一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition (1)_____ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your (2)_____ in the wrong place often carries a high (3)_____.
(4)_____, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. (5)_____ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that (6)_____ pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to (7)_____ with one another. Scientists have found that exposure (8)_____ this hormone puts us in a trusting (9)_____ : In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their (10)_____ who inhaled something else.
(11)_____ for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may (12)_____ us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate (13)_____ a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each (14)_____ to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look (15)_____. Half of them found a toy; the other half (16)_____ the container was empty and realized the tester had (17)_____ them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were (18)_____ to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. (19)_____, only five of the 30 children paired with the (20)“ _____ ” tester participated in a follow-up activity.
1、(1)
A、on
B、like
C、for
D、from
解析：
答案精析：根据上下文可知，condition与many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc存在因果关系，it代指句首的trust。此句意为：对诸如保育、友谊等很多重要的事情来说，信任是一个必备条件。for表示“对……来说”，与condition搭配意为“是……的条件”，选项C符合题意。
错项排除：condition不与on和from搭配，A、D错误。根据上述分析可知，condition与many worthwhile things不是从属关系，B错误。
2、(2)
A、faith
B、concern
C、attention
D、interest
解析：
答案精析：on the one hand和on the other hand通常是对同一事物进行正反面的比较。在此段中，它们是对trust（信任）进行了对比，前一句说到了信任的必要性，是积极的含义。本句用On the other hand表示转折，说明把信任放在错的地方会导致……，明显这里是要说关于信任的另一方面。因此此题应选择trust的近义词，故选择A。put sb’s faith in表示“信赖某人”。
错项排除：concern常与for搭配，attention常与to搭配，虽然interest可以与in搭配，但这三项均与“信任”无关，代入此题不符合语义，故排除。
3、(3)
A、benefit
B、debt
C、hope
D、price
解析：
答案精析：根据之前的分析，On the other hand表转折，说明此处要表达信任的消极影响，而此句中的wrong也暗示，这句话说的是“信任”的负面影响。此句意为：另一方面，把信任置于错误的地方常常会伴有很高的______。空格处应填入一个和“损失”相近的词。price（代价）符合文意，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A和C都是表示积极意义的词汇，不符合题意。错误地信任他人并不一定会带来高额负债，且全文并没有说到债务的问题，故B错误。
4、(4)
A、Therefore
B、Then
C、Instead
D、Again
解析：
答案精析：此空前一句说到信任所带来的负面后果，而此空后面说到“我们为什么还要信任别人？”这一问题是根据首段的内容提出的，由此可知，前后为顺承关系，B选项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：Therefore表示因果关系，Instead表示对比，Again表示递进、强调，三项均不符合题意。
5、(5)
A、Until
B、Unless
C、Although
D、When
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句的从句为：people place their trust in an individual or an institution，主句为their brains release oxytocin。此句的从句意为“______人们信任一个个体或机构”，主句意为“他们的大脑释放催产素”。根据语义可推知，前者是后者产生的条件，即相信别人是大脑释放催产素的一个条件。When表示“在……情况下；当……时”，符合题意。
错项排除：根据文意，A、B、C代入文章后语义均不通顺，故排除。
6、(6)
A、selects
B、produces
C、applies
D、maintains
解析：
答案精析：此空所在句子是同位语从句，补充说明催产素（oxytocin）是什么物质。此空后面出现and triggers，说明此空的单词和triggers是并列关系，都在对催产素做解释，应填入含有“激发，引发”意义的单词，produces符合题意。此句意为：催产素是一种荷尔蒙，它能产生愉快情绪，激发人类的群聚本能。
错项排除：荷尔蒙无法对情绪进行选择或应用，A和C错。D选项是一个强干扰项，maintains侧重于维持原本存在的事物或继续原本进行的某事，且与triggers无法在语义上构成并列关系，故错误。
7、(7)
A、consult
B、compete
C、connect
D、compare
解析：
答案精析：此空位于that引导的定语从句中，修饰herding instinct（群聚本能），用于对其作解释说明。该句的意思为“激发群聚本能，它能促使人们彼此______”，这里的“它”指的是“群聚本能”，“群聚”意味着人与人之间会有联系，所以本空应填入和“联系”相关的词，故选connect。
错项排除：虽然consult、compete和compare都能与with搭配，但由于先行词是“群聚本能”，因此都无法构成合理的语义，故排除。
8、(8)
A、at
B、by
C、of
D、to
解析：
答案精析：exposure与介词to搭配，意为“暴露，接触”，此空所在的宾语从句中，主语是exposure to this hormone意为“接触该荷尔蒙”，选D。
错项排除：exposure不与at和by搭配；与of搭配时，意为“揭发，揭露”，放在原句无法构成语义，故排除。
9、(9)
A、context
B、mood
C、period
D、circle
解析：
答案精析：前面提到，这种荷尔蒙能产生愉快情绪，并且让人们彼此连接。因此，接触这种荷尔蒙，会让人处在信任的情感中，本空应填入与“情绪，心情”有关的词，选B。
错项排除：context一般指事件发生的背景或文章的上下文，放在此处不合适，A错。原文中并没有体现时间，由此排除C项period。circle指“圈子；阶层”，用于有相同兴趣或工作的人，如theatrical circle（戏剧界），因此D项也可排除。
10、(10)
A、counterparts
B、substitutes
C、colleagues
D、supporters
解析：
答案精析：此空所在句是一个倒装句，并省略了表语，完整句子为…than their _______ who inhaled something else were ready to。可见，those subjects（那些受试者）与their ________是两组受试者，counterpart表示“对应的人”，放在原文中意为“另一组实验对象”，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B、C、D均无法与“实验对象”形成对照，故排除。
长难句分析：those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their counterparts who inhaled something else.
