一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They were all good at cooking.
B、They were particular about food.
C、They were proud of their cuisine.
D、They were fond of bacon and eggs.
解析：
听力原文
M: Guess what? The worst food I’ve ever had was in France.
W: Really? That’s odd. I thought the French were all good cooks.
M: Yes. That’s right. I suppose it’s really like anywhere else, though. You know, some places are good. Some bad. But it’s really all our own fault.
W: What do you mean?
M: Well, it was the first time I’d been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. I went there with my parents’ friends, from my father’s school. They’d hired a coach to take them to Switzerland.
W: A school trip?
M: Right. Most of them had never been abroad before. We’d crossed the English Channel at night, and we set off through France, and breakfast time arrived, and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little café. There we all were, tired and hungry, and then we made the great discovery.
W: What was that?
M: Bacon and eggs.
W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.
M: Yes. Anyway, we didn’t know any better—so we had it, and ugh...!
W: What was it like? Disgusting?
M: Oh, it was incredible! They just got a bowl and put some fat in it. And then they put some bacon in the fat, broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes.
W: In the oven! You’re joking. You can’t cook bacon and eggs in the oven!
M: Well, they must have done it that way. It was hot, but it wasn’t cooked. There was just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon.
W: Did you actually eat it?
M: No! Nobody did. They all wanted to turn round and go home, you know, back to teabags and fish and chips. You can’t blame them really. Anyway, the next night we were all given another foreign speciality.
W: What was that?
M: Snails. That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was!
1. What did the woman think of the French？
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：对于法国，女士有什么样的想法？原文：W: Really? That’s odd. I thought the French were all good cooks.女士认为很奇怪，她以为法国人都是好厨师。选项A) They were all good at cooking（他们擅长烹饪），与文中信息完全一致，其他选项的干扰性较弱。The French were all good cooks. 根据原文直接就能确定答案。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、His parents.
B、His friends.
C、His schoolmates.
D、His parents’ friends.
解析：
2. Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：男士第一次去瑞士的旅行，是和谁一起？原文所在句：M: Well, it was the first time I’d been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. I went there with my parents’ friends, from my father’s school. They’d hired a coach to take them to Switzerland。他第一次去法国，还是几年前在学校的时候，他和父母的朋友一起，从他爸爸的学校出发，他们租了一辆长途汽车去瑞士。选项D) His parents’ friends，与原文信息完全一致。此题目较简单，仍旧是根据原文直接定位。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、No tea was served with the meal.
B、It was the real English breakfast.
C、No one of the group ate it.
D、It was a little overcooked.
解析：
3. What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French Café？
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：对于法国小咖啡厅的早餐，男士有什么样的看法？原文所在句：W: Did you actually eat it? M: No! Nobody did. They all wanted to turn round and go home, you know, back to teabags and fish and chips.女士问男士是否吃了早餐，男士表示没有一个人吃，大家都想转身离开，想回家。
选项C) No one of the group ate it与该信息一致。此题目需要同学们掌握简单的日常口语并理解对话的含义。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It was full of excitement.
B、It was really extraordinary.
C、It was a risky experience.
D、It was rather disappointing.
解析：
4.What did the man think of his holiday in France？
解析：D。本题目为推理题。问题为：对于在法国的假期，男士有什么样的看法？原文所在句：M: Snails. That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was! 男士表示蜗牛彻底把他们打败了，这假期真是“赞”极了！如果根据选项后半句字面含义，会错误地理解为假期很棒。但是这句话其实是反语，从对鸡蛋培根等生食的恶心，到对蜗牛晚餐的不可思议，男士都表现出难以置信和厌恶的态度。因此，选项D) It was rather disappointing（极其失望）是四个选项当中明显表达负面态度的选项，与文章基调最一致。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The woman’s relationship with other shops.
B、The business success of the woman’s shop.
C、The key to running a shop at a low cost.
D、The woman’s earnings over the years.
解析：
听力原文
M: You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what “doing well” means in facts and figures?
W: Well, “doing well” means averaging ￡1,200 or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And “doing well” means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year, we hope to do more than 60,000. So, that’s good if we continue to rise.
M: Now, that’s gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?
