一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
1、(1)
A、by way of
B、on behalf of
C、as well as
D、with regard to
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句的not only…but also…为并列结构，连接his parents and his friends和a matchmaker，意为“不仅……而且……”。根据语义可知，柬埔寨男青年择偶不仅涉及到父母、朋友，也涉及到媒人。空格后的those of the young woman指女方的父母、朋友。因此应选择连接两个并列成分的as well as。
错项排除：A项by way of意为“通过……；经由……”，通常指做事的方式和方法。B项on behalf of意为“代表某人做某事”。根据语义可知，男方亲友不会“通过”或“代表”女方的亲友，故B项错误。D项with regard to意为“关于”，通常用于补充前半句说明的情况，不符合原句中隐含的并列关系。
2、(2)
A、adapt to
B、provide for
C、compete with
D、decide on
解析：
答案精析：分析空格所在句的句子成分可知，空格处应填入动词短语，与can一起作句子的谓语；再根据空格后的or可知，前后两部分是并列结构，表明柬埔寨男子有两种择偶的方式。根据or后的the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse可知，父母可能为他们选择配偶。由此可推断出A young man can a likely spouse on his own为另一种择偶方式，即男子可以自己决定配偶。因此选择D项。
错项排除：A项adapt to意为“适应”、B项provide for意为“供养”、C项compete with意为“与……竞争”与空格后的a likely spouse（合适的伴侣）语义不符，故排除。
3、(3)
A、close
B、renew
C、arrange
D、postpone
解析：
答案精析：根据句意“年轻男子可以选择自己的配偶，然后请求父母____结婚事宜”，可知空格中应填入表示“安排”的动词。因此选择C项。
错项排除：A项close“关闭；结束”、B项“重新开始”、D项“推迟”后若跟the marriage negotiations（商讨婚事）皆不符合语义，故排除。
4、(4)
A、Above all
B、In theory
C、In time
D、For example
解析：
答案精析：前文说到，年轻男子可以选择自己的配偶，或者父母代其选择，因此，原则上女方也可以拒绝父母为他们选择的配偶。四个选项中B项In theory填入句中符合语义，故选择B项。
错项排除：前一句描述柬埔寨男子的择偶方式，后句为女方的回应，前后两句不存在总结和举例关系，因此排除A项和D项。C项In time“及时”不符合语境，故排除。
5、(5)
A、Although
B、Lest
C、After
D、Unless
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入引导时间状语从句的引导词，再根据空格后a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other…可知，只有选择好了结婚对象，父母才会调查对方的家庭情况，因此选择C。
错项排除：A项Although“尽管”引导让步状语从句。B项Lest“以免，唯恐”，引导目的状语从句。D项 Unless“除非；否则”，引导条件状语从句。从逻辑关系上看，这三项均不符合，故排除。
6、(6)
A、into
B、within
C、from
D、through
解析：
答案精析：此处应填入一个能与marry搭配的介词。句意为：在选定结婚对象后，双方家庭就会调查了解彼此的情况，以确保他们的孩子与一户好人家联姻。marry into为固定搭配，意为“嫁入；嫁到”，故选择A项。
错项排除：B项within、C项from以及D项through均不能与marry搭配表示“嫁入”，故排除。
7、(7)
A、since
B、but
C、or
D、so
解析：
答案精析：空格前的分句表明婚礼原来持续三天，而空格后的分句提及自20世纪80年代后，婚礼通常持续一天半，此处强调与以往情况的不同，与前者形成明显的对比，因此应选择B项。
错项排除：A项since“既然”引导原因状语从句，C项or“或者”表选择关系，D项so“所以”表示因果关系，都不符合语义，故排除。
8、(8)
A、copy
B、test
C、recite
D、create
解析：
答案精析：分析句子结构可知，空处应填入动词原形，与offer并列作谓语，并与后面的prayers of blessing搭配。本句描述的是Buddhist priests（佛教高僧），根据文化常识可知，佛教中经常通过“诵经”为人祈福，此处应填入recite与空后的prayers of blessing搭配，表示“念祷告祝词”。
错项排除：A项 copy“复制；抄写”、B项 test“测试”、D项create“创造”若填入空中，则表示“佛教僧人在婚礼上抄写/测试/创造祷告祝词”，皆不符合上下文语义，故排除。
9、(9)
A、folding
B、piling
C、wrapping
D、tying
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句表示，婚礼仪式包含剪发仪式、将圣水浸泡过的棉线____在新娘和新郎的手腕上……。根据常识可知，棉线只能“系”在手腕上，因此应选择D，tying为tie的现在分词。
错项排除：A项folding意为“折叠”、B项 piling意为“堆放”、C项 wrapping意为“包裹”。根据常识可知，棉线无法折叠/堆放/包裹在手腕上，故排除。
10、(10)
