一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、 They reward businesses that eliminate food waste.
B、They prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stale.
C、They facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy.
D、They forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed.
解析：
Conversation One
M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.
W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. （1）New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, （2）the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
M: （3）In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. （4）One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.
1. What does the woman say about the new laws in Italy?
解析：C。本题目为细节题，问题为：关于意大利的新法律，女士说了什么？根据原文所在句New laws have been put into place that will make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need可知，新的法律已经出台，这将使农场和超市更容易向有需要的人捐赠未售出的食品。C）They facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy（它们推动了把超市里卖不出去的食物捐赠给需要的人）与原文一致。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It imposed penalties on businesses that waste food.
B、 It passed a law aiming to stop overproduction.
C、It voted against food import from outside Europe.
D、It prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.
解析：
Conversation One
M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.
W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. （1）New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, （2）the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
M: （3）In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. （4）One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.
2. What did the European Parliament do to reduce food waste?
解析：B。本题目为细节题，问题为：欧洲国会为减少食物浪费做了什么？根据原文所在句Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste可知，就在今年早些时候，欧洲议会投票赞成通过立法，阻止食品巨头进行不公平的交易行为，防止过度生产造成浪费。B）It passed a law aiming to stop overproduction（它通过了一项遏制生产过剩的法律）与原文意义一致。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It has warned its people against possible food shortage.
B、It has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foods.
C、It has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.
D、It has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.
解析：
Conversation One
M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.
W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. （1）New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, （2）the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
M: （3）In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. （4）One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.
3. What has the French government done recently?
解析：D。问题为：法国政府最近做了什么？根据原文所在句In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods 可知，在法国，政府禁止超市扔掉可食用的食品。D）It has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods（政府禁止超市扔掉可食用的食品），其中dump是“丢弃”的意思，是throw away的同义替换，故选D。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The confusion over food expiration labels.
B、The surplus resulting from overproduction.
C、Americans’ habit of buying food in bulk.
D、A lack of regulation on food consumption.
解析：
Conversation One
M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.
W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. （1）New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, （2）the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
M: （3）In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. （4）One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.
4. What is the major cause of food waste in the United States?
解析：A。问题为：美国食物浪费的主要原因是什么？由根据原文所在句One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government可知，导致这一问题的一个主要原因就是食品保质期标签的混乱，但是政府目前对此毫无管治措施。A）The confusion over food expiration labels（食品保质期标签的混乱）与原文表达意义一致。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It has started a week-long promotion campaign.
B、It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.
C、It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.
D、It specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses.
解析：
Conversation Two
M: Thank you for calling the Saks Fifth Avenue Department Store. How can I be of assistance to you today?
W: Hello. I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. （5）Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did but for a much lower price.
M: （5）Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday. （6）We do offer price adjustments for seven days of purchase to ensure our customers’ satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?
W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.
M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? （7）We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise, we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.
W: （7）Crediting my account will be wonderful. Thank you. Now, you’ve mentioned that there is a sale going on. I do remember a dress I quite like when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?
M: Yes, ma’am. All the new arrivals are 15-20% off. （8）In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if needed.
W: That’s good news. The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length. How long will your alteration take?
M: Our tailoring department guarantees alterations to be completed within five working days. If you like, I can set one aside for you. If you are able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager. And they will be able to assist you.
5. What do we learn about the Saks Department Store?
解析：B。问题为：关于Saks Department Store，我们能知道什么？根据原文所在句Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun可知，我朋友昨天告诉我周年店庆促销已经开始了。B）It has just launched its annual anniversary sales（它刚刚开始了周年店庆促销)与原文表达意义一致。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Price reductions for its frequent customers.
B、Coupons for customers with bulk purchases.
C、Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.
D、Price adjustments with in seven days of purchase.
解析：
Conversation Two
M: Thank you for calling the Saks Fifth Avenue Department Store. How can I be of assistance to you today?
W: Hello. I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. （5）Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did but for a much lower price.
M: （5）Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday. （6）We do offer price adjustments for seven days of purchase to ensure our customers’ satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?
W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.
M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? （7）We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise, we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.
W: （7）Crediting my account will be wonderful. Thank you. Now, you’ve mentioned that there is a sale going on. I do remember a dress I quite like when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?
M: Yes, ma’am. All the new arrivals are 15-20% off. （8）In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if needed.
W: That’s good news. The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length. How long will your alteration take?
M: Our tailoring department guarantees alterations to be completed within five working days. If you like, I can set one aside for you. If you are able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager. And they will be able to assist you.
