一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again (1)_____ that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by (2)_____. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive (3)_____ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one (4)_____ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives (5)_____, people will simply become lazy and depressed. (6)_____, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for (7)_____ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the (8)_____ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction (9)_____ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many (10)_____ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
But it doesn’t (11)_____ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the (12)_____ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the (13)_____ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could (14)_____ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the (15)_____ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
These days, because leisure time is relatively (16)_____ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional (17)_____ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel (18)_____,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself (19)_____ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for (20)_____ matters.
1、(1)
A、boasting
B、denying
C、warning
D、ensuring
解析：
答案精析：文章首句指出，几百年来，人们一直猜测未来会没有工作；之后提及，现在也一样，学者、作家、激进人士再一次 技术会取代人类，由此可知此处应是对未来的预测，并且内容为负面的，即会对人类产生不利的影响，动作的发出者是学者等人，他们应该是想提醒人们这种不利的影响，所以此空应填入一个和“提醒，警示”意思相近的词。因此选择C项。
错项排除：A项boasting指“吹嘘；炫耀”，其后接的内容应为正面、积极的信息，空格后为负面信息，故排除。从Today is no different 和空前的once again可知，本句和上一句表达意思一致，即人类会没有工作，因而B选项“否认”与原文含义相悖，故排除。C项ensuring意为“确保”，表达“肯定”的语气，而空格后的宾语从句的语境为“推测”，因此排除C项。
2、(2)
A、inequality
B、instability
C、unreliability
D、uncertainty
解析：
答案精析：由空格前的be defined by可知，空格处应填入一个可以表示无工作世界特点或含义的词。空格后指出，一些富人将拥有全部资本，而普通大众将在贫穷的荒原上挣扎，由此可知，无工作世界的出现会导致“不平等”的特点，因此选择A项。
错项排除：B项instability意为“不稳定”，经常表示经济不稳定（economic instability）、政治不稳定（political instability）和情绪不稳定（emotional instability），此处表示富人和穷人之间的差距，因此排除B项。C项unreliability意为“不可靠”，无工作的世界为客观环境，不存在可靠与否，因此排除C项。D项uncertainty意为“不确定”，文章指出财富严重分化，并不意味着财富的不确定性，因此排除D项。
3、(3)
A、policy
B、guideline
C、resolution
D、prediction
解析：
答案精析：上一段描述了一些人对于“无工作世界”的猜想，本句承上启下，表达了另外一些人的观点，因此空格处应填入表示“猜想”的词。prediction意为“预测；猜想”，符合题意，因此选择D项。
错项排除：A项policy意为“政策”，一般指官方批准或采取的、针对某种情况的政策或做法。B项guideline意为“指导方针”，指官方发布的、针对某种问题的指导方针或行动。C项resolution意为“解决方法”，表示对问题、纠纷、困难处境的解决方法。这三个选项都是对问题进行处理，故排除。
4、(4)
A、characterized
B、divided
C、balanced
D、measured
解析：
答案精析：空格处所填词修饰one，而one是前文中wasteland的同位语，故空处所填词应表明另一种荒原的特征。上一段内容用be defined by来描述无工作世界的特点，因此空格处也应填入一个和defined意思相近的词。be characterized by为固定搭配，意为“以……为特点”，故选择A项。
错项排除：B项divided与by搭配有两层含义，一是被分成若干部分，二是数学中的“除”，两种含义均不符合题意，故排除B项。C项balanced意为“使平衡；使均衡”，结合文章可知，“荒原”不能与“相互平衡”搭配，故排除C项。D项measured意为“测量；以……来衡量”，结合原文可知，漫无目的地衡量荒原不符合逻辑，故排除D项。
5、(5)
A、wisdom
B、meaning
C、glory
D、freedom
解析：
答案精析：空格处位于冒号之后，是对purposelessness的具体解释：没有工作赋予生活____，人们会变得懒惰和沮丧。空格处与purposelessness相呼应，由于空格前有without，因此空格处应填入与purposelessness意义相反的词汇，meaning意为“意义”，符合题意，因此选择B项。
错项排除：A、C项填入空格意为：工作赋予生活智慧/荣耀，不符合语义逻辑，故排除。D项freedom意为“自由”，根据常识可知，工作在一定程度上会降低自由的程度，因此D项不符逻辑，故排除。
6、(6)
A、Instead
B、Indeed
C、Thus
D、Nevertheless
解析：
答案精析：根据上一句可知，没有工作，人们会变得懒惰而沮丧，说明没有工作对人们产生了负面影响。空格所在句也指出，没有工作的人日子不好过，这说明了失业对人们的负面影响。前后语义一致，都在强调工作的重要性，因此应选择表顺承的Indeed。
错项排除：A项Instead表示前后的动作是相反的，C项Thus表示因果关系，D项Nevertheless表转折，这三个选项的逻辑关系均与原文不符，故排除。
7、(7)
A、rich
B、urban
C、working
D、educated
解析：
答案精析：根据空格所在句可知，在失业至少一年的美国人中，20%表示患有抑郁症，其比例是_____美国人的两倍。两者进行比较，强调前者患病概率大，根据逻辑推断，失业对应就业，所以相比较的另一类人应该是指“有工作的人”。空格处填入working（有工作的）更符合语境，因此选择C项。