A、passing
B、lighting
C、hiding
D、serving
解析：
答案精析：此处应填入动词，并与空格后的a candle构成动宾搭配。根据语义可知，把蜡烛绕着一圈婚姻美满且受人尊敬的夫妻之间_____，由此可推断出，空处应填入passing，表示“传蜡烛”，此题选A项。
错项排除：B项lighting“点亮”虽然可以与a candle搭配，但与后文的around a circle搭配表示“围绕一圈人点燃一支蜡烛”，不符合语义，故排除。C项hiding “隐藏”和D项serving“服务”填入原文都不符合语境，故排除。
11、(11)
A、meeting
B、collection
C、association
D、union
解析：
答案精析：根据语义可知，把蜡烛在一圈婚姻美满且受人尊敬的夫妻之间传递，来祝福____。由此可知，此处应为表达对新娘和新郎的祝福，因此应填入union，此题选D项。
错项排除：A项meeting意为“会面”，指预定好或者偶遇的会面，B项collection意为“集合”指来自不同地方的人或物的集合；C项association意为“联合”，强调的是多个个体之间的组合或联合；三个选项均不能指代新郎和新娘的结合，均可排除。
12、(12)
A、grow
B、part
C、deal
D、live
解析：
答案精析：根据语义可知，新婚夫妇搬到女方父母家中，并可能与他们______长达一年之久。新婚夫妇搬到女方父母家自然是与他们居住在一起，因此空处应填入live，live with意为“与……居住在一起”。
错项排除：A 项grow (with)意为“与……一同成长”，与父母一同成长不符合常理，故排除。B项part (with)意为“与……分开；分离”，与空格前的“搬入父母家”矛盾，故排除B项。C项deal (with) 意为“处理”，通常指处理事情，后面接物不接人，故排除。
13、(13)
A、whereas
B、until
C、if
D、for
解析：
答案精析：空格前提及，新婚夫妇会到女方的家里住一年，空格后表示“他们在附近建造自己的新房”，此处强调的是可以实现的时间条件，因此选择until。
错项排除：A项 whereas意为“然而”，表示对比或转折；C项if意为“如果”，表示目的；D项for意为“为了”，表示目的。三项均不符合逻辑，故排除。
14、(14)
A、obtain
B、follow
C、challenge
D、avoid
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句意为“离婚是合法的，而且很容易_____批准，但这种情况并不常见。”根据空后的but可知，此处的语义发生了转折，由此可推断空格处应表示离婚比较容易“获得”批准。因此填入obtain。
错项排除：B项follow“跟随”、C项challenge“挑战”、D项 avoid“避免”填入空格表示“容易跟随/挑战/避免离婚”，不符合此处语义，故排除。
15、(15)
A、isolated
B、persuaded
C、viewed
D、exposed
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句句意为：离了婚的人会被人以不满的眼光______。本段第一句提到，离婚是合法的，且容易得到批准，但不常见。由此可推知，离婚在现实生活中是不受欢迎的。be viewed with为固定搭配，意为“被看待”，符合此处的语境，因此选择C项。
错项排除：A项 isolated意为“孤立”，常与from搭配。B项persuaded意为“被劝说”，D项exposed意为“接触；暴露”，填入空中表示“离了婚的人会不被认可劝说/暴露”，两者皆不符合逻辑，故排除。
16、(16)
A、whatever
B、however
C、whenever
D、wherever
解析：
答案精析：此处应填入property的前置定语，表示“离婚双方可以保留_____财产”。备选项中只有whatever可用作形容词修饰property，表示“无论什么财产，所有财产”，故选择D项。
错项排除：B项 however“无论如何；然而”、C项 whenever“无论何时”、D项wherever“无论何处”，均无法后接property，故排除。
17、(17)
A、changed
B、brought
C、shaped
D、pushed
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入动词，并与into搭配。句中he or she ____ into the marriage为修饰property的定语从句。brought into表示“把……带来”，填入空格中表示“他（她）把财产带到婚姻中”，因此选择B项。
错项排除：A项 changed意为“改变”，用于change…into…时意为“把……变成……”。C项 shaped意为“形成”，shape into意为“做成……形状”。D项pushed意为“推；逼迫”，push into意为“把……推进；逼迫（做某事）”。将三个选项填入空格中均不符合语义，故排除。
18、(18)
A、withdrawn
B、invested
C、donated
D、divided
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句意为“共同财产将会被平均____”。空格所在句为and连接的并列句，空格所填动词被equally修饰，再根据常识可知，离婚时共同财产应平均分配，因此选择divided。
错项排除：A项 withdraw意为“提取”，一般与金钱搭配，不与property搭配。B项 invested意为“投资”，C项donated意为“捐赠”，两者可以与property搭配，意为“将共同财产投资/捐赠”，但不能与equally构成符合语境的语义，故排除。
长难句分析：Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally.