此句包含倒装句和省略句，完整表达为those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than their counterparts who inhaled something else were ready to. than引导比较状语从句，比较的对象分别是those subjects were ready to和their counterparts who inhaled something else were ready to。who inhaled something else为定语从句，修饰their counterparts。
句意为：相比吸入其他东西的实验对象，那些受试者愿意借给陌生人的金钱要多得多。
11、(11)
A、Funny
B、Lucky
C、Odd
D、Ironic
解析：
答案精析：前文说到，相信别人既会让我们产生愉悦，也会让我们付出代价。随后用一项实验证明了刺激我们去相信别人的因素所在。空格所在句的后一句中提到，14个月大的婴儿就能够区分可信的人和不诚实的人，也就是说虽然我们容易相信别人，但我们同时也具有辨别好坏的能力。由此可见，人类从小就具备这种第六感无疑是幸运的，故选B。
错项排除：“人类具备识别不诚实的第六感”对人类来说是一件幸事，因此此空应填入积极意义的词汇，排除C和D。原文并没有体现人类的第六感很有趣，因此排除A选项。
12、(12)
A、monitor
B、protect
C、surprise
D、delight
解析：
答案精析：此空前的that的先行词是a sixth sense。空格所在句的后一句中提到，14个月大的婴儿能够区分可信的人和不诚实的人，可见第六感起到保护人类的作用，选B。a sixth sense for dishonesty意为“察觉不诚实的第六感”。
错项排除：A、C、D不能与a sixth sense for dishonesty构成符合文意的搭配，故排除。
13、(13)
A、between
B、within
C、toward
D、over
解析：
答案精析：此空前的differentiate表示“区分”，differentiate between…and…为固定搭配，意为“区分……和……”，选A。
错项排除：differentiate的固定搭配有differentiate A from B和differentiate between A and B，选项中无from，只能选between，故排除B、C、D。
14、(14)
A、transferred
B、added
C、introduced
D、entrusted
解析：
答案精析：本空要求填入一个可以表示Sixty toddlers和adult tester之间关系的词。本空所在句的后面提到，成年测试者与婴儿进行一项实验，因此在这之前，要先将婴儿介绍给测试者，让他们互相认识，故正确答案选C。
错项排除：transfer和add的宾语一般是物，不能指toddlers（初学走路的孩子），故排除A和B。entrust表示“使某人对某事负责或照管某人”，原文中婴儿和成人测试者是实验对象，并不涉及托管，D错。
15、(15)
A、out
B、back
C、around
D、inside
解析：
答案精析：此空所在句的前一句中说到，成年测试者会先向婴儿询问：“箱子里有什么？”，之后会让受试者看______。而在后一句中提到，有一半的受试婴儿发现了玩具。可见，成年测试者邀请每个受试婴儿（Each subject）往箱子里面看，选D。
错项排除：其他三个选项均与箱子里面无关，不符合语义，因此为干扰项。
16、(16)
A、discovered
B、proved
C、insisted
D、remembered
解析：
答案精析：此空所在句是一个并列句，前半句说到半数的受试婴儿发现了玩具，后半句应该说另一半婴儿的发现，因此空格中应填入与found词义相近的单词，选A。
错项排除：受试婴儿受邀往箱子里看，因此不涉及证明、坚称或记起什么，因此B、C、D错误。
17、(17)
A、betrayed
B、wronged
C、fooled
D、mocked
解析：
答案精析：由最后一段第一句可知，发现玩具的婴儿并没有被欺骗，由此可推知，发现空盒子的婴儿是被成年测试者欺骗了，此空应填入与后文tricked意思相近的单词，选C。
错项排除：测试者发出惊呼，而另一半的受试婴儿只发现了空盒子，这只是欺骗，并没有严重到背叛或冤枉，A、B错。全文也没有体现受欺骗的婴儿受到讥笑，D错。
18、(18)
A、forced
B、willing
C、hesitant
D、entitled
解析：
答案精析：此句大意为，那些大多数没有受到欺骗的婴儿会______跟测试者合作学习新技能，表现出对测试者领导才能的信任。结合文意，B符合题意。
错项排除：根据文意，此处应填入含有积极意义的词汇，A、C排除。婴儿与成年测试者是共同进行实验的关系，他们之间的合作谈不上需不需要资格，D错。
19、(19)
A、In contrast
B、As a result
C、On the whole
D、For instance
解析：
答案精析：文章第三和第四段一直围绕两组婴儿进行对比。此段第一句中的majority和此空后面的only five of the 30 children形成对比，描述实验后的后果，因此空格处应填入一个表示对比意义的词，故选A。
错项排除：第四段第一句和第二句之间并不存在因果关系，B错。第四段第二句也并不是第一句的总结或举例，C、D错。
20、(20)
A、inflexible
B、incapable
C、unreliable
D、unsuitable
解析：
答案精析：此句文意为，相反，与______测试者结队的30名婴儿中，只有5名婴儿参与了后续的活动。产生这样的结果是因为这一组婴儿受到了欺骗，因此在他们看来，这些测试者是“不可靠的”，选C。
错项排除：全文并没有表明成年测试者顽固、无能，或不适合参加这项试验，故A、B、D错。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations—trucking, financial advice, software engineering—have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
This isn’t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven’t been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
21、21. Who will be most threatened by automation?
A、Leading politicians.
B、Low-wage laborers.
C、Robot owners.
D、Middle-class workers.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的automation定位到第二段第二句中的automated。第一段说到，中产阶级将会面临恼人的挑战，其中之一来自于机器人。第二段中提到，中产阶级受压制的比例最高（with the middle class disproportionately squeezed）、中产阶级的工作引起了机器人的兴趣（many middle-class occupations…have aroused their interest），由此可知，自动化将会对中产阶级工作者最有威胁，选D。
错项排除：全文中并未提及政治领袖，A排除。第二段中说到，低收入的工作对机器人没有吸引力，可见自动化对低收入工作者的影响不大，B排除。第二段最后一句说到，富人将会拥有机器人，所以他们不必担忧，C排除。
22、22. Which of the following best represent the author’s view?