W: Yes, that’s gross. The expenses, of course, go up steadily. And since we’ve moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly, because it’s a much bigger shop. So I couldn’t say exactly what our expenses are. They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high. Commercially speaking, it’s fairly low, and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.
M: And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?
W: Perhaps a lot of them don’t realize how well we are doing, because we don’t make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make. But we are on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it’s a nice friendly relationship. Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn’t be so friendly.
5. What are the speakers mainly talk about？
解析：B。本题目为主旨题。问题为：对话者主要说了什么？原文所在句：M: You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what “doing well” means in facts and figures?（你说你的商店做的挺好，可以给我们提供一些事实和数据来展示一下这个“挺好”吗？）文章随后的对话都在谈论数据和一些经营事实来讲述女士在商业上的成功。因此，选项B) The business success of the woman’s shop（女士的商店的成功），与对话主题完全一致。一般长对话的首句会把对话的主旨提出来，之后的聊天内容围绕着开头的主旨句展开。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Improve its customer service.
B、Expand its business scale.
C、Keep down its expenses.
D、Upgrade the goods it sells.
解析：
6. What does the woman say her shop tries to do？
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：女士说她的商店尝试做什么？原文所在句：Commercially speaking, it’s fairly low, and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.可见女士尝试尽他们所能降低开支。文章第一个话题是毛收入，第二个话题转向了开支的问题，女士表示在开支方面尝试去尽可能减少。选项C) Keep down its expenses（降低花费开支），与该信息完全一致。其他选项属于无中生有，对话没有提到，因此较好排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.
B、They are very popular with the local residents.
C、They are delivered free of charge.
D、They are in great demand.
解析：
7. What do we learn about the goods at the woman’s shop?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于女士商店所卖的货品，我们能知道什么？原文所在句：M: And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?女士的商店的商品价格和其他周围的店铺相比要低很多。男士问当地其他店主会怎么想，因为她的店在他们中间做得很好。选项A) They are sold at lower prices than in other shops，与文中信息完全一致。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.
B、To attract more customers in the neighborhood.
C、To avoid being put out of business in competition.
D、To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.
解析：
8. Why doesn’t the woman want to make known their earnings anymore?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：为什么女士不想让自己的营业额为人所知？原文所在句：Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn’t be so friendly。也许如果其他店主知道了女士的商店挣了多少，他们就不会如此友善了。选项D) To maintain friendly relationships with other shops（想要和其他商店保持友好的关系），与该句传递出的信息相一致。文章尾段讲述了大量的内容，当地一个商店店主得知女士的商店收入很高的时候，不太高兴，不再像以前那样友好了。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.
B、They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.
C、They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.
D、They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.
解析：
听力原文
Birds are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages. Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride. Canadian scientists have found a worrisome new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live. Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle.
The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food. When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.
Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind. Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals. To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds. The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they’re out on the ocean. People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. The birds don’t mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.
9. What have the Canadian scientists found about some sea birds？
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于海鸟，加拿大的科学家发现了什么？原文所在句：Canadian scientists have found a worrisome… Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.加拿大科学家发现了一些令人担忧的情况，北上加拿大北极地区的海鸟，会携带危险的海洋里的化学物质，并且将这些危险物质带到它们所居住的池塘。选项B) They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites与文中信息相一致。选项与原文的关键词替换处为nesting sites与where the birds live，二者均表示鸟的栖息地。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.
B、They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.
C、They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.
D、They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.
解析：
10. What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于一种叫管鼻鹱的海鸟，作者说了什么？原文所在句：The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food. 管鼻鹱在海上飞行约400千米去寻找食物。选项C) They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.完全的一致。此题目需要听到文章中的fulmar（关键词），并与问题中的关键词匹配，从而直接选出正确选项。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They were carried by the wind.
B、They had become more poisonous.
C、They were less than on the continent.
D、They poisoned some of the fulmars.
解析：
11. What does scientists previously noticed about the pollutants in the artic?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于北极圈污染物的情况，作者之前有什么样的发现？原文所在句：Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.此前，科学家注意到北极圈的污染物来自风的传播。与选项A) They were carried by the wind与文中这一信息完全一致。此题目需要听到文章中的preciously（关键词），并与问题中的关键词匹配。同时，选项的关键词wind与原文一致。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.