6. What did the man say about Saks Department Store’s offers?
解析：D 。问题为：关于Saks Department Store提供的优惠，这位男士说了什么？根据原文所在句We do offer price adjustments for seven days of purchase to ensure our customers’ satisfaction可知，为了保证消费者的满意度，我们提供了七日内退差价的服务。选项D）Price adjustments within seven days of purchase（七天内退差价服务）与原文一致。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Mail a gift card to her.
B、Allow her to buy on credit.
C、Credit it to her account.
D、Give her some coupons.
解析：
Conversation Two
M: Thank you for calling the Saks Fifth Avenue Department Store. How can I be of assistance to you today?
W: Hello. I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. （5）Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did but for a much lower price.
M: （5）Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday. （6）We do offer price adjustments for seven days of purchase to ensure our customers’ satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?
W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.
M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? （7）We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise, we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.
W: （7）Crediting my account will be wonderful. Thank you. Now, you’ve mentioned that there is a sale going on. I do remember a dress I quite like when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?
M: Yes, ma’am. All the new arrivals are 15-20% off. （8）In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if needed.
W: That’s good news. The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length. How long will your alteration take?
M: Our tailoring department guarantees alterations to be completed within five working days. If you like, I can set one aside for you. If you are able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager. And they will be able to assist you.
7. What did the woman want the store to do to address the price difference?
解析：C。问题为：为了解决价格差的问题，这位女士想要商店做些什么？根据原文所在句Crediting my account will be wonderful可知，女士想要商店把差额存入她的账户。原文和C选项表达一致。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Refunding for goods returned.
B、Free installing of appliances.
C、Prolonged goods warranty.
D、Complimentary tailoring.
解析：
Conversation Two
M: Thank you for calling the Saks Fifth Avenue Department Store. How can I be of assistance to you today?
W: Hello. I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. （5）Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did but for a much lower price.
M: （5）Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday. （6）We do offer price adjustments for seven days of purchase to ensure our customers’ satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?
W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.
M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? （7）We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise, we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.
W: （7）Crediting my account will be wonderful. Thank you. Now, you’ve mentioned that there is a sale going on. I do remember a dress I quite like when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?
M: Yes, ma’am. All the new arrivals are 15-20% off. （8）In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if needed.
W: That’s good news. The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length. How long will your alteration take?
M: Our tailoring department guarantees alterations to be completed within five working days. If you like, I can set one aside for you. If you are able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager. And they will be able to assist you.
8. What is the service Saks Department Store offers in addition to the promotion sale?
解析：D。问题为：除了促销，商店还提供什么服务？根据原文所在句In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complementary tailoring if needed可知，除降价之外，商店还举行促销活动，如果有需要，可免费裁剪。选项D）Complimentary tailoring（免费裁剪）是原文表达的同义转述。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、 They are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.
B、They have more than twenty different hair textures.
C、They have twenty-four different body shapes in total.
D、They represent people from virtually all walks of life.
解析：
Passage One
Barbie dolls have a particular look to them. （9）They are thin, tall, long-legged and virtually unlike any real human being. Although, over the years, Barbies had more than 180 different careers, including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut. Her body shape hasn’t changed much. Last year, MATTEL, the company that makes Barbie dolls, added some Barbies to its line that have different skin tones and hair textures. There are now Barbies with 17 skin tones, 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles to choose from. Last year, MATTEL also gave Barbies a flat foot rather than forcing her to be “in heels” all the time like an original Barbie is. Now, they are introducing new Barbies with 3 slightly different body shapes, while the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold. In a statement on its website, the company says, it wants Barbies to look more like real people and to give girls everywhere, infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out the stories. （10）Although many people say the new Barbies are stepping in the right direction, some people say they don’t go far enough. They say the new Barbie shapes could be even more different from the original tall, thin Barbies. Sales of Barbie dolls have been falling every years since 2012, according to CBC news. （11）The toys aren’t in stores yet, but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99.
9. What do we know about the original Barbie dolls?
解析：A。问题为：对于最初版本的芭比娃娃，我们知道什么？根据原文所在句They are thin, tall, long-legged and virtually unlike any real human being可知，它们身形纤长，腿长苗条，看上去并不像真实的人类。选项A）They are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings跟原文表达几乎一模一样。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They do not reflect young girls' aspirations.
B、They are not sold together with the original.
C、Their flat feet do not appeal to adolescents.
D、Their body shapes have not changed much.