A、Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
B、Optimists’ opinions on new tech find little support.
C、Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
D、Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.
解析：
答案精析：本题需要结合全文进行解答。第三段中，作者提到机器人取代中产阶级工作的可能性并不是危言耸听（This isn’t to be alarmist）、工业革命对反对技术进步者并不那么友好、中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助进行调整。作者在最后一段最后一句也说到，帮助工人适应这种变革的政策却不可或缺。由此可见，自动化的到来会带来一些问题，而中产阶级则需要帮助来适应这些问题，选C。
错项排除：上文已经提到自动化会带来种种问题，A与这些事实相反，错误。第三段中提到，乐观者指出，在过去，技术剧变使工人受益，一个例子就是技术革命最终提高了生活标准，创造出的工作数量比淘汰的要多。可见，乐观者提出的观点是有证据支撑的，B错。全文并没有提到新科技的负面影响是否可以被规避，D错。
23、23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on ________.
A、creative potential
B、job-hunting skills
C、individual needs
D、cooperative spirit
解析：
答案精析：由题干中的Education和age of automation定位到第四段第一句。第四段中，《第二次机器时代》（The Second Machine Age）的作者提到，课程的改进应将更多的重点放在创造性和复杂性沟通上，而减少死记硬背。因此，教育应该更加注重培养学生的创造性，A项对应原文中的creativity，故A为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中提到，教育应该对职业培训（job training）重新思考，而不是求职技巧（job-hunting skills），B错。个人需求在原文中并没有提到，C错。原文提到，职业学校要帮助学生更好地与机器人并肩工作（helping students work alongside robots），但合作精神（cooperative spirit）强调的是人与人之间的合作，与原文意思有偏差，D错。
24、24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at ________.
A、encouraging the development of automation
B、increasing the return on capital investment
C、easing the hostility between rich and poor
D、preventing the income gap from widening
解析：
答案精析：由题干中的tax policies定位到第六段第一句。定位句中的because提示出税收政策不得不重新加以考虑的原因（taxes…will have to be rethought）：自动化会威胁到加大资本收入和劳动收入之间的差距，故选D。
错项排除：原文提到，对税收重新考虑的原因是为了减少自动化带来的资本收入和劳动收入的扩大，与鼓励自动化的发展无关，A错。原文中没有提到资本回报，B属于无中生有，错误。第六段确实提到自动化会带来资本收入和劳动收入的扩大，但并没有说贫富阶级之间有敌意，C选项属于夸大其词，错误。
25、25. In this text, the author presents a problem with ________.
A、opposing views on it
B、possible solutions to it
C、its alarming impacts
D、its major variations
解析：
答案精析：作者在文章第一段提出一个问题，即当机器人取代中产阶级的工作时，会发生什么？紧接着作者在第二段至第六段提到了其可能性以及解决办法。在最后一段，作者总结道，帮助中产阶级工人适应变革的政策不可或缺，故选B。
错项排除：从文章主旨大意可知，作者提出中产阶级工人的工作可能会被机器取代，并对此提出了解决办法，但他并没有对自动化提出反对意见，A错。自动化确实有消极影响，但它也有积极意义，C错。原文并没有体现主要变化形式，D错。
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a president’s social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on when to share on social media.
26、26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on ________.
A、the justification of the news-filtering practice
B、people’s preference for social media platforms
C、the administration’s ability to handle information
D、social media was a reliable source of news
解析：
答案精析：文章第一段中提到，很多美国年轻人反对特朗普使用推特，并在第二段中作出了解释：人们不信任社交媒体（distrust has risen toward all media），网络上的很多新闻是虚假的（a quarter of web content…was fake news），即使是媒体巨头发布的新闻，很多用户也不予相信。由此可见，很多美国年轻人并不认为社交媒体是新闻的可靠来源，故选D。
错项排除：第一段第二句中提到，千禧一代的年轻人更喜欢通过其他渠道过滤的新闻，但并没有怀疑其合理性，A错。第二段开头提到，大多数美国人依靠社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。然而有44%的Facebook用户很少或从不相信新闻媒体报道的消息，由此可见美国人对社交媒体的偏好不能一概而论，B错。第一段说到千禧一代不喜欢从总统的社交媒体平台获取白宫新闻，但这不能跟政府处理的信息等同，C错。
27、27. The phrase “beef up” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、sharpen
B、define
C、boast
D、share
解析：
答案精析：第二段第二句和第三句中说到，但是由于人们对所有媒体越来越不信任，人们可能开始beef up自身的媒体素养能力。这种趋势是非常需要的。人们对媒体新闻的不信任迫使人们“提高”自身的媒体素养能力，符合逻辑，A选项为正确答案。
错项排除：B、C、D选项代入原文中均不符合语境，故排除。
28、28. According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people ________.
A、tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace
B、verify news by referring to diverse resources
C、have a strong sense of responsibility
D、like to exchange views on “distributed trust”
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Knight Foundation survey可定位到第三段。此段第三句提到，年轻人多方核实新闻来源，更喜欢不同视角的新闻——尤其是那些对任何偏见持开放态度的新闻角度。由此可见，B选项正确。选项中的verify news对应原文的verify stories，referring to diverse resources对应原文的cross-check sources。
错项排除：cyberspace出现在第三段第一句，此句说的是在数字时代长大的年轻人变得更善于区分网络空间信息的真伪，这并不是说年轻人倾向于发表他们对网络空间的意见，A错。responsibility出现在第三段最后一句，此句说到很多年轻人在自我教育方面担负着更多的责任，但这只是一方面，原文并没有说到年轻人对其他方面也有强烈的责任感，C错。原文中说到，年轻人采取“分布式信任”来验证新闻的真伪，但并不是以此交流意见，D错。
29、29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is ________.