错项排除：A、B和D项均可以修饰Americans表示某类人群，但是无法直接与who have been unemployed（无业的）这一信息形成对比关系，故排除。
8、第八段
A、explanation
B、requirement
C、compensation
D、substitute
解析：
答案精析：空格位于that引导的宾语从句中，从句句子主干为the for rising rates of…is shortage of well-paid jobs。通过语义判断，“未受良好教育的中年人出现的各种问题”与“缺少高薪工作”之间是因果关系，因此选择explanation（解释）。
错项排除：B项requirement (for)意为“要求”，表示实现某种事情的必备条件，填入空格处表示“患病率上升的条件是缺少高薪工作”，显然不符合原文，故排除。C项compensation (for)表示“对……补偿”，填入空格处表示“患病率上升的补偿是缺少高薪工作”，显然不符合逻辑，故排除。D项substitute (for)意为“替代”，前后应该为功能或作用类似的事物，但原文的rising rates和shortage of well-paid jobs显然不是同类的事物，故排除。
9、第九段
A、under
B、beyond
C、alongside
D、among
解析：
答案精析：空格前一句为出现的一系列问题，空格后为出现这些问题的人群，根据语义可知，此处指在这些人群中出现的问题，因此选择介词among。
错项排除：其他三个选项填入原文均不符合题意，故排除。
10、第十段
A、leave behind
B、make up
C、worry about
D、set aside
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句指，这就是为什么许多人______没有工作而带来的枯燥无聊。本段主要介绍了失去工作的坏处，因此人们对这种状态应该是担忧的。C项worry about表示“担心”，符合题意。故选择C项。
错项排除：A项leave behind意为“留下”，而空格处的宾语为dullness，不符合语义，故排除。B项make up意为“构成；组成”，其后的宾语可以是群体、比例、数量等，而文中的宾语是一种情绪，因此排除B项。D项set aside意为“不理会，不考虑”，与文中的逻辑相反，因此排除D项。
11、(11)
A、statistically
B、occasionally
C、necessarily
D、economically
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入副词，修饰动词短语follow from。句意为：不用工作的世界将充满忧虑并不会______随着这些发现而来。上一段主要介绍工作的消极影响，而本段开头使用But引导转折，表明不工作也有积极的方面，C项necessarily意为“必定地”，填入原文指，但这并不一定意味着没有工作的世界会充满不安，符合语义，因此选择C项。
错项排除：空格后只是进行逻辑推理，并没有涉及统计学和经济学上的推理方式，故排除A和D项。后文的推测与频率无关，因此排除B项。
12、(12)
A、chances
B、downsides
C、benefits
D、principles
解析：
答案精析：空格处所在段是对悲观假设的反思。前一句提出，之前的推论未必完全正确，接着给出具体的理由，Such visions指的是前文对无工作世界的猜想和推测，而前文又一直在对这些猜想的不利方面进行描述。由此可知，推论是建立在失业的种种缺点之上，因此选择B项。
错项排除：A项chances意为“机会；可能性”，填入文中指“失业的可能性”，但上文不涉及对“失业概率”进行阐述，因此排除A项。C项benefits意为“有利方面”，与上文所述的不工作的不利方面相悖，因此排除C项。D项principles意为“原则；原理”，而“失业的原则”这一说法明显不符合逻辑，故排除D项。
13、(13)
A、absence
B、height
C、face
D、course
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入名词，构成In the…of work，表示条件。空格后说到，对未来的劳动和休闲完全不同的情况（strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure），由此可知，此句说的是关于工作的某种条件对未来的影响。本段主要说的是无工作的积极影响，因此选择absence。in the absence of意为“没有；缺少”，因此选择A项。
错项排除：B项(in the) height (of)意为“在……顶峰”，填入文中指“在工作的高峰期”，这与本文讨论的主题不符，故排除B项。C项(in the) face (of)意为“面对；由于”，与原文意思不符，故排除。D项(in the) course (of)意为“在……期间”，与原文不符，故排除。
14、十四题
A、disturb
B、restore
C、exclude
D、yield
解析：
答案精析：空格前为主语a society designed with other ends in mind（头脑中想着其他目标的社会），空格后为宾语strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure（对未来的劳动和休闲的完全不同的情况）。头脑中思考的东西发生变化，自然会使劳动和休闲方式发生变化。D项yield（产生）符合题意，表示产生不同的情况。
错项排除：A项disturb意为“打扰”，表示破坏环境或氛围。B项restore意为“恢复；修复”，其后接原有事物的状态，而空格后为strikingly different circumstances（不同于过去的新形势）。C项exclude意为“排除；排斥”，含有阻碍产生结果的意思，与文意相反。故三项均错误。
15、(15)
A、model
B、practice
C、virtue
D、hardship
解析：
答案精析：空格处意为：如今，工作带来的________也许有点被夸大了。空格处所指应是工作的某一方面被夸大了。本段对前文描述的负面影响作转折，说明不工作的世界是有好处的，下文又接着介绍了工作枯燥乏味、不体面、不健康。因此空格处应指工作并不是像人们认为的那样有很多优点，因此空格处应填入virtue（优点）。
错项排除：A项和B项不涉及好坏程度，因此不存在是否夸大，无法与overblown搭配，因此排除A项和B项。D项hardship意为“困难；困境”，填入空格表示“困难被夸大了”，而下文并没有涉及这一话题，故排除D项。
16、(16)
A、tricky
B、lengthy
C、mysterious
D、scarce
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入形容词。根据空格所在句的句意，现如今，对于大多数人来说，空闲的时间相对______。根据常识可知，工作者空闲时间是较少的。空格所在句的后一句中提到a hard day’s work（一天辛苦工作），也提示出此空选scarce。因此选择D项。
错项排除：A项tricky意为“狡猾的”，不能用于说明时间。B项lengthy意为“长时间的”，与文意相反，故排除。C项mysterious意为“神秘的”，不符合文意，故排除。
17、(17)
A、demands
B、standards
C、qualities
D、threats
解析：
答案精析：空格处填入名词，作counterbalance的宾语，此处意为“用空闲时间抵消工作中的脑力和情感______”。空闲时间显然应该是用来放松的，能与之产生相反的作用只能是“工作上有关脑力和情感的消耗”。A项意为“要求；需求”，填入文中表示工作时需要付出脑力和情感的要求，符合语义。
错项排除：B项standards意为“标准”，工作的标准是固定的，不需要平衡或抵消，故排除B项。C项qualities意为“质量”，填入空中指工作质量，不符合文意，故排除。D项threats意为“威胁”，填入空格中指工作对人构成的威胁，不符合逻辑，故排除D项。
长难句分析：These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs.