本句为and连接的并列句。前一个分句中包含由whatever引导的宾语从句和省略引导词的定语从句，修饰property。后一个分句为被动句。
句意为：夫妻双方在离婚后可保留其带入婚姻的财产，婚后共同取得的财产要平均分配。
19、(19)
A、breaks
B、warms
C、shows
D、clears
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句的句意为：离了婚的人可以再结婚，但是性别歧视_____。后文进行了具体的解释：离过婚的男性再婚前不需要等待期，女性需要等十个月才能再婚。这一事例是性别歧视的“显现”。show up意为“出现，显现”，因此选择C项。
错项排除：A项breaks (up)意为“分手；打碎”。B项warms (up)意为“加热”，D项clears (up)意为“清除；放晴”都不能由gender prejudice作主语，故排除。
20、(20)
A、so that
B、while
C、once
D、in that
解析：
答案精析：空格前介绍了离婚男性的再婚不需要等待期，后半句介绍离婚女性再婚需要等待十个月；再根据上文提及的“性别偏见”可知，此处应该是强调男性和女性之间的差异，因此选择while表示对比，此题选B项。
错项排除：A项 so that意为“从而；以便”，引导目的状语从句。C项 once意为“一旦”表示条件关系。D项 in that意为“因为”，表示因果关系。三者均不符合语境，故排除。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21、21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
A、Physical beauty would be redefined.
B、New runways would be constructed.
C、Websites about dieting would thrive.
D、The fashion industry would decline.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的the first paragraph可定位至第一段。根据第一段第一句可知，法国已决定剥夺其时尚行业对女性形体美的绝对定义，随后提及禁止使用过瘦的模特。由此可知，过去以瘦为美的定义要发生改变，形体美将会被重新定义。因此选择A项。
错项排除：B项“将会建造新的时装T台”和D项“时尚产业将会衰落”在文章中未提及，故排除。C项“关于节食的网站将会蓬勃发展”与原文意思相反，故排除。
长难句分析：France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.
本句为复合句，句子主干为France has decided…；which引导非限制性定语从句，对France进行说明；decided后为省略引导词that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句的主干为its fashion industry has lost an absolute right，句末的不定式结构to define physical beauty for women为right的定语。
句意为：法国曾以自己是全球时尚的创新者而引以为豪，但是现在已经决定剥夺其在时尚产业对女性体型美的绝对定义权。
22、22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、heightening the value of
B、indicating the state of
C、losing faith in
D、doing harm to
解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至原文第二段第二行。该短语位于修饰looks的定语从句中，表明此种外形对健康的影响。再根据beauty should not be defined by looks可知，划线短语应为消极、负面的影响，因此选择doing harm to，意为“对……有害”。
错项排除：根据前面的分析可知，题干的短语应表示负面的意思，A项为积极的意思，B项为中性的意思，都可排除。而C项与lose和health不能搭配，“对健康失去信心”不合逻辑，故排除。
23、23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
A、The French measures have already failed.
B、New standards are being set in Denmark.
C、Model are no longer under peer pressure.
D、Its inherent problems are getting worse.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的fashion industry可知，该题涉及的内容在第三至六段。根据第五段第二句可知，在丹麦、美国和一些其他国家，时尚行业正在尝试为模特和时尚人士设定自愿性质的标准，这些标准更加依赖时尚从业人员之间的同行压力来实行。而第六段中具体介绍了新标准的情况，因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章第四段指出了法国措施的不足，但并未说明法国的措施已经失败了，故排除A项。第五段中提及这些标准更加依赖时尚从业人员之间的同行压力来实行，因此可排除C项“模特们已经没有同行压力了”。第五段首句提及，这个行业很清楚自己的固有问题，并未说明问题变得更加严重，因此排除D项。
24、24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ________.