解析：
Passage One
Barbie dolls have a particular look to them. （9）They are thin, tall, long-legged and virtually unlike any real human being. Although, over the years, Barbies had more than 180 different careers, including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut. Her body shape hasn’t changed much. Last year, MATTEL, the company that makes Barbie dolls, added some Barbies to its line that have different skin tones and hair textures. There are now Barbies with 17 skin tones, 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles to choose from. Last year, MATTEL also gave Barbies a flat foot rather than forcing her to be “in heels” all the time like an original Barbie is. Now, they are introducing new Barbies with 3 slightly different body shapes, while the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold. In a statement on its website, the company says, it wants Barbies to look more like real people and to give girls everywhere, infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out the stories. （10）Although many people say the new Barbies are stepping in the right direction, some people say they don’t go far enough. They say the new Barbie shapes could be even more different from the original tall, thin Barbies. Sales of Barbie dolls have been falling every years since 2012, according to CBC news. （11）The toys aren’t in stores yet, but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99.
10. Why do some people feel unsatisfied with new Barbie dolls?
解析：D。问题为：为什么有些人对新的芭比娃娃不满意？根据原文所在句Although many people say the new Barbies are stepping in the right direction, some people say they don’t go far enough. They say the new Barbie shapes could be even more different from the original tall, thin Barbies可知，尽管许多人说新的芭比娃娃正步入正确的方向，但有些人认为他们做得还不够。他们说，新的芭比娃娃外形还可以与最初又高又瘦的芭比娃娃更加不同。也就是说，有人认为新版芭比娃娃在体型上变化不大。D）Their body shapes have not changed much（他们的体型没有多大变化）与原文一致。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、In toy stores.
B、In shopping malls.
C、On the Internet.
D、At Barbie shops.
解析：
Passage One
Barbie dolls have a particular look to them. （9）They are thin, tall, long-legged and virtually unlike any real human being. Although, over the years, Barbies had more than 180 different careers, including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut. Her body shape hasn’t changed much. Last year, MATTEL, the company that makes Barbie dolls, added some Barbies to its line that have different skin tones and hair textures. There are now Barbies with 17 skin tones, 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles to choose from. Last year, MATTEL also gave Barbies a flat foot rather than forcing her to be “in heels” all the time like an original Barbie is. Now, they are introducing new Barbies with 3 slightly different body shapes, while the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold. In a statement on its website, the company says, it wants Barbies to look more like real people and to give girls everywhere, infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out the stories. （10）Although many people say the new Barbies are stepping in the right direction, some people say they don’t go far enough. They say the new Barbie shapes could be even more different from the original tall, thin Barbies. Sales of Barbie dolls have been falling every years since 2012, according to CBC news. （11）The toys aren’t in stores yet, but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99.
11. Where will the new Barbie dolls be sold first?
解析：C。问题为：新的芭比娃娃将会在哪里首次出售？原文所在句：The toys aren’t in stores yet, but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99，说明它将会在网上销售。选项C）On the Internet（在网上）与原文一致。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Moveable metal type began to be used in printing.
B、Chinese printing technology was first introduced.
C、The earliest known book was published.
D、Metal type was imported from Korea.
解析：
Passage Two
The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the 15th century, （12）but it was in Germany around the year 1450, that a printing press using movable metal type was invented. Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry. Right from the start, book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines. （13）The biggest 16th century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had 24 printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers. Only a small fraction of the population was literate, but the production of books grew at an extraordinary speed. By 1500 some 20 million volumes had already been printed. （14）The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a hand-written form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that would sell very quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit.
Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice. （15）The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages. Most early books were printed in Latin, but the market for Latin was limited, and in its pursuit of larger markets, the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages, emerging at the time.
Printing indeed played the key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
12. What happened in Germany around the 1450?
解析：A。问题为：在1450年左右，德国发生了什么？根据原文所在句but it was in Germany around the year 1450, that a printing press using movable metal type was invented可知，但在1450年前后，使用金属活字技术的印刷机在德国问世了。A）Moveable metal type began to be used in printing（印刷界开始使用金属活字印刷）与原文表达意义一致。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It had more than a hundred printing presses.
B、It was the biggest printer in the 16th century.
C、It helped the German people become literate.
D、It produced some 20 million volumes in total.
解析：
Passage Two
The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the 15th century, （12）but it was in Germany around the year 1450, that a printing press using movable metal type was invented. Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry. Right from the start, book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines. （13）The biggest 16th century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had 24 printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers. Only a small fraction of the population was literate, but the production of books grew at an extraordinary speed. By 1500 some 20 million volumes had already been printed. （14）The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a hand-written form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that would sell very quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit.
Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice. （15）The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages. Most early books were printed in Latin, but the market for Latin was limited, and in its pursuit of larger markets, the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages, emerging at the time.
Printing indeed played the key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
13. What does the speaker say about the printer Plantin of Antwerp?
解析：B。问题为：关于印刷公司Plantin of Antwerp，讲话的人说了些什么？根据原文所在句The biggest 16th century printer, Plantin of Antwerp可知，它是16世纪最大的印刷公司。B）It was the biggest printer in the 16th century（它是16世纪最大的印刷公司）与原文信息一致。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It pushed handwritten books out of circulation
B、It boosted the circulation of popular works.
C、It make writing a very profitable career.
D、It provided readers with more choices.
解析：
Passage Two
The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the 15th century, （12）but it was in Germany around the year 1450, that a printing press using movable metal type was invented. Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry. Right from the start, book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines. （13）The biggest 16th century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had 24 printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers. Only a small fraction of the population was literate, but the production of books grew at an extraordinary speed. By 1500 some 20 million volumes had already been printed. （14）The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a hand-written form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that would sell very quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit.
Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice. （15）The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages. Most early books were printed in Latin, but the market for Latin was limited, and in its pursuit of larger markets, the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages, emerging at the time.
Printing indeed played the key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
14. What was the immediate effect of printing?
解析：B。问题为：印刷的直接效应是什么？根据原文所在句The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a hand-written form, while less popular works went out of circulation可知，印刷的直接结果是受欢迎的手写作品发行量加大，不受欢迎的作品则不再发行。B）It boosted the circulation of popular works（它刺激了受欢迎作品的发行）与原文表达意义一致。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It accelerated the extinction of the Latin language
B、It standardized the publication of grammar books.
C、It turned translation into a welcome profession.
D、It promoted the growth of national languages.
解析：
Passage Two
The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the 15th century, （12）but it was in Germany around the year 1450, that a printing press using movable metal type was invented. Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry. Right from the start, book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines. （13）The biggest 16th century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had 24 printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers. Only a small fraction of the population was literate, but the production of books grew at an extraordinary speed. By 1500 some 20 million volumes had already been printed. （14）The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a hand-written form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that would sell very quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit.
Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice. （15）The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages. Most early books were printed in Latin, but the market for Latin was limited, and in its pursuit of larger markets, the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages, emerging at the time.
Printing indeed played the key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
15. What was the great cultural impact of printing?
解析：D。问题为：印刷的重大文化影响是什么？根据原文所在句The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages可知，印刷的重大文化影响是促进民族语言的发展。D）It promoted the growth of national languages（促进了民族语言的发展）与原文表达意义一致。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They get bored after working for a period of time.
B、 They spend an average of one year finding a job.
C、 They become stuck in the same job for decades.
D、They choose a job without thinking it through.
解析：
Recording One
You dream about being a movie star. You’ll live in a big house in Hollywood, go to the Oscars every year—and win! You will be rich and famous. Wait a minute. You also hate having your photos taken and you are very shy. So how could you ever become a movie star? Choosing a right career can be hard. （16）Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine. But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. Your working life lasts an average of 40 years, so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.
Luckily, there are many ways you can get help to do this. The Australian website WWW. Careers online.com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. （17）The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best. If you are not a romantic person, you won’t want to see a love story. In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets and find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work and how to get a job in that profession.
So, how do you start? （18）Begin by asking yourself some questions. Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences. Have you travelled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates beside your degree? Such as a first aid license, for example? Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do. A person, for example, who is allergic to cats would probably never become an animal doctor. Flight attendants, firefighters and police officers have to be over a certain height and be physically fit. Your personality matters too. Are you outgoing or shy? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of team work might not suit you.
Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought. However, when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job, you will be glad you thought it through.
16. What does the speaker say about many college graduates?
解析：D。问题为：关于大学毕业生，讲话者说了什么？根据原文所在句Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what they want to do with their lives and get a job without really thinking about it可知，许多从学校或大学毕业的人不知道他们想去做什么，并且没有真正思考过这个问题就工作了。D)They choose a job without thinking it through（他们未经思考就选择了一份工作）符合原文信息。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、See if there will be chances for promotion.
B、Find out what job choices are available.
C、Watch a film about ways of job hunting.
D、Decide which job is most attractive to you.