本句为复合句，主句主语为people，谓语动词为use，宾语为free time，动词不定式to counterbalance…作目的状语，其中because引导原因状语从句。
句意为：现在，对于大多数有工作的人来说，休闲时间很少，人们通常利用空闲时间平衡工作中的脑力和情感的需要。
18、(18)
A、ignored
B、tired
C、confused
D、starved
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入形容词，具体说明辛劳工作一天（a hard day’s work）之后的感觉。上文提及人们现在空闲时间少；而下文提及，如果不用工作，人们会有更多的时间和精力专注于个人爱好，由此可知，此处应该表示工作完成后很疲劳，因此选择B项。
错项排除：A、C和D项均可与feel搭配，但是与上文“抵消工作对脑力和情感的要求”以及下文“不用工作，有精力发展业余爱好”无关，故排除。
19、(19)
A、off
B、against
C、behind
D、into
解析：
答案精析：空格处所在句为throw himself ______ a hobby or a passion…，空格处应填入介词和前面的throw搭配。throw oneself into…为固定搭配，意为“投身于，积极从事”，故选择D项。
错项排除：A项throw off意为“摆脱束缚或疾病”，而文中的宾语为a hobby和a passion project，表示一种积极的兴趣爱好，不能说摆脱爱好，故排除。B项throw against意为“朝……扔”，表示的是一种身体动作，其后不能跟a hobby or a passion project，故排除。C项throw behind表示“将……扔掉”，但文中的宾语为himself，语义不通，故排除。
20、(20)
A、technological
B、professional
C、educational
D、interpersonal
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入形容词，修饰matters。空格处意为，专心致志地投入到自身的爱好和激情中，这种专注（intensity）只能为另一目的而预留，不能轻易浪费。上文提到人们利用空闲时间来平衡工作中智力及感情的需要可知，这种“专注”在之前都被用于处理工作相关的事，因此空格处应填入与“工作”有关的词汇，故选择B项。
错项排除：A、C和D项都能与matters搭配，也能体现积极的意义，但文章强调的是业余爱好与工作的关系，因此三项均不符合题意。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation”. The success of Parkrun offers answers.
Parkun is not a race but a time trial: your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
21、21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has ________.
A、gained great popularity
B、created many jobs
C、strengthened community ties
D、become an official festival
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 1和Parkrun可定位至文章首段。根据第一段可知，“公园跑”参加人数有五万多人，英国有400个类似的项目，最后一句提及参与“公园跑”的人涉及各个年龄阶段。由此可知，“公园跑”的参与人数多，涉及各个年龄阶段，普及程度很高，故选择A项。
错项排除：文章提及公园跑活动的工作人员由数千名志愿者组成，而B项则是对文章信息的误读，因此排除B项。文章在最后一段出现了community，但没有具体说明跑步对社区的影响，故排除C项。文章第二段出现official，但并未提到这是一个官方的节日，并且文章提及参与人数多，老少皆有，说明活动是民间的，因此排除D项。
22、22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to ________.
A、boost population growth
B、promote sport participation
C、improve the city’s image
D、increase sport hours in schools
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的London’s Olympic “legacy” 和failed可定位至第二段第一句。该段第四句指出了伦敦奥运会的期望是国民可以健康（fitter, healthier），随后紧接着说到这一期望并没有发生。随后指出成人和小学生的运动参与人数和时间均有下降。该段末尾也提到肥胖率上升（obesity has risen）。由此可见，伦敦奥运会没有达到人们的期望，未能有效促进民众参加体育运动，因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章第二段提到the general population was growing faster，“人口增长”是自然规律，并非是未能实现的目标，因此排除A项。原文中并未提及提升城市形象的内容，因此排除C项。第二段倒数第四句提到“每周进行两小时体育锻炼的小学生的数量几乎减半”，由此可知，伦敦奥运会“遗留影响”未能增加校内体育锻炼的时间，因此D项错误。
23、23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ________.
A、aims at discovering talents
B、focuses on mass competition
C、does not emphasize elitism
D、does not attract first-timers
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的different和Olympic games可定位至第三段第四句。定位句中的by contrast前后内容对“公园跑”和奥运会作了对比。by contrast前面的内容说到，“公园跑”并不是一种比赛，而且它欢迎所有人参加。by contrast后面的内容说到，奥运会拥护者想让更多的人进行体育运动，以产生更多的精英运动员。由此可见，“公园跑”的目的并不在于产生精英，原文中的elite athletes对应C项中的elitism，因此选择C项。
错项排除：由原文定位句可知，“公园跑”的目的不在于发现人才，因此A项错误。文章指出公园跑的目的在于大众参与，而非大众竞争，因此排除B项。文章第三段指出，公园跑能吸引首次参加运动的人，因此D项错误。
24、24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should ________.
A、organize “grassroots” sports events
B、supervise local sports associations
C、increase funds for sports clubs
D、invest in public sports facilities
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的mass sport和governments可定位到文章第四段第二句。定位句指出，如果政府可以扮演角色，它应该致力于提供公共设施（providing common goods），确保有地方修建运动场。由此可知，作者认为政府应该投资建设公共体育设施，故答案为D项。
错项排除：文章第四段首句提到，如果国家像社区体育协会那样组织“草根”体育活动的话，听起来会有点可笑，因此A项错误。B项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章未提及对体育俱乐部增加资金投入，因此排除C项。
25、25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ________.