A、setting a high age threshold for models
B、caring too much about models’ character
C、showing little concern for health factors
D、pursuing perfect physical conditions
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的A designer和CFW可定位至第六段第三句。该句指出，该宪章通过拒绝设计师和模特经纪人参加哥本哈根时装周来落实措施。再根据上文可知，推行的法规就是关注模特的年龄、健康等。由此可推知，不关注模特健康的设计师会被哥本哈根时装周拒绝。因此选择C项。
错项排除：文章虽然提及年龄，但没有具体的说明，故排除A项。新规定对模特的年龄、健康和其他特性提出要求，由此可知，模特对个性的关注不会成为被时装周拒绝的原因，原文未指出个性与资格的关系，故排除B项。D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
25、25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
A、The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
B、Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
C、A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
D、A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
解析：
答案精析：通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了法国颁布法令，还介绍了包括丹麦在内的国家正尝试为时尚产业设置新的标准。这些都是对时尚产业的挑战，因此选择A项。
错项排除：A项“时尚行业面临的巨大威胁”属于推理过度，与作者的观点态度不符，故排除。B项“美学的又一轮斗争”过于宽泛，文章并未从美学角度进行阐述，故排除。C项“法国饥饿的模特面临的两难境地”只是文章的一个细节，不足以概括全文，故排除。
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26、26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside ________.
A、didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
B、has brought much benefit to the NHS
C、is fully backed by the royal family
D、is not well reflected in politics
解析：
答案精析：根据第一段可知，民意调查显示，英国人把乡村与王室、莎士比亚以及英国医疗保险制度联系在一起，但段末指出this has limited political support（英国政府对此支持有限），由此可知D项正确。
错项排除：文章提及莎士比亚，但只是说莎士比亚与乡村一样，都令英国公众感到骄傲，A项与原文不符，故排除。文章中未提及英国王室和国民医疗保健制度与乡村有什么益处或支持关系，故排除B、C。
长难句分析：While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
本句为复合句，主句为this has limited political support，从句为While引导的状语从句，该状语从句中包含宾语从句Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country以及名词性从句what makes them proudest of their country作as的宾语。
句意为：尽管民意调查显示，英国人将“农村”与英国皇室、莎士比亚以及英国国民健康保险制度一起看作是英国最值得骄傲的事物，但这种观点在政治上所获得的支持是有限的。
27、27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being ________.
A、gradually destroyed
B、effectively reinforced
C、largely overshadowed
D、properly protected
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 2和the National Trust可定位至第二段。根据第二段最后两句可知，国民托管组织所致力保护的英国乡村正在被混凝土建筑侵蚀。由此可推断出国民托管组织所取得的成就正在被逐渐破坏，因此选择A项。
错项排除：根据前面的分析可知，国民托管组织保护农村的成就遭到了破坏而不是强化，因此B项错误。C项在原文中未提及。文章指出乡村绿地已被混凝土建筑侵占，D项与原文意思相悖，故排除。
28、28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A、Labour is under attack for opposing development.
B、The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
C、The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
D、Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 3可定位至第三段。根据第三段最后两句可知，英国独立党察觉到有利可图，于是与呼吁合理开发绿地的人统一战线。它发起的运动让很多保守党感到心惊胆战。由此可知，英国独立党可能因支持乡村而受益，因此选择D项。
错项排除：根据文章第三段第三句和第四句可知，工党也想在地方委员会反对乡村开发的地方停止地方规划，转而进行有利可图的（profitable）可持续发展。由此可知，工党并未反对发展，因此A项错误。文章第三段第二句指出，保守党的规划改革明确将优先开发农村，然后再考虑农村保护问题，甚至批准（authorising）“计划外”的建设，因此B项错误。文章第三段第五句提及，自由民主党对此问题不置一词，但未提及该党是否丧失政治影响力，故排除C项。
29、29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________.
A、highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
B、shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
C、stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
D、reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的George Osborne可定位至第五段第三句。此句说到，在游说的压力下，乔治·奥斯本支持了乡村的新建计划而不是市区的整修和重建计划。由此可见，他主张乡村开发而非保护，反映出他对乡村特点的漠视，因此B项正确。
错项排除：文章第五段第三句表明乔治·奥斯本的选择是Under lobby pressure（在游说的压力下），由此可知，他与游说团体的观点一致，而非反对游说团体，故排除A项。C项在文章中未提及。D项与文章意思相悖，故排除。
30、30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of ________.