解析：
Recording One
You dream about being a movie star. You’ll live in a big house in Hollywood, go to the Oscars every year—and win! You will be rich and famous. Wait a minute. You also hate having your photos taken and you are very shy. So how could you ever become a movie star? Choosing a right career can be hard. （16）Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine. But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. Your working life lasts an average of 40 years, so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.
Luckily, there are many ways you can get help to do this. The Australian website WWW. Careers online.com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. （17）The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best. If you are not a romantic person, you won’t want to see a love story. In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets and find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work and how to get a job in that profession.
So, how do you start? （18）Begin by asking yourself some questions. Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences. Have you travelled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates beside your degree? Such as a first aid license, for example? Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do. A person, for example, who is allergic to cats would probably never become an animal doctor. Flight attendants, firefighters and police officers have to be over a certain height and be physically fit. Your personality matters too. Are you outgoing or shy? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of team work might not suit you.
Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought. However, when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job, you will be glad you thought it through.
17. What does the Australian website suggest you do first to find a suitable job?
解析：B。问题为：为找合适工作，澳洲网站建议你首先做什么？根据原文所在句The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are可知，这个网站建议你应该用同样的做法对待你的职业，找出正在招聘的工作和你的选择。B）Find out what job choices are available（找出可能的工作选择）和原文一致。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The qualifications you have.
B、The pay you are going to get.
C、The culture of your target company.
D、The work environment you will be in.
解析：
Recording One
You dream about being a movie star. You’ll live in a big house in Hollywood, go to the Oscars every year—and win! You will be rich and famous. Wait a minute. You also hate having your photos taken and you are very shy. So how could you ever become a movie star? Choosing a right career can be hard. （16）Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine. But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. Your working life lasts an average of 40 years, so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.
Luckily, there are many ways you can get help to do this. The Australian website WWW. Careers online.com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. （17）The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best. If you are not a romantic person, you won’t want to see a love story. In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets and find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work and how to get a job in that profession.
So, how do you start? （18）Begin by asking yourself some questions. Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences. Have you travelled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates beside your degree? Such as a first aid license, for example? Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do. A person, for example, who is allergic to cats would probably never become an animal doctor. Flight attendants, firefighters and police officers have to be over a certain height and be physically fit. Your personality matters too. Are you outgoing or shy? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of team work might not suit you.
Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought. However, when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job, you will be glad you thought it through.
18. What should you think about when you look for the right job according to the Australian website?
解析：A。问题为：根据澳洲网站，当你找适合自己的工作时，你应该考虑什么？根据原文所在句Begin by asking yourself some questions, certain life experiences.由问自己一些问题和某些生活经历开始。下文直到这一段结束，都在问自己一些问题，其实总结下来就是资质和职位的匹配度。选项A）The qualifications you have（你的资质）和原文一致。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It is as important as Christmas for African-Americans.
B、It is a cultural festival founded for African-Americans.
C、It is an ancient festival celebrated by African-Americans.
D、It is a religious festival celebrated by African-Americans.
解析：
Recording 2
（19）Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds. It begins on December 26 and lasts for seven days.
（19）Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, a college professor and African-American leader, who believed that （20）a special holiday could help African-Americans meet their goals of building strong families, learning about their history, and creating a sense of unity.
After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or “first fruits” celebration, incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions. （21）Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning “the first fruits of the harvest.”
The East African language of Kiswahili was chosen as the official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language, spoken by a large portion of the African population. Also, its pronunciation is easy.
Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.
In preparation for the celebration, a straw mat is placed on the table, along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black, three red, and three green. The black candle represents the African-American people, the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for the future.
Other items placed on the table are a variety of fruit, ears of corns, gifts, and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks.
Each day of Kwanzaa, usually before the evening meal, family and friends gather around the table and someone lights a candle, beginning with the black. After that, candles are lit alternately from left to right. （22）While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself.
Next the ceremony focuses on remembering those who have died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying “Harambee” which means “Let’s all pull together.” All repeat “Harambee!” seven times and each person drinks from the cup. Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by a meal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.
19. What does the speaker say about Kwanzaa?
解析：B。问题为：关于宽扎节，讲话人说了些什么？根据原文所在句Kwanzaa is a cultural festival, during which African-American celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of the two worlds可知，宽扎节是一个文化节日，在此期间，非洲裔美国人庆祝、纪念生死两界所产生的丰富遗产。由Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, a college professor and African-American leader可知，宽扎节是由Dr. Karenga，一个大学教授兼非洲裔美国领导人在1966年创立的。B）It is a cultural festival founded for African-Americans（这个节日是为非洲裔美国人创立的）符合题意。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、To urge African-Americans to do more for society.