A、tolerant
B、critical
C、uncertain
D、sympathetic
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的关键词author’s attitude和UK governments可定位至文章第四段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，历届政府掌管着售卖绿地，压榨地方政府的资金，不关注体育教育。而作者在之前提到，政府应该投资建设公共体育设施。但是政府的作为完全与作者的期望相反，因此作者是在批判政府的一系列行为，因此选择B项。
错项排除：从作者对政府的指责可知，作者对政府的态度非常明确，其他选项中的宽容、同情和不确定都不正确。
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
26、26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ________.
A、simplify routine matters
B、absorb user attention
C、better interpersonal relations
D、increase work efficiency
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中Jenny Radesky和designed to可定位至第一段第二句。该定位句指出，珍妮·罗德斯基在她关于数字游戏的研究中指出，技术设计的初衷就是把你吸引住，数码产品本身就是要让关注达到最大化。由此可知，罗德斯基认为数字产品设计的初衷就是吸引用户，B项是对原文中suck on you in和maximal engagement的同义改写。因此选择B项。
错项排除：第一段结尾出现routine，但这里说的是数码产品渗透到家庭日常生活（family routine），并没有提到简化问题，因此A项错误。C项在原文中未提及，故排除。原文没有提到工作效率，并且与家庭场景不符，因此排除D项。
27、27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ________.
A、takes away babies’ appetite
B、distracts children’s attention
C、slows down babies’ verbal development
D、reduces mother-child communication
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的food-testing exercise可定位至第二段第一、二句。根据定位句可知，罗德斯基通过测试发现，使用电子设备的母亲与孩子的口头互动减少了20%，而非语言交流则减少了30%。由此可见，母亲使用电子设备会减少母子间的交流，原文中的interactions对应D项中的communication，因此选择D项。
错项排除：文章对罗德斯基的测试进行了描述，未提及宝宝的食欲或分散注意力问题，因此排除A项和B项。文章中提及实验中母子会减少语言交流，但这并不能说明会减缓宝宝的语言发展，因此C项错误。
28、28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that ________.
A、it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
B、verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
C、children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
D、parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的still face experiment可定位至第三段中的第二至四句。第三句指出母亲由正常交流变得面无表情时，孩子会感到迷惑和不安。之后又提及父母应对孩子的情感需求作出反应和保持敏感（responsive and sensitive）。由此可推断出“静止面部实验”的目的是要求父母对孩子们的情感需求做出回应，因此选择D项。
错项排除：文章指出孩子会对空洞的表情感到苦恼，因此A项错误。原文没有论述言语表达和情感交流之间的关系，因此排除B项。原文第三段第三句指出，母亲表情发生变化时，孩子是有所察觉和反映的，因此C项错误。
29、29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to ________.
A、protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
B、teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
C、ensure constant interaction with their children
D、remain concerned about kids’ use of screens
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的oppressive ideology和requires parents可定位至文章第四段第一句。根据定位句可知，关于孩子使用电子设备的焦虑是来自一种“具有压抑性的意识形态，该理念要求父母应该与孩子一直保持互动”。由此可知，特罗尼克提出的压制性意识形态要求父母确保孩子之间经常互动，原文中always be interacting对应C项中的constant interaction，因此选择C项。
错项排除：文章提及这种意识形态具有想象性，但并未说明保护孩子不受疯狂幻想的影响，故排除A项。原文提及三万个词汇，但并未说明每年教孩子至少三万个词汇，故排除B项。原文并没有说父母要对孩子使用电子产品担心，事实上孩子使用电子产品也会给父母带来好处，D项与原文相悖，故排除。
长难句分析：On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children.
本句为复合句，On the other hand为插入语，表示转折。主句部分为Tronick himself is concerned，其后跟宾语从句that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology；而宾语从句中包含定语从句that demands…修饰ideology，和宾语从句that parents should always be interacting” with their children，作demands的宾语。
句意为：另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心，关于孩子使用电子设备的焦虑是来自一种“具有压抑性的意识形态”，该理念要求父母应该与孩子一直保持互动。
30、30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may ________.
A、give their parents some free time
B、make their parents more creative
C、help them with their homework
D、help them become more attentive
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Tronick和kids’ use of screens可定位至第四段第二句。根据定位句可知，特罗尼克认为，即使孩子们不能从屏幕里学到东西，不代表它没有价值，尤其是如果它让父母有时间洗澡、做家务或者从照顾孩子中得到休息。由此可知，孩子们使用电子设备会让他们的父母有一些自由的时间。因此选择A项。
错项排除：文章并未指出父母的创造力是否与使用电子设备有关，因此排除B项。原文提及让父母有时间做家务，并未说明使用电子设备会帮助他们做作业，因此C项错误。原文并未提及孩子使用电子设备与注意力之间的关系，因此排除D项。
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.
But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.
31、31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ________.
A、they think it academically misleading
B、they have a lot of fun to expect in college
C、it feels strange to do differently from others
D、it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的reasons和not taking a gap year可定位至原文第一段。第一段第一句说到学生常常完全忽视间隔年这一选择，紧接着，第二句给出了具体原因：高中毕业生看到身边认识的人都在秋季上大学了，自己却要落后一年，看起来很愚蠢。由此可知，度过间隔年与其他人做法不同，并且这会让自己显得很愚蠢，因此很多高中毕业生不选择度过间隔年，正确答案为C项。
错项排除：第一段最后一句出现academic，此处说的是花一年时间做跟学习无关的事（spend a year doing something that isn’t academic），与对学业产生误导无关，因此排除A项。原文没有提及高中毕业生对高校生活的期待，因此排除B项。D项中的off-campus courses并未在原文中提及，故排除。
32、32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ________.