A、the size of population in Britain
B、the political life in today’s Britain
C、the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
D、the town-and-country planning in Britain
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的the last paragraph可定位至最后一段。根据文章最后一段可知，半个世纪的城镇和乡村规划使乡村发展得以保持令人羡慕的一致性，同时能允许低密度的城市生活。由此可推断，作者欣赏英国的城市规划，因此选择D项。
错项排除：文章开头提及英国的城市人口已经超过农村，但未对英国的人口规模做出评价，因此A项错误。B项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章第三句提及“低密度的城市生活”和“令人羡慕的乡村一致性”，但未对英国如今的城市生活方式表示欣赏，故排除。
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31、31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with ________.
A、tolerance
B、skepticism
C、uncertainty
D、approval
解析：
答案精析：根据Milton Friedman可定位至第一段第一句。文章开头引用诺贝尔获奖者、经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼的话，指出商业机构的天职是关注利益。按照这种说法，企业社会责任（CSR）政策是浪费股东的钱。但作者接着提到，事情可能并不是明确的（not be absolutely clear-cut）：企业社会责任可能会为公司创造货币价值。由此可知，作者对尔顿·弗里德曼的言论持怀疑态度。
错项排除：A项与原文意思相悖，故排除。C项曲解文意，文章并未提及态度不确定。文章第三句提及accept Friedman’s premise，但文章的even if引导转折，具有否定的含义，因此D项有误。
32、32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ________.
A、winning trust from consumers
B、guarding it against malpractices
C、protecting it from being defamed
D、raising the quality of its products
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 2可定位至第二段。第二段介绍了企业社会责任的好处：消费者认为这样的企业的产品质量好；消费者愿意购买该企业的产品；“光环效应”能为企业赢得消费者和其他人更多的好感。A项是对这三项好处的概括。
错项排除：文章未提及有“不当行为”和“诋毁”，故排除B项和C项。文章虽然提及“high quality”，但只是说明消费者因为该企业的良好形象而认为它的产品质量好，并未提“提高品质”，故排除D项。
33、33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、more effective
B、less controversial
C、less severe
D、more lasting
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“more lenient”和Line 2, Para. 4可定位至文章第四段第一句。根据定位句可知，在受到指控的企业中，那些拥有最全面的企业社会责任计划的企业往往会受到more lenient的惩罚。再根据第二句可知，那些政治活动投入更多的公司并没有被判处较低的罚金，而投入社会公益则可获得leniency。由此可知lenient意为“宽大的”，因此C项符合题意。
错项排除：A项的more effective与penalties不搭配，故排除。文章未提及惩罚的争议性和持久性，因此排除B项和D项。
34、When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record ________.
A、has an impact on their decision
B、comes across as reliable evidence
C、increases the chance of being penalized
D、constitutes part of the investigation
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的evaluate a case和CSR可定位至第五段第一句。根据定位句可知，尽管检举人在评估案件时应只基于案件本身，但他们似乎也受到公司的企业社会责任记录的影响。接着，一位研究人员的话论证了社会责任记录良好的企业可以获得轻罚。因此选择A项。
错项排除：文章第五段第一句指出，检察官们应该只就案件本身评估一个案例，而企业的社会责任记录或许（seem to）会影响案件评估，但不是“可靠的证据”，故排除B项和D项。文章第五段第二句提到，企业社会责任记录可以帮助减轻处罚力度而非增加被处罚的可能性，选项C与此相悖，故排除。
35、35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
A、Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
B、The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.
C、Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
D、It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的the last paragraph和CSR可定位至最后一段。根据最后一段可知，研究人员承认，他们的研究并不能解答企业应在企业社会责任上投入多大的问题。“投入”与“花销”为同义替换，由此可知，B项正确。
错项排除：文章未提及企业社会责任的负面影响，故排除A项。文章第六段第一句说明企业应在企业社会责任上投入的数额不确定，并不是说企业的财务能力被高估了，因此排除C项。第六段第二句提及banking一词，但bank on为动词词组，意为“指望；依赖”，与bank industry这一概念无关，故排除。
长难句分析：Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.
本句为倒装句，Nor does it reveal…与前一句中的does not answer构成“既不……也不……”。本句中reveal后是由how much引导的宾语从句，主干为companies are banking on…, rather than…，在此句中bank on意为“依靠；依赖”；后半句是由when引导的时间状语从句。
句意为：也没有表明当公司决定要施行“行好事”的政策时，他们对光环效应，而非其他可能的好处，有多大的信赖。
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
36、36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to ________.