B、To call on African-Americans to worship their gods.
C、To help African-Americans to realize their goals.
D、To remind African-Americans of their sufferings.
解析：
Recording 2
（19）Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds. It begins on December 26 and lasts for seven days.
（19）Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, a college professor and African-American leader, who believed that （20）a special holiday could help African-Americans meet their goals of building strong families, learning about their history, and creating a sense of unity.
After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or “first fruits” celebration, incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions. （21）Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning “the first fruits of the harvest.”
The East African language of Kiswahili was chosen as the official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language, spoken by a large portion of the African population. Also, its pronunciation is easy.
Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.
In preparation for the celebration, a straw mat is placed on the table, along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black, three red, and three green. The black candle represents the African-American people, the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for the future.
Other items placed on the table are a variety of fruit, ears of corns, gifts, and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks.
Each day of Kwanzaa, usually before the evening meal, family and friends gather around the table and someone lights a candle, beginning with the black. After that, candles are lit alternately from left to right. （22）While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself.
Next the ceremony focuses on remembering those who have died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying “Harambee” which means “Let’s all pull together.” All repeat “Harambee!” seven times and each person drinks from the cup. Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by a meal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.
20. For what purpose did Dr. Karenga create the special holiday?
解析：C。问题为：Dr. Karenga为什么创立了这个特别的节假日？根据原文所在句who believed that a special holiday could help African Americans meet their goals of building strong families, learning about their history and creating a sense of unity.可知，创立节日的人相信一个特殊的节日能够帮助非洲裔的美国人实现建立强大家园，了解伟大历史，创造凝聚力的目标。C）To help African-Americans to realize their goals（为了帮助非洲裔美国人实现他们的目标）是对原文的概括。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Faith in self-determination.
B、The first fruits of the harvest.
C、Unity and cooperative economics.
D、Creative work and achievement.
解析：
Recording 2
（19）Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds. It begins on December 26 and lasts for seven days.
（19）Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, a college professor and African-American leader, who believed that （20）a special holiday could help African-Americans meet their goals of building strong families, learning about their history, and creating a sense of unity.
After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or “first fruits” celebration, incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions. （21）Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning “the first fruits of the harvest.”
The East African language of Kiswahili was chosen as the official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language, spoken by a large portion of the African population. Also, its pronunciation is easy.
Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.
In preparation for the celebration, a straw mat is placed on the table, along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black, three red, and three green. The black candle represents the African-American people, the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for the future.
Other items placed on the table are a variety of fruit, ears of corns, gifts, and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks.
Each day of Kwanzaa, usually before the evening meal, family and friends gather around the table and someone lights a candle, beginning with the black. After that, candles are lit alternately from left to right. （22）While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself.
Next the ceremony focuses on remembering those who have died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying “Harambee” which means “Let’s all pull together.” All repeat “Harambee!” seven times and each person drinks from the cup. Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by a meal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.
21. What does the word Kwanzaa mean?
解析：B。问题为：“宽扎节”这个词代表什么？根据原文所在句Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning “the first fruits of the harvest可知，“宽扎”表示收获的第一批果实。B）The first fruits of the harvest（收获的第一批果实）和原文完全一致。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They recite a principle.
B、They take a solemn oath.
C、They drink wind from the unity cup.
D、They call out their ancestors' names.
解析：
Recording 2
（19）Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds. It begins on December 26 and lasts for seven days.
（19）Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, a college professor and African-American leader, who believed that （20）a special holiday could help African-Americans meet their goals of building strong families, learning about their history, and creating a sense of unity.
After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or “first fruits” celebration, incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions. （21）Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning “the first fruits of the harvest.”
The East African language of Kiswahili was chosen as the official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language, spoken by a large portion of the African population. Also, its pronunciation is easy.
Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.
In preparation for the celebration, a straw mat is placed on the table, along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black, three red, and three green. The black candle represents the African-American people, the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for the future.
Other items placed on the table are a variety of fruit, ears of corns, gifts, and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks.
Each day of Kwanzaa, usually before the evening meal, family and friends gather around the table and someone lights a candle, beginning with the black. After that, candles are lit alternately from left to right. （22）While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself.
Next the ceremony focuses on remembering those who have died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying “Harambee” which means “Let’s all pull together.” All repeat “Harambee!” seven times and each person drinks from the cup. Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by a meal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.