A、keep students from being unrealistic
B、lower risks in choosing careers
C、ease freshmen’s financial burdens
D、relieve freshmen of pressures
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Studies from the US and Australia可定位至原文第三段第一、二句。根据定位句可知，间隔年并不会拖学生的后腿，而会促进学生进步，让他们更能适应未来的独立生活、新责任和新的环境变化。段末也提到间隔年可以减轻大学生为适应新环境所受到的冲击。由此可知，间隔年有助于缓解大学新生的压力，故选择D项。
错项排除：文章并未提及大学生是否会变得不现实，因此排除A项。原文第四段提出专业选择的问题，但没有说到职业选择，因此B项错误。第四段第一句中提及financial impact，这里说的是指出间隔年对大学专业的选择有经济的影响，即间隔年可以避免学生因选错专业而花冤枉钱，并不是说它可以减轻大学生的经济负担，因此C项错误。
33、33. The word “acclimation” (Line 7, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、adaptation
B、application
C、motivation
D、competition
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中“acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3)可定位至文章第三段最后一句。根据定位句可知，间隔年可以让学生调整状态，适应大学生活，学生因此能更加专注学业和学生活动上。making it…是定位句的结果状语，其逻辑主语也是句首的Gap year（间隔年）。结果状语是为对其主语“间隔年”的作用做进一步说明，由此可知，“acclimation”与前面的“adjusting”有关系，因此正确答案为A项。
错项排除：本段未涉及“应用”、“动机”和“竞争”等问题，因此排除B、C、D三项。
34、34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them ________.
A、avoid academic failures
B、establish long-term goals
C、switch to another college
D、decide on the right major
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的save money和by helping可定位至文章第四段第一句。根据定位句可知，如果度过间隔年不能让你寻找自己的兴趣的内在价值，可以想想间隔年对未来的学业选择的经济价值。随后作者指出，大多数大学生换过专业，而换专业需要花费更多的钱，因此利用间隔年想清楚自己的专业可以帮助学生节省金钱，因此D项正确。
错项排除：文章未提及学业失败和设立长期目标，因此A项和B项错误。原文一直在讨论换专业的问题，并未涉及转到其他大学，因此C项错误。
35、35. The most suitable title for this text would be ________.
A、In Favor of the Gap Year
B、The ABCs of the Gap Year
C、The Gap Year Comes Back
D、The Gap Year: A Dilemma
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的title for this text可知，本题需要通读全文，并概括文章大意。文章开头提出高中毕业生往往不会考虑度过间隔年再去上大学；之后提出间隔年有利于学生的学业，第三段和第四段分别从心理准备和经济影响两个方面介绍间隔年的好处，因此整篇文章都在介绍间隔年的好处，因此A项（支持间隔年）更符合题意。
错项排除：文章并未介绍间隔年的基本情况，因此B项错误。文章第一段指出，大部分高中毕业生不会选择间隔年，谈不上间隔年会come back，因此排除C项。作者在文章中的态度非常明确，提出了间隔年的优点，因此D项中的“两难选择”有误，故排除。
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going toward the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affects the lives of all Americans.
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
36、36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ______.
A、exhausted unprecedented management efforts
B、consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C、severely damaged the ecology of western states
D、caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的wildfires和in 2015可定位至文章第二段第一句。根据定位句可知，美国森林管理局将过半的年度预算用于消防工作，这一比例是20年前的两倍，并且这一花费之高是首次出现的情况。由此可知，花费在火灾上的预算百分比发到了历史最高值。因此选择B项。
错项排除：第二段第一句提到的for the first time，第二段第二句中的management确实在A项中有所体现，但这属于细节拼凑，原文并没有说到此项内容，因此排除A项。第一段出现western states和ecology，但前者说的是野火通常被视为西部各州的问题，而后者指莫里兹的身份（火灾生态学专家），因此C项为断章取义，故排除。原文第二段最后一句说到infrastructure upkeep（基础设施维护）问题，但这里说的是对此项花费更少了（fewer federal funds），与D项内容不符，因此D项错误。
37、37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to ________.
A、raise more funds for fire-prone areas
B、avoid the redirection of federal money
C、find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
D、guarantee safer spending of public funds
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“a magnifying glass”可定位至文章第四段第二句。定位句指出，我们需要戴上放大镜看待此事。根据前一句可知，从公共支出的角度看，这对全国人民来说已经是个大问题了。而定位句后一句指出，我们是不是要把那些资金改投到土地风险更低的地方？由此可知，“公共开支”问题就是需要用放大镜看待的问题，而段末的反问句则是在暗示公共开支应该用在风险较低的地方。因此使用“放大镜”是为了确保公共基金更安全地使用，因此选择D项。
错项排除：原文未提及为易发火灾地区筹集更多的经费，也未提及不发生火灾的地区，因此A项和C项错误。原文第四段最后一句提及，经费流向改变，但只是以规避高风险地区为例，并未提及联邦经费的流向，因此B项错误。
38、38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that ________.
A、public debates have not settled yet
B、fire-fighting conditions are improving
C、other factors should not be overlooked
D、a shift in the view of fire has taken place
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的a key element和Moritz notes可定位至第七段。根据第七段可知，莫里兹认为尽管气候确实是一个关键因素，但不应忽视其他因素的影响。at the expense of sth.意为“以损失某物为代价”，the rest of the equation指“其余影响因素”，不应该以牺牲其他因素为代价，也就是说不能忽视其他因素，比如第八段提到的人与环境，因此C项正确。
错项排除：文章未提及大众是否对此话题进行了讨论，因此排除A项。第六段第一句指出温室气体导致火灾更易发生，并未说明扑灭火灾的条件正在改善，因此排除B项。第五段提出人们应该改变观念，换一种方式看待火灾，而不是已经改变，因此D项错误。
39、39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ________.