A、readers’ outdated values
B、journalists’ biased reporting
C、readers’ misinterpretation
D、journalists’ made-up stories
解析：
答案精析：根据Barna survey和fake news定位到第五段第三句。此句说到，美国人对虚假新闻现象给出的主要原因（top reason）是“读者错误解读”，比编造故事或事实性报道错误更甚。紧接着，文章对“读者错误”进行了解释：大约三分之一的人是因为通过社交媒体“曲解或夸大了新闻”才导致了虚假新闻问题。由此选C。
错项排除：原文没有提到读者过时的价值观和记者有偏颇的报道，A、B排除。题干问的是主要原因，因此排除D。
30、30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A、A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
B、A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend
C、The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media
D、The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests
解析：
答案精析：此道题目需要理解全文意思进行作答。第一段说到，年轻人反对总统使用推特。在第二段中，作者提到，人们可能开始提高其文学素养能力。第三段第一句中表明，年轻人变得更善于区分网络上的信息真伪。最后一段中，作者赞扬了年轻人在批判过度发推文的总统时，他们表现出了思维技巧和何时选择分享信息到社交媒体上的自律精神。综上所述，本题选A。
错项排除：本文第一段中提到年轻人反对总统过度发布推文，但这只是为了引出主题，B错误。原文多处提到年轻人不信任社交媒体上的新闻，C错误。第五段中提到，人们转发新闻表达自己的价值观和兴趣（re-share news as a projection of their values and interests），但这只是文章的细节内容，不能概括文章的大意，D错误。
Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements—and there may be many—between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed” it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.
The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.
The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.
31、31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?
A、It caused conflicts among tech giants.
B、It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.
C、It fell short of the latter’s expectations.
D、It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的agreement可定位到第一段最后一句后半部分。此句提到，该模糊协议未能充分考虑患者的权利以及他们对隐私的要求，所以应选B项。此选项中的failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights是原文took far too little account of the patients’ rights的同义转述。
错项排除：第一段第三句中提到，将这项成果应用到医疗保健的潜力是巨大的，但可能也会导致科技巨头公司的进一步垄断。此句并没有提到科技巨头公司之间有冲突，A错。C选项中的expectations出现在第一段最后一句，原文说的是该协议未能达到病人对隐私的期望，C选项与事实不符，错误。原文没有提到双方陷入危险境地，D错。
32、32. The NHS trust responded to Denham’s verdict with ________.
A、empty promises
B、tough resistance
C、necessary adjustments
D、sincere apologies
解析：
答案精析：由NHS trust定位到原文第二段第二句，该句指出，NHS信托基金改正了其行为。具体措施为从病人那里获得所有必要的许可以及消除所有不必要的数据。由此可见，选C。adjustments对应原文中的mended its ways。
错项排除：原文提到NHS信托基金对其行为进行了改正，排除A、B。第二段第一句指出，深度思考公司几乎进行了道歉，但真诚与否并没有提及，D错。
33、33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that ________.
A、privacy protection must be secured at all costs
B、leaking patients’ data is worse than selling it
C、making profits from patients’ data is illegal
D、the value of data comes from the processing of it
解析：
答案精析：第二段第一句至第六句主要说的是NHS公司的信托基金所采取的措施，并指出隐私并不是最重要的问题。德纳姆将责任推卸到NHS信托基金上，因为根据法律，它“控制”了数据，而深度思考公司只是“处理”数据。作者在第三段最后一句提到，“但这种区分忽略了一点：对数据的处理和集合赋予了数据价值，而不是仅仅对其占有。”由此选D。
错项排除：根据上文分析可知，隐私并不是最重要的问题，A错。第一段中提到NHS交付了160万名患者的医疗记录，但并没有说它对数据进行了售卖，B错。原文也没有提到通过病人的数据进行盈利，C错。
34、34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is ________.
A、the vicious rivalry among big pharms
B、the ineffective enforcement of privacy law
C、the uncontrolled use of new software
D、the monopoly of big data by tech giants
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的last paragraph和real worry定位到最后一段第二句。在定位句之后，文章说到，重要的是（What matters），这些通过使用公共资源研发出来的算法将属于私人垄断企业。由此可以推断出，大数据也被这些私人企业垄断了，故选D。
错项排除：最后一段第五句中确实出现big pharm，原文说的是大数据可能被期望像大制药公司那样运作，但并没有谈到恶性竞争的问题，A错。最后一段第一句中提到，在这个例子中，使用隐私法削弱科技巨头公司有一点不太合适，而并不是B选项所说的“无效执行”，隐私法问题也不是担忧的核心，B错。最后一段第五句中提到software，但没提到“不受控制”的问题，C错。
35、35. The author’s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is ________.
A、ambiguous
B、cautious
C、appreciative
D、contemptuous
解析：
答案精析：最后一段的倒数第三句和倒数第二句提到，我们还处于这场革命的初始阶段，现在做的微小决定可能会对未来有巨大影响。为了避免未来的数字封建主义，我们需要进行长期的斗争。从small choices和gigantic consequences可知，作者对这一场革命的态度是十分谨慎的，选B。
错项排除：在这篇议论文中，作者的态度十分明确，A排除。在文章最后一句中，作者提到，德纳姆女士的报告是一个不错的开始，但问题问的是作者对于将人工智能应用于医疗护理的态度，C错。文中并不能推断出作者的鄙夷态度，D错。
The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer—Congress—insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involved—Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system’s heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate—where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
36、36. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by ________.