B、The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.
C、The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.
D、The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.
解析：
12. What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话人在讲话最后提出了什么警告？原文所在句：People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. The birds don’t mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems. 研究者说，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、捕猎和捕鱼的人需要特别注意，虽然海鸟不是故意造成伤害，但它们所携带的化学物质会引发大问题。选项C) The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans（北极圈海鸟可能给人类带来伤害），与文中这一信息完全一致。选项B、D可直接排除，均属于无中生有。选项A属于因果倒置，A说人类对海鸟造成了威胁，实际上讲话最后想表达是海鸟携带的化学物质对人类有伤害。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has decreased.
B、It has been exaggerated.
C、It has become better understood.
D、It has remained basically the same.
解析：
听力原文
In recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older—has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2008 to 2014.
The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing. In 2000, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer’s disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians. One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer’s disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer. People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer’s which affects the mind and cognitive function. In other words, it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do. On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000 to 4.1 percent in 2014. That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.
Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up. In 2014, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2000. But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing—18,434 centenarians died in 2000, whereas 25,914 died in 2014.
13. What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于近些年美国百岁老人死亡风险，讲话人说了什么？原文所在句：In recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older—has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2008 to 2014.近年来，美国百岁老人（寿命在100岁及以上）死亡率降低了，在2008年到2014年间，女性降低了14%，男性降低了20个百分点。选项A) It has decreased，与文中这一信息完全一致。此题目要求同学们不要盲目记录数字，而要抓住数字所反映的关键信息。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged.
B、It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.
C、It has had no effective cure so far.
D、It calls for more intensive research.
解析：
14. What does the speaker say about Alzheimer’s disease?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于阿尔茨海默病，作者说了什么？原文所在句：But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer’s disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.到2014年，阿尔茨海默病所引发百岁老人的死亡率增加了一倍，从3.8%升至8.5%，这使得进行性脑病成为了百岁老人死亡的第二大原因。选项B) It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians（它是如今百岁老人死亡的第二大原因），与文中信息完全一致。同上题，此题目要求同学们不要盲目记录数字，而是跳过数据关注句子主要含义。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They care more about their physical health.
B、Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.
C、Their minds fall before their bodies do.
D、They cherish their life more than ever.
解析：
15. What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：活到100岁及以上的老人的特征是什么？原文所在句：People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer’s which affects the mind and cognitive function.人们身体上足够健康活到100岁，但是最终抵不过影响我们心理和认知功能的阿尔茨海默病。选项C) Their minds fall before their bodies do（他们的心智比身体先衰老），与文中信息一致。此题目难度较大，需要听懂原文长难句作答，也可使用排除法。B选项“生活的质量”、D选项“珍惜生活”，在文中都没有提到。A选项只提到了身体健康，属于信息缺失。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are focused more on attraction than love.
B、They were done by his former colleague at Yale.
C、They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.
D、They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.
解析：
听力原文
Okay. So let’s get started. And to start things off, I think what we need to do is consider a definition. I’m going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I’m going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And I’m going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years. And he has a theory of love that argues that it’s made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you don’t have love if you don’t have all three of these elements. Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don’t share with anybody else. Okay. That’s really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn’t shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction. And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship. The third element of love in Sternberg’s theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time. Sternberg would argue it’s not love if you don’t call it love and if you don’t have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg’s theory you have love. Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three. What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What’s interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully. So what I’ve done is I’ve taken Sternberg’s three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I’ve listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.
16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话人关于其讲话中提到的绝大多数实验，说了什么？原文所在句：I’m going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I’m going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.讲话人要给爱情下个定义，但是他要谈论的实验，其研究内容较之爱情更关注吸引力。选项A) They are focused more on attraction than love（和爱情相比，研究更关注吸引力），与文中信息一致。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.
B、Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.
C、It is not love if you don’t wish to maintain the relationship.
D、Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.
解析：
17. What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于爱情，Robert Sternberg提到了什么？原文所在句：Sternberg would argue it’s not love if you don’t call it love and if you don’t have some desire to maintain the relationship.斯滕伯格认为，如果你认为那不是爱情以及你没有想维持这段关系的愿望的话，这就不是爱情。选项C) It is not love if you don’t wish to maintain the relationship，与原文含义最一致。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Which of them is considered most important.