A、discover the fundamental makeup of nature
B、explore the mechanism of the human systems
C、maximize the role of landscape in human life
D、understand the interrelations of man and nature
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的overly simplified view可定位至第八段第二句。根据定位句可知，如果不能理解这一点将会导致在思考可能的解决办法时观点过于简单。根据第八段首句可知，人类社会跟我们所处的环境是联系的，其中互动是双向的。定位句所说的“如果不能理解这一点”指的就是如果不能理解人类社会和自然环境是相联系的。因此选择D项。
错项排除：A项和B项都是单纯提到自然和人类，不涉及两者之间的关系，故可排除。文章提及要意识到两者之间的关系，但并未提及最大化自然环境在人类生活中的作用，因此排除C项。
40、40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should ________.
A、do away with
B、come to terms with
C、pay a price for
D、keep away from
解析：
答案精析：根据Professor Balch和fire可定位至倒数两段。倒数第二段段首首句提到，人们依然认为火是一种需要被完全控制，在必要时才释放的东西。随后用But表示转折，鲍尔奇教授提出，火在人类生活中是不可避免的，这种态度对法律和政策的制定，以及将火尽量控制在安全范围之内是非常重要的。由此可知，鲍尔奇教授认为对于火的必然存在，人们应该采取一种接受的态度，因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章提到鲍尔奇教授将人们想要完全消除和控制火灾的想法作为一种谬论批判，因此A项错误。原文中并未提及要付出代价，因此排除C项。文章最后提及人们不能隔断人类与火的联系，因此D项错误，故排除。
长难句分析：But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
本句主语为acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life，表语为an attitude，表语的后置定语为crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices，其后为that引导的定语从句，修饰laws, policies and practices，she says为插入语，用于说明信息的来源。
句意为：但是，我们要知道火在人类生活中是不可避免的，这种态度对法律和政策的制定，以及将火尽量控制在安全范围之内是非常重要的，她说。
41、 The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming into the workforce, but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating,” he says.
But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.
These concerns aren’t misplaced: employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.
“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.
参考答案：EAGBF
解析：
选项分析
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
表示他换到电机工程是因为他喜欢和工具打交道。
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
指出不需要太多技能的工作岗位有足够的劳动力。
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
指出美国不再制造任何东西。
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
相信密切关注工人的年龄很重要。
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
表示对工厂老板而言，竞争激烈导致招工更加困难。
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
指出工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人加入制造业。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.
指出制造业衰退是造成年轻人的父母失业的原因。
试题解析
答案精析：根据题干中的Jay Dunwell可定位至第五段。根据文章第五段首句可知，对于工厂老板而言，其结果就是招工的激烈竞争以及薪酬上升的压力。而第二句又说到，招人变得很困难，而且他们已经有工作机会了。由此可知，由于竞争激烈，使得招收新员工更难了。因此选择E项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Jason Stenquist可定位至第七段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，詹森·斯滕奎斯特说他从学医转到电机工程，因为他喜欢跟工具打交道，因此选择A项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Birgit Klohs可定位至文章第八段。根据比吉特·克洛斯的话可知，千禧一代都记得父母曾双双被裁员，他们将此责怪到衰退的制造业头上。G项中的manufacturing recession是原词复现，is to blame for对应原文中的blame it on，因此G项符合题意。
答案精析：根据题干中的Rob Spohr可定位至第十段。第十段引用Rob Spohr的话说明劳动力缺口的情况，并以此来表明劳动缺口存在于需要大量技能的工作上。倒数第二句指出，麦当劳和其他不需要员工有太多技能的地方招满了人，也就是说不需太多技能的工作劳动力都很充足。B项中的enough people和don’t need much skill为原文的同义复现，因此选择B项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Julie Parks可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段首句可知，吸引千禧一代进入制造业的另一个关键在于工作和生活之间的平衡。F项中的a work/life balance是文章的原词复现，因此正确答案为F项。
选项分析
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
表示他换到电机工程是因为他喜欢和工具打交道。
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
指出不需要太多技能的工作岗位有足够的劳动力。
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
指出美国不再制造任何东西。
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
相信密切关注工人的年龄很重要。
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
表示对工厂老板而言，竞争激烈导致招工更加困难。
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
指出工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人加入制造业。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.
指出制造业衰退是造成年轻人的父母失业的原因。
试题解析
答案精析：根据题干中的Jay Dunwell可定位至第五段。根据文章第五段首句可知，对于工厂老板而言，其结果就是招工的激烈竞争以及薪酬上升的压力。而第二句又说到，招人变得很困难，而且他们已经有工作机会了。由此可知，由于竞争激烈，使得招收新员工更难了。因此选择E项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Jason Stenquist可定位至第七段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，詹森·斯滕奎斯特说他从学医转到电机工程，因为他喜欢跟工具打交道，因此选择A项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Birgit Klohs可定位至文章第八段。根据比吉特·克洛斯的话可知，千禧一代都记得父母曾双双被裁员，他们将此责怪到衰退的制造业头上。G项中的manufacturing recession是原词复现，is to blame for对应原文中的blame it on，因此G项符合题意。
答案精析：根据题干中的Rob Spohr可定位至第十段。第十段引用Rob Spohr的话说明劳动力缺口的情况，并以此来表明劳动缺口存在于需要大量技能的工作上。倒数第二句指出，麦当劳和其他不需要员工有太多技能的地方招满了人，也就是说不需太多技能的工作劳动力都很充足。B项中的enough people和don’t need much skill为原文的同义复现，因此选择B项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Julie Parks可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段首句可知，吸引千禧一代进入制造业的另一个关键在于工作和生活之间的平衡。F项中的a work/life balance是文章的原词复现，因此正确答案为F项。
选项分析
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
表示他换到电机工程是因为他喜欢和工具打交道。
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
指出不需要太多技能的工作岗位有足够的劳动力。
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
指出美国不再制造任何东西。
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
相信密切关注工人的年龄很重要。
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
表示对工厂老板而言，竞争激烈导致招工更加困难。
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
指出工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人加入制造业。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.