A、its unbalanced budget
B、its rigid management
C、the cost for technical upgrading
D、the withdrawal of bank support
解析：
答案精析：文章开头提到美国邮政管理局面临着财政危机，而原因一直到首段的最后一句才给出：一方面，技术变革持续地降低了其支柱产品——特快邮件的需求；另一方面，管理机构缺乏灵活性，不能根据新形式调整运营。由此可知，选B。
错项排除：第一段提到美国邮政管理局有超过1200亿美元的债务，主要是由于员工健康和退休费用导致，这跟不平衡预算不是一个概念，A错。原文说到技术变革，但并没有说美国邮政管理局会进行技术升级，C错。原文没有提到银行，更不可能有资助，D错。
长难句分析：Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
句子主干是the USPS is in a historic squeeze。between的两个宾语是technological change和a regulatory structure，它们后面都为that引导的定语从句，起到补充说明的作用。第一个定语从句中的first-class mail是its bread-and-butter product的同位语。
句意为：从根本上说，美国邮政管理局正处在历史性的压力之下：一方面，技术变革持续地降低了其支柱产品——特快邮件的需求；另一方面，管理机构缺乏灵活性，不能根据新形式调整运营。
37、37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to ________.
A、the interference from interest groups
B、the inadequate funding from Congress
C、the shrinking demand for postal service
D、the incompetence of postal unions
解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位到第二段。第二段中出现This is why…，因此解答本题的关键是从This is why的前一句寻找原因。第二段第一句中提到，各种利益集团为了自身的利益向国会施压，保护他们倚仗的现状（interest groups…exert self-interested pressure on…Congress—insisting...aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected），这是导致美国邮政管理局无法实现现代化改革的原因，由此选A。
错项排除：原文只提到议会是USPS的最终监管者（ultimate overseer），并没有说它为美国邮政管理局提供资金，B错。对邮政服务的需求降低导致了美国邮政管理局面临财政危机，但并不是美国邮政管理局未能实现现代化改革的原因，C错。第二段第一句提到邮政工会是利益集团，但并没有说它无能，D错。
38、38. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by ________.
A、removing its burden of retiree health care
B、making more investment in new vehicles
C、adopting a new rate-increase mechanism
D、attracting more first-class mail users
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions定位到第三段最后一句。由thus（因此）前面的从句可推知答案。该句提到，The latter step（将邮政公司退休人员转入到医疗保险计划）将会大大地抵消每年为退休人员预付医疗保险费的负担。因此A为正确选项。
错项排除：第三段第二句提到购买新车，但与解决美国邮政管理局和工会抱怨无关，B错。第三段前半句确实说到rate increase，但它与第三段最后一句中的“The latter step”不符，C错。第一段中提到了特快邮件（first-class）的用户减少，但原文并没有提到吸引此部分用户，更不可能以此解决两方之间的抱怨，D错。
39、39. In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with ________.
A、respect
B、tolerance
C、discontent
D、gratitude
解析：
答案精析：由题干中的legislators定位到最后一段倒数第二句。定位句提到，围绕法案逐渐达成共识是一个信号：立法者害怕美国邮政管理局出现短期瘫痪，这会让他们陷入政治的尴尬境地。然而，这并不表明他们愿意认真地考虑邮政系统向21世纪转型，立法者对邮政系统改革问题的态度是不认真的。可见，作者对立法者的态度是不满的，选C。
错项排除：由原文可知，作者对立法者的态度是消极的，A、B、D均不符合作者的态度，故错误。
40、40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A、The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days
B、The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
C、The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure
D、The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid
解析：
答案精析：此道题目需要根据全文作答。本文第一段提出美国邮政管理局（USPS）面临持续亏损的状况。第二段中解释了美国邮政管理局未能进行现代化改革的原因。第三段介绍了美国邮政管理局的改革方案。最后一段指出改革方案并不全面，如美国邮政管理局劳资双方集体谈判的问题没有一点改变、法案遗漏了取消星期六信件投递的讨论等。从长远来看，这是一个治标不治本的方案。此篇文章以“提出问题——提供解决方案——阐述不足之处”的结构进行论述，并暗示解决问题的办法，由此D选项符合题意。
错项排除：全文没有提到美国邮政管理局怀念过去的黄金时期，它也不是本篇文章的重点，A错。原文有提及美国邮政管理局确实涉及诸多利益集团，但它是美国邮政管理局未能实现现代化改革的原因，也不是此篇文章的主旨。美国邮政管理局有财政问题、改革问题，但文章中并没有提到这些问题需要马上得到解决，而是应进行全面的改革（comprehensive reform），C错。
41、41. ________→C →42. ________ →43. ________→F→44. ________→45. ________
【A】In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.
【B】Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.
【C】The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century—the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.
【D】Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
【E】The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.
【F】Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.
【G】The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.