B、Whether it is true love without commitment.
C、When the absence of any one doesn’t affect the relationship.
D、How the relationship is to be defined if anyone is missing.
解析：
18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg’s three elements of love?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：基于Robert Sternberg的爱情三元理论，讲话人认为什么是有趣的？原文所在句： Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three.这个理论比较有趣的一点是，假如你只有三个因素中的一个因素或者两个因素，那么会怎么样？选项D) How the relationship is to be defined if anyone is missing（如果任何一个元素缺失，这段关系会被定义成什么？）与原文含义最为一致。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Social work as a profession.
B、The history of social work.
C、Academic degrees required of social work applicants.
D、The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.
解析：
听力原文
Hi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers. Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker.
Social work is the helping profession. Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a person’s situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary. In thousands of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every background, across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions. There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor’s degree, a master’s degree, or a PhD in social work. There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined. Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work, and the many ways that social workers help others. Later in this series, you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to. The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country. Our mission is to promote, protect, and advance the social work profession. We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker. Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.
19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
解析：A。本题目为主旨题。问题为：讲话人主要说了什么？原文所在句：Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession.今天讲话人将会讨论如何成为一个社会工作者。社会工作是一项提供帮助的职业。选项A) Social work as a profession（社会工作这一职业），与讲话主旨相符。本题目较简单，原文内容在选项中重现，需要同学们关注文章开头提到的信息。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They try to change people’s social behavior.
B、They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.
C、They raise people’s awareness of the environment.
D、They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.
解析：
20. What do social workers mainly do?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：社会工作者的主要工作内容是什么？原文所在句：Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.社会工作主要的使命是增强人们的幸福感并且帮助满足所有人基本需求，尤其关注那些弱势的、被压迫的和生活贫困的人。选项B) They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged（帮助加强社会底层的幸福感），与文中信息一致。本题目出题点位置较明显，在强调处，难点在于原文中出现了长难句。但是其他选项的关键词在文中没有出现，因此干扰性较弱。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have all received strict clinical training.
B、They all have an academic degree in social work.
C、They are all members of the National Association.
D、They have all made a difference through their work.
解析：
21. What do professional social workers have in common, according to the speaker?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话者认为，专业的社会工作者的共同之处是什么？原文所在句：There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor’s degree, a master’s degree, or a PhD in Social Work. 全国有超过60万的专业的社会工作者，并且他们都有社会工作专业的学士学位、硕士学位或博士学位。选项B) They all have an academic degree in social work（他们都有社会工作专业的学位），与文中信息相一致。此题目其他选项干扰性较强。A选项的clinical training（临床训练）和C选项的National Association（联合组织）在原文中均出现过，易形成干扰。但若抓住题目中的professional social workers in common能在原文中快速定位。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The promotion of social workers’ social status.
B、The importance of training for social workers.
C、Ways for social workers to meet people’s needs.
D、Social workers’ job options and responsibilities.
解析：
22. What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：Mel Wilson在系列讲座将会讨论什么？原文所在句：Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to。选项D) Social workers’ job options and responsibilities（社会工作者的工作选择和职责），与文中信息一致。本题抓住关键词Mel Wilson，可较快选出正确答案。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、To fight childhood obesity.
B、To help disadvantaged kids.
C、To encourage kids to play more sports.
D、To urge kids to follow their role models.
解析：
听力原文
Today, I’d like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits, but at the same time, promote junk food. Currently, there’s mounting criticism of Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move!” campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyoncé and basketball player Shaquille O’Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Now there’s a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity—especially a professional athlete—can be in influencing children’s behavior. In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involved sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands. Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder. Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories. It’s no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children’s eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children’s environment. Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online. And in 2010, the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults. One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing. We can’t expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar. At best, kids might be confused. At worst, they’ll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water, but those two beverages aren’t the same. If children are turning to athletes as role models, it’s in their best interest if their idols are consistent. Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.
23. What is the aim of Michelle Obama’s campaign?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：米歇尔·奥巴马的活动的目标是什么？原文所在句：Currently, there’s mounting criticism of Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move!” campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and…可见，对于米歇尔·奥巴马的“让我们行动起来”活动出现了很多的批评之声，这项活动旨在通过鼓励年轻人更多地参与体育活动来战胜肥胖。选项A) To fight childhood obesity，与之相符。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They best boost product sales when put online.