指出制造业衰退是造成年轻人的父母失业的原因。
试题解析
答案精析：根据题干中的Jay Dunwell可定位至第五段。根据文章第五段首句可知，对于工厂老板而言，其结果就是招工的激烈竞争以及薪酬上升的压力。而第二句又说到，招人变得很困难，而且他们已经有工作机会了。由此可知，由于竞争激烈，使得招收新员工更难了。因此选择E项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Jason Stenquist可定位至第七段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，詹森·斯滕奎斯特说他从学医转到电机工程，因为他喜欢跟工具打交道，因此选择A项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Birgit Klohs可定位至文章第八段。根据比吉特·克洛斯的话可知，千禧一代都记得父母曾双双被裁员，他们将此责怪到衰退的制造业头上。G项中的manufacturing recession是原词复现，is to blame for对应原文中的blame it on，因此G项符合题意。
答案精析：根据题干中的Rob Spohr可定位至第十段。第十段引用Rob Spohr的话说明劳动力缺口的情况，并以此来表明劳动缺口存在于需要大量技能的工作上。倒数第二句指出，麦当劳和其他不需要员工有太多技能的地方招满了人，也就是说不需太多技能的工作劳动力都很充足。B项中的enough people和don’t need much skill为原文的同义复现，因此选择B项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Julie Parks可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段首句可知，吸引千禧一代进入制造业的另一个关键在于工作和生活之间的平衡。F项中的a work/life balance是文章的原词复现，因此正确答案为F项。
选项分析
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
表示他换到电机工程是因为他喜欢和工具打交道。
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
指出不需要太多技能的工作岗位有足够的劳动力。
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
指出美国不再制造任何东西。
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
相信密切关注工人的年龄很重要。
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
表示对工厂老板而言，竞争激烈导致招工更加困难。
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
指出工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人加入制造业。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.
指出制造业衰退是造成年轻人的父母失业的原因。
试题解析
答案精析：根据题干中的Jay Dunwell可定位至第五段。根据文章第五段首句可知，对于工厂老板而言，其结果就是招工的激烈竞争以及薪酬上升的压力。而第二句又说到，招人变得很困难，而且他们已经有工作机会了。由此可知，由于竞争激烈，使得招收新员工更难了。因此选择E项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Jason Stenquist可定位至第七段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，詹森·斯滕奎斯特说他从学医转到电机工程，因为他喜欢跟工具打交道，因此选择A项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Birgit Klohs可定位至文章第八段。根据比吉特·克洛斯的话可知，千禧一代都记得父母曾双双被裁员，他们将此责怪到衰退的制造业头上。G项中的manufacturing recession是原词复现，is to blame for对应原文中的blame it on，因此G项符合题意。
答案精析：根据题干中的Rob Spohr可定位至第十段。第十段引用Rob Spohr的话说明劳动力缺口的情况，并以此来表明劳动缺口存在于需要大量技能的工作上。倒数第二句指出，麦当劳和其他不需要员工有太多技能的地方招满了人，也就是说不需太多技能的工作劳动力都很充足。B项中的enough people和don’t need much skill为原文的同义复现，因此选择B项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Julie Parks可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段首句可知，吸引千禧一代进入制造业的另一个关键在于工作和生活之间的平衡。F项中的a work/life balance是文章的原词复现，因此正确答案为F项。
选项分析
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
表示他换到电机工程是因为他喜欢和工具打交道。
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
指出不需要太多技能的工作岗位有足够的劳动力。
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
指出美国不再制造任何东西。
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
相信密切关注工人的年龄很重要。
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
表示对工厂老板而言，竞争激烈导致招工更加困难。
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
指出工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人加入制造业。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.
指出制造业衰退是造成年轻人的父母失业的原因。
试题解析
答案精析：根据题干中的Jay Dunwell可定位至第五段。根据文章第五段首句可知，对于工厂老板而言，其结果就是招工的激烈竞争以及薪酬上升的压力。而第二句又说到，招人变得很困难，而且他们已经有工作机会了。由此可知，由于竞争激烈，使得招收新员工更难了。因此选择E项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Jason Stenquist可定位至第七段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，詹森·斯滕奎斯特说他从学医转到电机工程，因为他喜欢跟工具打交道，因此选择A项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Birgit Klohs可定位至文章第八段。根据比吉特·克洛斯的话可知，千禧一代都记得父母曾双双被裁员，他们将此责怪到衰退的制造业头上。G项中的manufacturing recession是原词复现，is to blame for对应原文中的blame it on，因此G项符合题意。
答案精析：根据题干中的Rob Spohr可定位至第十段。第十段引用Rob Spohr的话说明劳动力缺口的情况，并以此来表明劳动缺口存在于需要大量技能的工作上。倒数第二句指出，麦当劳和其他不需要员工有太多技能的地方招满了人，也就是说不需太多技能的工作劳动力都很充足。B项中的enough people和don’t need much skill为原文的同义复现，因此选择B项。
答案精析：根据题干中的Julie Parks可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段首句可知，吸引千禧一代进入制造业的另一个关键在于工作和生活之间的平衡。F项中的a work/life balance是文章的原词复现，因此正确答案为F项。
42、 My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion”.