参考答案：EGABD
解析：
试题解析
段落A大意：国会成立委员会为新办公大楼选址，并确定建筑风格。
段落B大意：国务院和海军部先后建成，其内部有不同的设计风格。
段落C大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼曾为国务院、战争部和海军部提供办公场所，且许多重大事件也曾在这里发生。
段落D大意：描述艾森豪威尔行政大厦曾发生的诸多历史事件，以及许多政治人物曾在这里办公。
段落E大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼在美国历史和建筑史上有独特的地位。
段落F大意：建造艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼耗时17年，其内部构造有诸多特征。
段落G大意：财政大楼曾发生过多起火灾，旧楼过度拥挤，因此要重建大楼。
答案详解
答案精析：七个段落中已经给出了C段和F段的位置。本篇文章多次出现EEOB，而在E段出现了EEOB的全称Eisenhower Executive Office Building，可见E段要出现在D段和G段（这两段使用了缩略词EEOB）之前。E段最后一句出现The State, War, and Navy Building，与作为第二段的C段开头重合，由此可推知两段是承接关系。E段中介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大厦的地位、建造时间和建筑风格等内容，总结性强，因此第一段应选择E段。
42. G
答案精析：七个段落中多次出现了年份，G段中出现between 1799 and 1820，in 1814，In 1866；A段中出现In December of 1869和in June of 1871；B段中出现Completed in 1875, completed in 1876，in 1879，并且第二段为C段。这提示我们解题时可以按照时间顺序进行排列。C段主要介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史意义。G段开头说道“艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史早在奠基之间就已经开始”，与C段能够很好承接。故第三个空选G。
答案精析：G段说到财政大楼多次出现火灾（A series of fires）且很陈旧（existing），而A段开头说到，国会成立专门委员会，为国务院挑选新址（for a new State Department Building），两段语义能够很好衔接，说明事情发展的先后顺序。且G段中的时间要早于A段。此题选A。
答案精析：F段的位置在题目中已经给出，为第五段。F段主要介绍的是艾森豪威尔行政大楼完工的耗时以及内部构造。现剩下两个自然段可选：B段和D段。B段主要说的是国务院各部分完工时间不同，公务人员和海军部先后入驻此地，并介绍了建筑内的设施和环境。B段连接在F段之后，又进一步说明完工后的艾森豪威尔行政大厦的作用。而D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的历史事件，不太可能出现在B段之前。故本题选B。
答案精析：D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的诸多历史事件以及在这里办公的政治人物，总结性强，作为结尾很合适。本题选D。
试题解析
段落A大意：国会成立委员会为新办公大楼选址，并确定建筑风格。
段落B大意：国务院和海军部先后建成，其内部有不同的设计风格。
段落C大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼曾为国务院、战争部和海军部提供办公场所，且许多重大事件也曾在这里发生。
段落D大意：描述艾森豪威尔行政大厦曾发生的诸多历史事件，以及许多政治人物曾在这里办公。
段落E大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼在美国历史和建筑史上有独特的地位。
段落F大意：建造艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼耗时17年，其内部构造有诸多特征。
段落G大意：财政大楼曾发生过多起火灾，旧楼过度拥挤，因此要重建大楼。
答案详解
答案精析：七个段落中已经给出了C段和F段的位置。本篇文章多次出现EEOB，而在E段出现了EEOB的全称Eisenhower Executive Office Building，可见E段要出现在D段和G段（这两段使用了缩略词EEOB）之前。E段最后一句出现The State, War, and Navy Building，与作为第二段的C段开头重合，由此可推知两段是承接关系。E段中介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大厦的地位、建造时间和建筑风格等内容，总结性强，因此第一段应选择E段。
42. G
答案精析：七个段落中多次出现了年份，G段中出现between 1799 and 1820，in 1814，In 1866；A段中出现In December of 1869和in June of 1871；B段中出现Completed in 1875, completed in 1876，in 1879，并且第二段为C段。这提示我们解题时可以按照时间顺序进行排列。C段主要介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史意义。G段开头说道“艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史早在奠基之间就已经开始”，与C段能够很好承接。故第三个空选G。
答案精析：G段说到财政大楼多次出现火灾（A series of fires）且很陈旧（existing），而A段开头说到，国会成立专门委员会，为国务院挑选新址（for a new State Department Building），两段语义能够很好衔接，说明事情发展的先后顺序。且G段中的时间要早于A段。此题选A。
答案精析：F段的位置在题目中已经给出，为第五段。F段主要介绍的是艾森豪威尔行政大楼完工的耗时以及内部构造。现剩下两个自然段可选：B段和D段。B段主要说的是国务院各部分完工时间不同，公务人员和海军部先后入驻此地，并介绍了建筑内的设施和环境。B段连接在F段之后，又进一步说明完工后的艾森豪威尔行政大厦的作用。而D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的历史事件，不太可能出现在B段之前。故本题选B。
答案精析：D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的诸多历史事件以及在这里办公的政治人物，总结性强，作为结尾很合适。本题选D。
试题解析
段落A大意：国会成立委员会为新办公大楼选址，并确定建筑风格。
段落B大意：国务院和海军部先后建成，其内部有不同的设计风格。
段落C大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼曾为国务院、战争部和海军部提供办公场所，且许多重大事件也曾在这里发生。
段落D大意：描述艾森豪威尔行政大厦曾发生的诸多历史事件，以及许多政治人物曾在这里办公。
段落E大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼在美国历史和建筑史上有独特的地位。
段落F大意：建造艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼耗时17年，其内部构造有诸多特征。
段落G大意：财政大楼曾发生过多起火灾，旧楼过度拥挤，因此要重建大楼。
答案详解
答案精析：七个段落中已经给出了C段和F段的位置。本篇文章多次出现EEOB，而在E段出现了EEOB的全称Eisenhower Executive Office Building，可见E段要出现在D段和G段（这两段使用了缩略词EEOB）之前。E段最后一句出现The State, War, and Navy Building，与作为第二段的C段开头重合，由此可推知两段是承接关系。E段中介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大厦的地位、建造时间和建筑风格等内容，总结性强，因此第一段应选择E段。
42. G
答案精析：七个段落中多次出现了年份，G段中出现between 1799 and 1820，in 1814，In 1866；A段中出现In December of 1869和in June of 1871；B段中出现Completed in 1875, completed in 1876，in 1879，并且第二段为C段。这提示我们解题时可以按照时间顺序进行排列。C段主要介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史意义。G段开头说道“艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史早在奠基之间就已经开始”，与C段能够很好承接。故第三个空选G。
答案精析：G段说到财政大楼多次出现火灾（A series of fires）且很陈旧（existing），而A段开头说到，国会成立专门委员会，为国务院挑选新址（for a new State Department Building），两段语义能够很好衔接，说明事情发展的先后顺序。且G段中的时间要早于A段。此题选A。