A、the high cost of operation
B、the pressure from its investors
C、the complaints from its readers
D、the increasing online ad sales
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的ending its print可定位至文章第二段首句（ditch print意为“放弃印刷”）。第二段第二句指出，制作一份报纸所需的基础设施太过昂贵（The infrastructure… isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive），excessive表示“过多的”，由此可知，终止印刷版本的原因是运营成本过高，A项正确。
错项排除：文章未提及报刊投资者的信息，因此B项（投资者施压）错误。文章提及读者逐渐远离阅读印刷报刊的方式，并未提及读者对印刷报纸的怨言，故排除C项。文章第二段第四句中指出，纸质印刷广告的销售仍高于在线和手机端，并未说明在线广告销售增加，因此排除D项。
37、37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should ________.
A、seek new sources of readership
B、end the print edition for good
C、aim for efficient management
D、make strategic adjustments
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Peretti suggests和Times可定位至第四段。第四段指出，只要《纽约时报》经营方式正确，它就不应该在取消纸质版业务上浪费时间，应该想办法加速转型。再根据第五段中首句提到，改变有时是值得的。由此可知，佩雷蒂建议《纽约时报》应该改变思路，做出战略调整，因此选择D项。
错项排除：A项和C项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章提及佩雷蒂不取消报纸的建议，B项与此意思相悖，故排除。
38、38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product” ________.
A、helps restore the glory of former times
B、is meant for the most loyal customers
C、will have the cost of printing reduced
D、expands the popularity of the paper
解析：
答案精析：根据题干提示以及“legacy product”可定位至第五、六段。第五段末句提到，佩雷蒂要把印刷报纸做成“legacy product”，并提高印刷版报纸的价格。第六段第一句提到，最为忠实的消费者不管价格是否上涨都会购买这种刊物，可见这种产品的目标人群为忠实的顾客，因此B项正确。
错项排除：文章第六段提及“遗产类产品”由有限的读者群维持，努力创造额外收入，并不能由此推断出遗产类产品能够帮助恢复往日的荣耀，故排除A项。C项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章第六段第四句指出，这种纸质印刷的产品应面向忠实的用户，即目标人群是固定的，所以并不能提高报纸的受欢迎程度，因此排除D项。
长难句分析：The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
本句为and连接的并列复合句，they favor是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰前面的product；句子中的the idea goes是一个插入成分，起补充说明作用。第二个分句中feel like后为省略引导词that的表语从句；句末的they believe in为定语从句。
句意为：他的设想是，最忠实的读者仍会购买所喜爱的纸质版，并且他们会觉得在为维持所信赖的某种东西的质量出一份力。
39、39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world, ________.
A、legacy businesses are becoming outdated
B、cautiousness facilitates problem-solving
C、aggressiveness better meets challenges
D、traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的a changing world可定位至原文的最后一段倒数第二句。文章最后一段介绍了佩雷蒂面对世界变化的态度——锐意进取比消极被动更好。因此C项正确。
错项排除：文章第七段首句虽然提及“legacy business”，但并未说明遗产类生意正在变得过时。第七段末尾提及在遇到问题时采取积极进取的态度，但并非要保持警惕的态度，因此B项错误。D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
40、40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A、Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
B、Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
C、Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
D、Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
解析：
答案精析：通读全文可知，文章开篇介绍了《纽约时报》因为种种原因可能会停发纸质报纸，之后介绍了佩雷蒂给《纽约时报》在转型期的建议，即把价格抬高，做成遗产类产品。最后一段总结全文——锐意进取比反其道而行之更好。因此C项更符合文章大意。
错项排除：文章前两段提及“转向在线报纸”，但与文章的主题不符，故排除。文章大篇幅建议把报纸做成奢侈品，并未暗示人们珍惜手中的报纸，故排除B项。D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. _____
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
42. _____
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. _____
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. _____
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. _____
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
41、(41)
解析：
选项分析
Create a new image of yourself
此标题的关键词为“a new image”（新形象），因此对应段落应与“建立新形象”有关。
译文：建立自己的新形象
Have confidence in yourself
此标题的关键词为“confidence”（自信），因此对应段落应与“信心的重要性和建立信心有关”。
译文：对自己有信心
Decide if the time is right
此标题的关键词为“time”（时机），因此对应段落应与“什么时候改变形象”有关。
译文：确定时机是否合适
Understand the context
此标题的关键词为“context”（环境），因此对应段落应与“周围环境对于改变形象的影响”有关。
译文：理解环境。
Work with professionals
此标题的关键词为“professionals”（专业人士），因此对应段落应与“如何利用专业人士的意见”有关。
