating experts）建议并且支持的，故答案为championed。champion在此处作动词，表示“维护；声援”。
29. systematic
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词review，故本空应填入形容词。根据空格处语义，但现在，加拿大研究人员对30项研究进行了____回顾和分析。后文是对回顾和分析的具体描述，systematic review and analysis表示“系统化的回顾和分析”，代入原文，符合语义，故答案为systematic。
30. lumped
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为had been，空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式。根据语义可知，这些研究人员发现，意大利面被不公平地妖魔化了，因为它与其他更能促进脂肪的碳水化合物被____。be lumped in表示“被集中在一起”，代入原文意为：意大利面和其他碳水化合物被混为一谈。故答案为lumped。
31. contribute
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为didn’t，空格后为介词to，空格处应填入动词原形。文章第三段解释道，意大利面食不会导致体重增加，第四段内容接着对此进行解释：研究发现，意大利面不会____体重增加或身体脂肪增加。contribute to 表示“导致；有助于”，代入原文，符合语义，故答案为contribute。
32. weighing
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为介词In，空格后为名词the evidence，空格处应填入动名词。空格所在的短语意为“在____这些证据时”，weigh the evidence表示“权衡证据”，代入原文，符合语义，故答案为weighing。
33. adverse
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词an，空格后为名词effect，空格处应填入形容词。空格句接着对“意大利面食不会导致体重增加”作解释：在权衡这些证据时，我们现在可以有信心地说，当意大利面作为健康饮食模式的一部分时，它不会对体重产生____影响。由此可知，空格处说的应该是“不会对体重产生不利影响”，adverse表示“不利的，有害的”，故答案为adverse。
34. contrary
解析：形容词辨析题。空格后为介词to，空格处应填入形容词与to构成词组。根据语义，因此，与担忧____的是，也许意大利面可以成为健康饮食的一部分。前文说到，人们担心意大利面食的过量摄入会导致增加热量、脂肪和血糖。空格句说到，意大利面食也许是健康的，这一理论和之前的担忧相反，故本空应填入contrary。
35. clinical
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词trials，空格处应填入形容词。根据语义，参与____试验的人平均每周吃3.3份意大利面，来替代其他碳水化合物。clinical trials表示“临床试验”，代入原文，符合语义，故答案为clinical。
27、(2)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、championed
B、weighing
C、systematic
D、minimum
E、ration
F、radiating
G、magnified
H、adverse
I、lumped
J、contrary
K、intimate
L、contribute
M、subscribe
N、shooting
O、clinical
解析：见上一题！
The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks
【A】Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The Internet is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.
【B】But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent “surge” would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.
【C】More than 20 years after the Internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.
【D】So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a “huge antitrust problem”, the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What’s the real story?
【E】Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting “reinvented”, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It’s standing in the path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently, “We’re frankly scratching our heads.”
【F】But it’s not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot.com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the Internet was going to kill—and quickly. The dot.com bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, conventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.
【G】It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of Internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.
【H】More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple’s massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.
【I】Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it’s also not happening on what used to be called “Internet Time”. Some Internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick, and some haven’t really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the Internet will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.
【J】But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.
【K】The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the Internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.
【L】So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals. Many are having the same problem that newspapers have had. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.
【M】A few seem to be making this work. Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy’s, Target, and Nordstrom’s dropped. Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), “Growth here is too slow.” Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one-click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study graded more than 600 Internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay. Almost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.
【N】The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable. Our deep look into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart in with “non-store retailers” like food trucks, can mask major changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways, but they have chosen not to.
【O】Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category. Investors shouldn’t write off brick and mortar. Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter.
36、36. Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the Internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：36. 根据最近的一项调查显示，尽管网上零售已经存在了大约20年，但仍有近一半的网上零售商未能从消费者那里得到满意的反馈。