B、They are most effective when appearing on TV.
C、They are becoming more and more prevalent.
D、They impress kids more than they do adults.
解析：
24. What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于以职业运动员为特色的广告，调查有什么发现？原文所在句：Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online. And in 2010, the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.职业运动员为卖点的广告和他们所代言的产品倾向于在电视、广播、印刷刊物和网上大量曝光。2010年，调查报告显示，12到17岁的孩子比成年人会看更多的运动员代言的食品和饮料的广告。选项D) They impress kids more than they do adults（和成年人相比，这些广告更受孩子的青睐），与文中信息完全一致。正确选项所在句是长难句，因此在理解上有难度，同时干扰选项的关键词在原文中也出现过，因此本题难度较大。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Always place kids’ interest first.
B、Do what they advocate in public.
C、Message positive behaviors at all times.
D、Pay attention to their image before children.
解析：
25. What does the speaker think kids’ idols should do?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：作者认为孩子的偶像应该怎么做？原文所在句：If children are turning to athletes as role models, it’s in their best interest if their idols are consistent. Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.如果孩子们将运动员作为自己的标杆，他们的偶像应该保持言行一致才能带来最大效益，传递出的信息若与积极的行为一致将展示出更健康的生活方式，使得孩子们去效仿。选项C) Message positive behaviors at all times（应时刻传达积极的行为），与文中信息完全一致。录音介绍了“让我们行动起来”这项运动受到众人诟病的原因：与肥胖作斗争活动的倡导形象大使，会代言一些导致肥胖的食品，这样言行不一致，使得孩子不能有效减肥。此题同时涉及较多长难句，需要同学们在平时多多练习，加强长难句听力理解的能力。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
The tree people in the Lord of the Rings—the Ents—can get around by walking. But for real trees, it’s harder to uproot. Because they’re literally rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go (26)_____.
When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it’s likely that the (27)_____ envelope—the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns and so on—suits it. Otherwise, it would be unable to grow from a seedling. But as it (28)_____, these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its (29)_____.
When that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely (30)_____ on so-called “scatter hoarders”, such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities. Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they (31)_____ retrieve. When the birds forget to retrieve their food—and they do sometimes—a seedling has a chance to grow. The bird Clark’s nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic (共生的) relationship with several pine species, most (32)_____ the white bark pine.
As trees outgrow their ideal (33)_____ in the face of climate change, these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help in (34)_____ trees. It’s a solution for us—getting birds to do the work is cheap and effective—and it could give (35)_____ oaks and pines the option to truly “make like a tree and leave”.
26、(1)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：
名词：
novel小说
potential潜力
predators食肉动物
species物种
varieties多样性
volunteers志愿者
动词：
classified把……分类
identified识别
referred提到，谈到
volunteers自愿
形容词：
exotic异国风情的
inherent内在的
marine海洋的
novel新颖的
potential潜在的
副词：
consciously有意识地
dramatically显著地
specifically特定地，专门地
26. elsewhere
解析：副词辨析题。空格前是不及物动词go，可知空格处填副词。备选项有elsewhere（其他地方），exclusively（专门地），forever（永远），notably（引人注目地），subsequently（随后）。从句意来说，go是“去”，故应填elsewhere表示“去其他地方”。
27. climatic
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是the，后面是envelope，可知空格处填形容词。备选项有climatic（气候的），fruitful（硕果累累的），vulnerable（脆弱的、易受影响的）。再从句意来讲，空格后面有破折号，破折号起解释说明的作用。破折号后面的词是temperature（温度）、humidity（湿度）、rainfall（降雨），可知跟气候有关，故应填climatic。
28. ages
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是it，后面是逗号，可知空格处填谓语动词，而且主语是it，谓语应是三单形式。再从句意上来看，“但是随着它……，这些条件可能变化……”，故应填ages，表示“长大，变老”。
29. offspring
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是its，空格后是句号，可知空格处填名词。备选项有breathing（呼吸），habitats（栖息地），legacy（遗产），offspring（后代）。再从句意上看，“这些地方不再合适对于它的……”，看名词选项，只有offspring合适。
30. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格前是rely，空格后是on，可知空格处填副词，副词修饰动词。备选项有exclusively（专门地），forever（永远），notably（引人注目地），subsequently（随后）。再从句意上来讲，条件改变，环境不再适合其后代生长，这是树木后代生存仅剩的一个选择了，故应填exclusively（专门地）。
31. subsequently
解析：副词辨析题。空格前是they，空格后是retrieve，可知空格处填副词。备选项有forever（永远），notably（引人注目地），subsequently（随后）。再看副词所在句的句意，“许多鸟喜欢为冬天储存食物，它们……取回”，句中行为存在一种先后关系，故应填subsequently。
32. notably
解析：副词辨析题。空格前逗号前面句子完整，空格处所在部分是句子的状语成分。空格前是most，空格后是the white bark pine，可知空格处填副词或者形容词。备选项有forever（永远），notably（引人注目地），fruitful（硕果累累的），vulnerable（脆弱的、易受影响的）。再根据句意，the white bark pine 是前面 several pine species 的一个例子，故应填 notably。
33. habitats
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是ideal，空格后是in，可知空格处填名词。备选项有breathing（呼吸），habitats（栖息地），legacy（遗产）。再根据句意，面对气候变化，树不再适应它们理想的……，故应填habitats。
34. replanting
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是a big help in，后面是trees，可知空格处填doing形式，a big help in doing sth.。备选项有breathing（呼吸），replanting（重栽），withdraws（撤回、取钱）。再根据句意，空格处应跟树木相关，故应填replanting。