译文：与专业人士合作
Make it efficient
此标题的关键词为“efficient”（高效），因此与之对应的段落应该是与“如何高效地改变形象”有关。
译文：使其更高效
Know your goals
此标题的关键词为“goals”（目标），因此与之对应的段落应该是与“改变形象的目标”有关。
译文：明确你的目标
试题解析
41. Decide if the time is right。
答案精析：文章第四段指出，如果你正处在改变的时期，或只是厌倦了一成不变，那么现在也许就是提升形象的好时机。如果还不能确定，就从信任的朋友、同事或专业人员那里寻求真实的反馈。由此可知，整段都在讲什么情况下是提升形象的时机，因此选择Decide if the time is right。
42. Know your goals。
答案精析：根据文章第五段首句可知，该段的主要内容是明确提升形象的目的。根据下文可知，不同的人对于提升形象所抱有的目的不同，因此本段主要内容为明确自己提升形象的目标，选择Know your goals。
43. Understand the context。
答案精析：根据第六段首句“像人类学家一样去了解你的工作环境”可知，该段强调的是外部环境的重要性。该段提出了一系列问题（你所处的环境有哪些规则？什么能够象征地位？哪些人是你最重要的观众？你所敬重和敬仰的人是如何展示自己的？），都属于外部环境。因此正确答案为Understand the context。
44. Work with professionals。
答案精析：根据第七段首句“从专业人士哪里获得支持，并告诉他们你的目标和外部环境”可知，该段的主要内容是与专业人士交流有关。此外，该段提出了很多建议，都在说明咨询专业人士的必要性。因此选择Work with professionals。
45. Make it efficient。
答案精析：根据第八段首句“提升形象的要点不是变得更加虚荣或者花更多的时间纠结穿什么”可知，作者强调的是不要浪费时间。本段下文提到选择标准的衣服或者在形象设计师的陪伴下购买衣服。由此可见，作者强调的是更少的时间高效地达成目标，因此选择Make it efficient。
42、(42)
解析：见上一题！
43、(43)
解析：见上一题！
44、(44)
解析：见上一题！
45、(45)
解析：见上一题！
Mental health is our birthright. (46) 【We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 】Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47) 【Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.】
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) 【Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.】 Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
(49) 【Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.】 It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) 【As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.】
46、(46) ~ (50)
参考答案：
参考译文
46. 我们无需刻意学习怎样才能保持心理健康；它是与生俱来的，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口或修复骨折一样。
47. 我们的心理健康并没有真正离开我们；就像云朵后的太阳，也许暂时被遮挡，但是它完全可以在瞬间光芒重现。
48. 心理健康使我们在他人遇到困难时心怀同情，在他人遭遇痛苦时心存善意，不论他们是谁，我们都会心怀无条件的爱。
49. 尽管心理健康是我们生活中的万能药，但它其实非常普通，你会发现在你难以做决定时，它一直指引着你。
50. 你会慢慢发现，明白心理健康一直在身边并且懂得坚信它，可以让我们放慢节奏，并快乐地生活。
解析：
生词本
mentally adv. 精神上地
cut n. 伤口
capable adj. 能够的
sympathy n. 同情
cure-all n. 包治百病的良药
available adj. 可获得的
slow down 放慢节奏
表达难点
46. ①本句是由分号连接的并列句。第一个分句的主干为We don’t have to learn，how引导的不定式做learn的宾语；第二个分句采用被动语态，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词way。②第一个分句中的how to be mentally healthy意为“如何保持心理健康”。③第二个分句中it指代前面的mentally healthy，意为“心理健康”。④is built into意为“被建入；内置于”，与心理健康搭配可译为“与生俱来”。⑤in the same way意为“以同样的方式，如同”，作状语修饰be built into us。⑥本句中的cut为名词，指“伤口”。
47. ①本句由分号连接两个并列句，第一个并列句为主谓结构，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语，but连接两个并列分句，表转折。②第一个分句中doesn’t really go anywhere，意为“实际上哪里都没有去”，可译为“并没有真的离开”。③第二个分句中be capable of为固定搭配，意为“有能力”。④本句中can be temporarily hidden和being restored为被动语态，翻译时可将被动转化为主动。
48. ①句子的主干为Mental health allows us…，三个并列的介词with…为方式状语，分别引导两个条件状语从句和一个让步状语从句。②本句主句谓语中的view others由with引出三个介词短语并修饰，在翻译中可将其译为并列句。③if引导的两个条件状语从句和一个让步状语从句在翻译时应前置。
49. ①本句是由Although引导的让步状语从句，句子的主干为it is perfectly ordinary，其中的it指代前面的mental health。as引导原因状语从句，其中包括that引导的宾语从句。②介词短语for living our lives是修饰cure-all的后置定语，可译为“生活的万能药”。③perfectly此处与ordinary连用，不译为“完美的”，而应译为“十分；非常”。④perfectly ordinary译为“非常普通”。
50. ①句首As引导非限制性定语从句，修饰逗号后的整个句子。句子的主干为knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to…。第一个分词中的that引导宾语从句。②句子中的allow sb. to do (sth.) 意为“允许某人做某事”。③句子的主语是两个knowing引导的并列的动名词结构，其中第一个knowing后接宾语从句。④always available可译为“一直都存在”。⑤slow down意为“慢下来”。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
47、Part A
51. Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
Notice
December 20, 2016
Dear international students,
Welcome to our university! In order to make sure that newly-enrolled international students know the service of the library, this notice is to introduce briefly of the library to you.