参考答案：
我一直梦想着能找到一份介于时尚领域和出版领域之间的工作。高中毕业前的两年，我学习了缝纫和设计课程，想着自己以后可以继续学习时尚设计。然而，在这门课上，我发现自己在该领域不够优秀，不足以在未来与其他富有创造力的人竞争。因此我断定：这条道路不适合我。在申请大学之前，我告诉大家自己会选择新闻专业，因为写作曾经是——现在依然是——我最喜欢的活动之一。但是说实话，当时这样说，是因为我认为时尚于我而言就是个梦——我知道，别人根本无法想象我会进入时尚行业！因此，我决定去寻找一些与时尚相关又涉及写作的课程。就在这时，我注意到了“时尚媒体与推广”这门课程。
解析：
生词本
fashion n. 时尚
secondary adj. 中等的
publishing n. 出版业
sewing n. 裁缝；缝纫
journalism n. 新闻学
promotion n. 推广，宣传
apart from 除了（某事物）以外都……
apply for 申请
promotion n. 推广
名师解析
第一句：My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.
表达难点：本句中My dream has always been to…引出梦想的内容，可译为“我一直梦想着”或“我的梦想一直是”，使得文意更连贯、更紧密。an area between fashion and publishing可译为“介于时尚和出版之间的工作”。
第二句：Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.
表达难点：根据句意可进行适当拆分，逗号前为时间状语，可译为“高中毕业前的两年”；后半句thinking...为分词短语作伴随状语，用于表达作者选课时的心理活动。move on to可译为“继续做……”，took a course意为“选择某课程”。
第三句：However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me.
表达难点：本句可采用顺译的翻译方法。主语I realized that意为“我发现”或“我意识到”，compete with意为“与……竞争”；be not good enough to do sth.需译成“不够……，不足以……”。本句decide应理解为“得出结论”，不可译为“下决心”。
第四句：Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities.
表达难点：本句应注重时态变化，本句中writing was, and still is需要译成“写作曾经/过去是，现在也是……”。
第五句：But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!
表达难点：本句中的I said it中的it指上面的I told everyone that I would study journalism，可直译为“我这么说……”。而破折号引出句子，进行进一步解释说明。
第六句：So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.
表达难点：本句中that引导的定语从句可修饰course，说明课程涉及的内容，在翻译较短的定语时可考虑使用前置法，较长的定语时可使用拆分法。本句中的some fashion-related courses that included writing可采用前置法，译为“一些与时尚相关又涉及写作的课程”。
第七句：This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion”.
表达难点：本句中翻译中需注意同位语的处理。句中“Fashion Media & Promotion”作course的同位语，可译为：“时尚媒体与推广”这门课程。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
43、Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to
1) accept the invitation, and
2) introduce the key points of your presentation.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
Dear Professor Williams,
I feel much honored to be invited to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. I am willing to take this opportunity to communicate with international students.
I am considering introducing Chinese culture from the following three aspects. First and foremost, I will present the diversity of Chinese culture, which will include different Chinese customs and festivals, as well as food culture. In addition, I will concentrate on the influence of Chinese culture on global world. With the development of globalization, Chinese culture has been spread into different places and well-known by many people. Last but not least, I will put much stress on how to preserve and spread Chinese culture.
The above is my general arrangement for the presentation. I hope my presentation will impress the foreign students, and thank you again for your invitation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
参考译文
尊敬的威廉姆斯教授：
很荣幸收到为留学生做关于中国文化演讲的邀请。我很愿意借此机会与留学生们沟通与交流。
我打算从以下三方面介绍中国文化。首先，我会介绍中国文化的多样性，包括中国不同的风俗、节日以及饮食文化。除此之外，我会介绍中国文化对世界的影响。随着全球化的发展，中国文化已经遍及世界各地，被很多人所熟知。最后，我会强调如何保护和传播中国文化。
以上是我对此次演讲的大体安排。我希望我的演讲能给留学生留下深刻印象，最后再次感谢您的邀请。
诚挚的，
李明
解析：
本篇作文要求写一封接受演讲邀请的回信，题材为书信。给教授写的回信属于公务信函，应使用正式语体。在写作时需要明确写作内容：接受邀请并简要介绍讲座要点。
44、
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
The above chart shows China’s consecutive growth in numbers of museums and museum visitors from 2013 to 2015. In general, we can see both numbers are on a rising trend. According to the given data, the growth of museums experienced a slowdown while the number of museum visitors still grows rapidly year by year.
The notable changes can be attributed to the following reasons. For one thing, this phenomenon shows that the country is paying great attention to the cultural undertakings, and numerous museums are constructed and open freely to the public. For another thing, with the rising of people’s living standard, it has become natural that people gradually attach greater attention to the spiritual nutrition. Thus, visiting museums has become a willing choice for more people.
From what has been discussed above, we may conclude that the increase of museums and museum visitors has become a trend for people’s need to enrich spiritual world. What remains to be done is to improve the construction of spiritual culture to meet citizens’ need.
参考译文
上述图表显示了我国从2013年至2015年博物馆数量和博物馆参观人数的持续增长情况。总体而言，博物馆数量和博物馆参观人数持不断上升状态。通过上述数据可以看到，博物馆数量的增长放缓，而每年博物馆参观人数的增长很迅速。
这一显著的变化可以归因于以下几点。一方面，这一现象显示了我国正在关注文化事业，建立了许多博物馆并向公众免费开放。另一方面，随着人们生活水平的提高，人们自然更加注重精神建设。因此，参观博物馆成为更多人自发的选择。
根据上述讨论，我们可以总结出，由于人们丰富精神世界的需求，博物馆和博物馆参观人数的增长已经成为一种趋势。我们要不断改善精神文化建设，满足市民的要求。
解析：
题目分析
本次作文是根据所给线形图写一篇文章。线形图展示了2013年至2015年我国博物馆数量和参观人数的变化情况。本文属于说明文，应以客观描述为主，个人观点为辅，写作时注意时态为过去式。
文章大纲
第一段描述图表变化趋势。
第二段分析出现这种现象的原因。
第三段揭示这种现象带来的挑战，并提出应对的建议。
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