35. vulnerable
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是give，空格后是oaks，可知空格处填形容词。备选项有fruitful（硕果累累的），vulnerable（脆弱的、易受影响的）。再根据句意，此句讲述的是周围环境不适合生长的树木如何延续后代，可知此空应填vulnerable。
27、(2)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、habitats
B、legacy
C、exclusively
D、vulnerable
E、elsewhere
F、forever
G、withdraws
H、replanting
I、subsequently
J、notably
K、fruitful
L、climatic
M、ages
N、offspring
O、breathing
解析：见上一题！
The American Workplace Is Broken. Here’s How We Can Start Fixing It.
【A】Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before. 83% of workers say they’re stressed about their jobs, nearly 50% say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and 60% use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only 13% of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.
【B】Glimmers (少许) of hope, however, are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn’t exaggeration. The 83% of American employees who are stressed about their jobs—up from 73% just a year before—say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you’re right. Stress levels increased 18% for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today’s teens are even more stressed than adults.
【C】Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90% of hospital visits, many of them preventable. Your job is “literally killing you”, as The Washington Post put it. It’s also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.
【D】Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance. As technology (and with it, work emails) seeps (渗入) into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you’ve got a recipe for overwork, according to Phyllis Moen. “There’s rising work demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors,” Moen said. “Part of the work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future.”
【E】These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout. It’s not only unsustainable for workers, but also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism (旷工), reduced productivity, disengagement and high turnover. Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.
【F】The U.S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid parental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support. According to a 2007 study, the U.S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it’s one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Fulltime employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.
【G】Our modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then-popular saying, “Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest”.
【H】We’ve held on to this workday structure—but thanks to our digital devices, many employees never really clock out. Today, the average American spends 8.8 hours at work daily, and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn’t the technology itself, but that the technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.
【I】In a study published last year, psychologists coined the term “workplace telepressure” to describe an employee’s urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one’s boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like “I’ve no energy for going to work in the morning”, and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepressure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.
【J】Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always “on”, they find ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules, work habits and interactions with family and friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the “cycle of responsiveness”: Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee’s increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee’s time. And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one’s work, the employee complies.
【K】To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28% reduction in their stress levels and a 20% improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation (静思) are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.
【L】Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment (ROWE) on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy’s corporate headquarters.
【M】For the study, 325 employees spent six months taking part in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked—the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It’s important to note that the increased flexibility didn’t encourage them to work around the clock. “They didn’t work anywhere and all the time—they were better able to manage their work,” Moen said. “Flexibility and control is key,” she continued.
36、36. Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：36. Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.