To begin with, the library opens all year round from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. Furthermore, students are allowed to borrow and read all the books in the library by using your student card. You may borrow up to ten books at a time, and keep them for as long as 30 days. But please remember that you are required to pay fines if you fail to return the books on time. Last but not the least, do set your mobile phone to mute mode and lower you voice when you are in the library.
If you have any other questions, please contact us by calling 010-435879.
Li Ming
Library of XXX University
参考译文
通知
2016年12月20日
亲爱的留学生们：
欢迎来到我们的大学！为了确保新入学的留学生同学了解图书馆的服务，特发通知，简要介绍一些图书馆的服务内容。
首先，图书馆全年开放，从早上八点到晚上十点。此外，学生可以使用学生卡借阅图书馆内的所有书籍。学生一次最多借十本，借期达30天。但是，逾期不还，则要支付罚款。最后，在图书馆时，将手机设置成静音模式，低声交谈。
如有任何问题，请联系我们。联系电话：010-435879。
李明
XXX大学图书馆
解析：
本次作文要求考生写一则通知，作为图书馆管理员，向学校新近录取的留学生介绍图书馆的相关信息。写作时需要写上标题Notice，在结尾处要加上发布通知的人名或机构名称。
48、
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret the meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
The picture above vividly depicts the influence of role model. In the first picture, we can see a father, who is urging his son to study harder, is watching TV on the sofa while enjoying a cigarette. In the second picture, we can see the father and the son are both studying hard with full attention.
The picture shows the importance of a role model. Many parents tend to neglect the impact of their own act on their children when they are educating their children. Most parents are more likely to tell their children what is right or what is wrong, because words seem to be more effective and cost less time and energy. Actually, the correct way to educate is to set a good example rather than merely make requirements.
To sum up, the parenting way in the second picture is very wise. As we all know, actions speak louder than words. A positive model of their parents plays an important role in child’s health growth. Parents can’t be a giant in words but a dwarf in action. Only through proper guidelines can parents contribute a health and harmonious environment.
参考译文
上述图片生动地描绘了榜样的力量。在第一幅图片中，我们看到一位父亲正在让他的儿子好好学习，而自己却坐在沙发上一边抽烟一边看电视。在第二幅图片中，我们看到父亲和儿子都在专心致志地学习。
图片反应了榜样的重要性。许多家长在教育孩子时往往会忽略他们自身的行为对孩子的影响。大多数父母会选择用话语告诉孩子们什么是对的，什么是错的，因为话语似乎看起来更有效、更省时、省力。实际上，教育孩子的正确方法是树立良好的榜样，而不仅仅是提要求。
总之，第二幅图片中教育孩子的方式是明智的。我们都知道，行胜于言。父母的正面榜样在孩子的健康成长中起重要作用。父母不能是话语上的巨人，行动上的矮子。只有通过正确的引导，父母才能为孩子打造健康、和谐的成长环境。
解析：
题目分析
本次作文为图画作文，题目中有两幅漫画，以父亲和儿子为漫画主体。第一幅漫画中父亲坐在沙发上看电视，却要求儿子好好学习；第二幅漫画中，父亲以身作则，与儿子一同学习。再根据漫画下方的一句话“与其只提要求，不如做个榜样”可知，文章应以“父母的榜样力量”为话题展开。
文章大纲
第一段描述漫画内容，引出话题。
第二段揭示漫画的寓意：与其只提要求，不如做个榜样。
第三段总结全文。
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