答案精析：F段的位置在题目中已经给出，为第五段。F段主要介绍的是艾森豪威尔行政大楼完工的耗时以及内部构造。现剩下两个自然段可选：B段和D段。B段主要说的是国务院各部分完工时间不同，公务人员和海军部先后入驻此地，并介绍了建筑内的设施和环境。B段连接在F段之后，又进一步说明完工后的艾森豪威尔行政大厦的作用。而D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的历史事件，不太可能出现在B段之前。故本题选B。
答案精析：D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的诸多历史事件以及在这里办公的政治人物，总结性强，作为结尾很合适。本题选D。
试题解析
段落A大意：国会成立委员会为新办公大楼选址，并确定建筑风格。
段落B大意：国务院和海军部先后建成，其内部有不同的设计风格。
段落C大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼曾为国务院、战争部和海军部提供办公场所，且许多重大事件也曾在这里发生。
段落D大意：描述艾森豪威尔行政大厦曾发生的诸多历史事件，以及许多政治人物曾在这里办公。
段落E大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼在美国历史和建筑史上有独特的地位。
段落F大意：建造艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼耗时17年，其内部构造有诸多特征。
段落G大意：财政大楼曾发生过多起火灾，旧楼过度拥挤，因此要重建大楼。
答案详解
答案精析：七个段落中已经给出了C段和F段的位置。本篇文章多次出现EEOB，而在E段出现了EEOB的全称Eisenhower Executive Office Building，可见E段要出现在D段和G段（这两段使用了缩略词EEOB）之前。E段最后一句出现The State, War, and Navy Building，与作为第二段的C段开头重合，由此可推知两段是承接关系。E段中介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大厦的地位、建造时间和建筑风格等内容，总结性强，因此第一段应选择E段。
42. G
答案精析：七个段落中多次出现了年份，G段中出现between 1799 and 1820，in 1814，In 1866；A段中出现In December of 1869和in June of 1871；B段中出现Completed in 1875, completed in 1876，in 1879，并且第二段为C段。这提示我们解题时可以按照时间顺序进行排列。C段主要介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史意义。G段开头说道“艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史早在奠基之间就已经开始”，与C段能够很好承接。故第三个空选G。
答案精析：G段说到财政大楼多次出现火灾（A series of fires）且很陈旧（existing），而A段开头说到，国会成立专门委员会，为国务院挑选新址（for a new State Department Building），两段语义能够很好衔接，说明事情发展的先后顺序。且G段中的时间要早于A段。此题选A。
答案精析：F段的位置在题目中已经给出，为第五段。F段主要介绍的是艾森豪威尔行政大楼完工的耗时以及内部构造。现剩下两个自然段可选：B段和D段。B段主要说的是国务院各部分完工时间不同，公务人员和海军部先后入驻此地，并介绍了建筑内的设施和环境。B段连接在F段之后，又进一步说明完工后的艾森豪威尔行政大厦的作用。而D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的历史事件，不太可能出现在B段之前。故本题选B。
答案精析：D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的诸多历史事件以及在这里办公的政治人物，总结性强，作为结尾很合适。本题选D。
试题解析
段落A大意：国会成立委员会为新办公大楼选址，并确定建筑风格。
段落B大意：国务院和海军部先后建成，其内部有不同的设计风格。
段落C大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼曾为国务院、战争部和海军部提供办公场所，且许多重大事件也曾在这里发生。
段落D大意：描述艾森豪威尔行政大厦曾发生的诸多历史事件，以及许多政治人物曾在这里办公。
段落E大意：艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼在美国历史和建筑史上有独特的地位。
段落F大意：建造艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼耗时17年，其内部构造有诸多特征。
段落G大意：财政大楼曾发生过多起火灾，旧楼过度拥挤，因此要重建大楼。
答案详解
答案精析：七个段落中已经给出了C段和F段的位置。本篇文章多次出现EEOB，而在E段出现了EEOB的全称Eisenhower Executive Office Building，可见E段要出现在D段和G段（这两段使用了缩略词EEOB）之前。E段最后一句出现The State, War, and Navy Building，与作为第二段的C段开头重合，由此可推知两段是承接关系。E段中介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大厦的地位、建造时间和建筑风格等内容，总结性强，因此第一段应选择E段。
42. G
答案精析：七个段落中多次出现了年份，G段中出现between 1799 and 1820，in 1814，In 1866；A段中出现In December of 1869和in June of 1871；B段中出现Completed in 1875, completed in 1876，in 1879，并且第二段为C段。这提示我们解题时可以按照时间顺序进行排列。C段主要介绍了艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史意义。G段开头说道“艾森豪威尔行政大楼的历史早在奠基之间就已经开始”，与C段能够很好承接。故第三个空选G。
答案精析：G段说到财政大楼多次出现火灾（A series of fires）且很陈旧（existing），而A段开头说到，国会成立专门委员会，为国务院挑选新址（for a new State Department Building），两段语义能够很好衔接，说明事情发展的先后顺序。且G段中的时间要早于A段。此题选A。
答案精析：F段的位置在题目中已经给出，为第五段。F段主要介绍的是艾森豪威尔行政大楼完工的耗时以及内部构造。现剩下两个自然段可选：B段和D段。B段主要说的是国务院各部分完工时间不同，公务人员和海军部先后入驻此地，并介绍了建筑内的设施和环境。B段连接在F段之后，又进一步说明完工后的艾森豪威尔行政大厦的作用。而D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的历史事件，不太可能出现在B段之前。故本题选B。
答案精析：D段主要讲述的是在艾森豪威尔行政大厦发生的诸多历史事件以及在这里办公的政治人物，总结性强，作为结尾很合适。本题选D。
42、 Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) 【By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.】 These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) 【no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.】
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) 【But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.】 By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage—where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) 【A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.】
The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) 【To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.】
参考答案：
46. 在他出生时，欧洲正经历着宗教戏剧的衰退，而在古典悲剧和喜剧的推动下，新式戏剧产生了。
47. 每个上过文法学校的少年都知道戏剧是文学的一种，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许还会将荣耀带给英国。
48. 但是专业剧团因其固定的剧院而得以繁荣，有着文学抱负的大学生迅速投向这些剧院以求谋生。
49. 一种本土的文学戏剧诞生了，它与公共剧院结成联盟，至少，这种戏剧的一些伟大传统已经开始形成。
50. 为了意识到戏剧的伟大之处，我们必须进一步记住，大量的戏剧已经丢失，而且可能没有哪个著名作家的全部作品得到了保留。