22. What do people do while each candle is being lit at the Kwanzaa celebration?
解析：A。问题为：在庆祝宽扎节时，当每根蜡烛都被点燃时，人们会做些什么？根据原文所在句While the candles is being lit, a principal is recited; then each person present takes turn to speak about the importance that the principle has to himself or herself可知，当蜡烛被点燃时，大家诵读一条准则，然后每个人轮流谈论这条准则对于他或她的价值。A）They recite a principle（他们背诵一条准则），与原文相一致。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It is one of the world's most healthy diets.
B、It contains large amounts of dairy products.
C、It began to impact the world in recent years.
D、It consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.
解析：
Recording 3
The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region. Several noted nutritionists in research projects have concluded that （23）this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer and increasing life expectancy. The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet, as do Morocco, and Tunisia in North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria, the Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost a year round that people eat many times a day. Wine, bread, olive oil and nuts are other staples of the region, and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish. International interest in therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s. When medical researchers started to link the occurance of heart disease with diet, Dr. Ancel Keys performed the epidemiological analysis of diets around the world. （24）Entitled “the Seven Countries Study”, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. In it, Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands and the United States. The study was conducted over a period of decades. It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. （25）The Mediterranean groups have lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to 40% of all its calories from fat. It has, however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amount of unsaturated fat, mostly in form of olive oil. Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products, although some nuts and vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol, and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease.
23. What has research concluded about the Mediterranean diet?
解析：A。问题为：研究总结出有关于地中海饮食的什么结论？根据原文所在句this diet is one of the most healthful in the world可知，地中海饮食是世界上最为健康的饮食之一。A）It is one of the world’s most healthy diets.与原文信息匹配。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It involved 13,000 researchers from Asia, Europe and America.
B、It was conducted in seven Mid-Eastern countries in the 1950s.
C、It is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.
D、It has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.
解析：
Recording 3
The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region. Several noted nutritionists in research projects have concluded that （23）this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer and increasing life expectancy. The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet, as do Morocco, and Tunisia in North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria, the Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost a year round that people eat many times a day. Wine, bread, olive oil and nuts are other staples of the region, and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish. International interest in therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s. When medical researchers started to link the occurance of heart disease with diet, Dr. Ancel Keys performed the epidemiological analysis of diets around the world. （24）Entitled “the Seven Countries Study”, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. In it, Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands and the United States. The study was conducted over a period of decades. It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. （25）The Mediterranean groups have lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to 40% of all its calories from fat. It has, however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amount of unsaturated fat, mostly in form of olive oil. Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products, although some nuts and vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol, and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease.
24. What do we learn about the Seven Countries Study?
解析：C。问题为：七国研究中，我们能够得出什么？根据原文所在句Entitled “the Seven Countries Study”, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed可知，在这7个国家的研究中，它被认为是同类研究中最伟大的研究之一。C选项是原文的同义转述。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They care much about their health.
B、They eat foods with little fat.
C、They use little oil in cooking.
D、They have lower mortality rates.
解析：
Recording 3
The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region. Several noted nutritionists in research projects have concluded that （23）this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer and increasing life expectancy. The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet, as do Morocco, and Tunisia in North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria, the Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost a year round that people eat many times a day. Wine, bread, olive oil and nuts are other staples of the region, and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish. International interest in therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s. When medical researchers started to link the occurance of heart disease with diet, Dr. Ancel Keys performed the epidemiological analysis of diets around the world. （24）Entitled “the Seven Countries Study”, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. In it, Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands and the United States. The study was conducted over a period of decades. It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. （25）The Mediterranean groups have lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to 40% of all its calories from fat. It has, however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amount of unsaturated fat, mostly in form of olive oil. Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products, although some nuts and vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol, and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease.
25. What do we learn about the Mediterranean people from the Seven Countries Study?
解析：D。问题为：从七国研究中，我们能知道有关地中海居民的哪些信息？根据原文所在句The Mediterranean groups have lower mortality rates in all age brackets in form of all causes particularly from heart disease可知，在所有疾病尤其是心脏病引起的死亡中，地中海地区的所有年龄段的死亡率都较低。D）They have lower mortality rates（他们的死亡率较低）与原文表达意义一致。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
In the past 12 months, Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa's largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.
The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of (26)_____. The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by (27)_____ on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks.It (28)_____ incredibly quickly, breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed to have (29)_____ in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.
In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are devastating. Retail prices for a (30)_____ of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0.50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has (31) _____ production due to the shortages.
Given the moth’s ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria’s minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may “create serious problems for food (32) _____ ” in the country. Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest's damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely (33)_____ until now.
Despite being the continent’s second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is (34)_____ on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further (35)_____ in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.
26、(1)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：
名词
emergency紧急情况
multitude众多；群众；人群
reduction减少
security安全
terror恐怖
handful少数，一把
动词
embarking从事，着手
reproduce复制，再生
originated起源，发起
halted停止
feeding喂养
grazes放牧；擦伤
形容词
dependent依靠的，从属的
unchecked未经核对的
untouched未受影响的；未触动过的
26. 解析：emergency。名词辨析题。空格前是of，后面作为of的宾语，因此应填入名词。备选项有multitude众多；群众；人群；reduction减少；security安全；terror恐怖；handful少数，一把。根据上文，昆虫危害了80%的农场，因而这里应该是形容情况的紧急。
27. 解析：feeding。动词辨析题。空格位于by之后，空后有介词on，可见此处应填入动名词，与digging并列。备选项有embarking从事，着手；feeding喂养。embark on表示“开始，着手”，不符合句意；feed on表示“以……为生”，符合句意，为正确答案。
28. 解析：reproduces。动词辨析题。空格处应填入动词，主语为it，应填入第三人称单数。备选项有reproduces复制，再生；grazes放牧；擦伤。从后文breeding up（繁殖）可知，此处应填入reproduce。
29. 解析：originated。动词辨析题。空前为助动词have，空处应填入动词过去分词与后文spread并列。备选项有originated起源，发起；halted停止。根据语义，应为起源于南美，之后扩散到欧洲和撒哈拉以南的非洲，故填入originated。
30.解析：handful。名词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a，空处应填入可数名词单数，备选项有multitude众多；群众；人群；reduction减少；terror恐怖；handful少数，一把。结合句意：当地市场中购买____番茄的零售价格已经从0.5美元上涨到2.5美元。应该是购买“几个”，a handful of表示“少量”。
31. 解析：halted。动词辨析题。空格前有助动词has，空后为宾语production，空处应填入动词过去分词，只有halted一个备选项。
32. 解析：security 。名词辨析题。空格前是名词，名词可以修饰名词，空格处应填入名词。备选项有multitude众多；群众；人群；reduction减少；security安全；terror恐怖。只有food security（食品安全）能够搭配。
33. 解析：unchecked。形容词辨析题，空前为副词largely，空处应填形容词，备选项有：dependent依靠的，从属的；unchecked未经验证的；untouched未受影响的；未触动过的。原句意思说：专家们正在研究如何控制虫害并防止它传播，而结果还____，此处“未经验证”符合原文意思。
34. 解析：dependent。形容词辨析题。空格前是be动词，空格处应该填入形容词。备选项有dependent依靠的，从属的；untouched未受影响的；未触动过的。由于空后有介词on，untouched不与on搭配，dependent on表示“依赖”。这句话意思是，尼日利亚每年依赖价值一百万的进口番茄酱。
35. 解析：reduction。 名词辨析题。空格前是量词加形容词，所以此处应该填入可数名词的单数。备选项有multitude众多；群众；人群；reduction减少；terror恐怖。本句话意思为：本地供应的____会成为这个行业另一个不利因素。前文一直在说番茄减产，此处应该填入“减少”。
27、(2)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、terror
B、emergency
C、reduction
D、dependent
E、embarking
F、handful
G、unchecked
H、reproduces
I、multitude
J、feeding
K、security
L、originated
M、grazes
N、untouched
O、halted
解析：见上一题！
Who's really addicting you to Technology?
【A】 “Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the internet,” wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction
【B】There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty disconnecting. Many of us, like Schwartz, struggle to stay focused on tasks that require more concentration than it takes to post a status update. As one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article, I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.
【C】There’s something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it’s important to understand what we're dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.
【D】The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.
【E】Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipulation-making，products so good that people can't stop using them. After studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. Since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make. It's no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.
【F】However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check. According to Adam Marchick, CEO of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smart phone users ever bother to adjust their notification settings—meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.
【G】While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. This system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all. We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.
【H】Your friends are also responsible. Think about this familiar scene. People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.
【I】Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝）-loudly. Everyone notices unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don't we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.
【J】The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone, other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.
【K】The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing ) these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny—the person holding the phone.
【L】I have a confession. even though I study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so I began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when I discovered an uncomfortable truth. I use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. When I faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. I could easily escape discomfort, temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, I finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination (拖延）.
【M】It's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates debated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things against our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds, if we weren't on our devices. We'd likely do similarly unproductive.
【N】Personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.
【O】These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that's responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.
36、36. Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：36. Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.