解析：
生词本
ignorant adj. 无知的 grammar school 文法学校
permanent theaters 固定剧院 hosts of 大量，很多
表达难点
46. ①By the date of his birth中的his指“莎士比亚”，By指“……时”。②witness指“见证”，在此句话中可意译为“经历”。 ③new forms指“新式戏剧，新的戏剧形式”。④under the incentive…作状语修饰new forms，可译为“在……的刺激下，在……的推动下”。
47. ①ignorant表示“不知道，对……无知”，no boy…ignorant为双重否定，表示肯定，可译作“每个男孩都知道……”。②grammar school起源于英国，最初是用来教拉丁文，之后开始教古希腊语等，可译作“文法学校”。③yet表示“尚未，还”的意思，含有即将的意味。④gave glory和bring honor都表示“带来荣耀”，英文中常常使用不同的表达传达相同意思。⑤定语从句1较短，可前置；定语从句2很长，因此后置。
48. ①the professional companies指的是专业剧团，与前文中的学校（school）、宫廷（court）、圣保罗教堂（St. Paul’s）等相对立。②prosper in表示“因……而繁荣，因……而兴旺”。③permanent theaters可译为“固定剧院”。④means of livelihood可译作“谋生方式”。
49. ①its alliance with the public playhouses established是独立主格结构，作伴随状语，可译作“它与公共剧院结成联盟”。②最后一个词begun译作“开始”会显得很生硬、勉强，这里说的是一些新的文学戏剧传统开始出现，因此可译作“形成”。
50. ①dramatic activity不是单纯指戏剧活动，结合后面的句子，可推知此处应该引申译为“戏剧创作活动”。②hosts of表示“大量，很多”。③no author of note表示“没有任何著名作家”。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
43、Part A
51. Directions:
Write an email to all international experts on campus, inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email, you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.
You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
参考答案：
【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am honored to write this email to invite you to attend the forthcoming graduation ceremony. The ceremony will be hosted in the College Hall on our campus, at 9 o’clock in the morning on next Monday, June 23. The theme of the ceremony is “Let Us Move On”. The ceremony is scheduled to last about 2 hours. At the ceremony, our principal and the representative of the graduates will give a speech, followed by the degree presentation.
Your presence is cordially requested and appreciated, and I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Ming
【参考译文】
尊敬的先生/女士：
我很荣幸写这封邮件邀请您参加我们即将到来的毕业典礼。典礼将于学校的学院大厅举办，时间为下周一6月23号的上午9点。典礼的主题是“再次启程”。典礼预计持续两个小时左右，典礼首先由校长致辞，接着学生代表发言，最后是颁发学位证书。
我们诚心期待您的到来，恳请您能尽早回复。
此致，
李明
解析：
【题目分析】
这是一封邀请信，题目要求给外国专家写一封信，邀请他/她出席毕业典礼。信中应包含毕业典礼举办的时间、地点，以及其他相关信息。
文章可分成两段或三段。写信时，态度要礼貌、诚恳。
第一段开门见山表达写信的目的，以及其他必要信息，如典礼时间、地点、持续时间、流程等。第二段恳请对方收到信后进行回复。
44、
Part B
52. Directions：
Write an essay of 160 to 200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
1) describe the pictures briefly,
2) interpret the meaning, and
3) give your comments.
Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
参考答案：
【参考范文】
As is vividly depicted in the picture, a college student has trouble choosing between the two different types of courses: one is the course which emphasizes new knowledge and innovation and thus is difficult to learn, while the other is easy to pass with higher marks and has less assignments.
The picture illustrates the common dilemma most college students have to face. Though many students prefer to choose easy courses to get a high GPA or scholarship, personally I hold that we should take those challenging courses on behalf of our future. First of all, in the society which increasingly focuses on the personnel, the mastery of advanced knowledge will definitely strengthen our competitiveness. Furthermore, the way to success is full of obstacles and hardships. Anyone who is eager to get successful must realize that there is no shortcut to success at all because all achievements come from laborious trial and effort. Taking hard courses can help cultivate our spirits of challenging and working hard.
All in all, students should choose the courses which would benefit them in the long run. Only in this way can we live a meaningful and constructive college life.
【参考译文】
正如图片中生动描绘的一样，一名大学生正烦恼如何在两类课程之间做出选择：一种课程注重新知识、重创新，因此学起来有难度，而另一种课程很容易高分通过，作业也很少。
这幅图片阐释了大多数大学生普遍会遇到的困境。虽然很多学生更愿意为了获得高分数或奖学金去选择容易的课程，但我个人认为，我们应该为了我们的将来而选择那些有挑战性的课程。首先，在越来越重视人才的社会，掌握先进知识必将提高我们的竞争力。而且，通往成功的道路是充满阻碍和艰辛的。任何渴望成功的人必须意识到成功没有捷径，因为所有的成就都是来自于艰苦的尝试和努力。上难度高的课程能培养我们挑战和艰苦奋斗的精神。
总的来说，学生应该选择那些从长远来看带给他们好处的课程。只有这样，我们才能度过一段有意义的、积极的大学生活。
解析：
【题目分析】
根据题目要求和图片信息，不难看出图片阐释当今大学生中普遍存在的一个现象：即很多大学生只选择那些给分高、容易通过的课程。
本篇作文有两种写法：（1）阐述图片——分析两种选课方式的利弊——提出个人意见；（2）阐述图片——提出学生应该选择知识新、重创新的课程并解释原因——再次强调自己的看法。
【文章大纲】
第一段：阐述图片，简要说明两种课程的特点。
第二段：提出个人主张，即学生应该选择知识新、重创新的课程，并解释原因。
第三段：再次强调自己的看法。
喵呜刷题：让学习像火箭一样快速，快来微信扫码，体验免费刷题服务，开启你的学习加速器！
