一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence (1) _____ firms work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. (2) _____ , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking (3) _____ for making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the (4) _____ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would (5) _____ the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness (6) _____ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
(7) _____ enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were (8) _____ . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities (9) _____ why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various (10) _____ that might make firms more likely to invest—like size, industry, and sales—and for indicators that a place was (11) _____ to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally (12) _____ even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors (13) _____ to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less (14) _____ managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was (15) _____ stronger in places where happiness was spread more (16) _____. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
(17) _____ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least (18) _____ at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help (19) _____ how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and (20) _____ R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.
1、(1)
A、why
B、where
C、how
D、when
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入引导宾语从句的从属连词，作influence的宾语，说明幸福感可以影响公司的运作。原文首段前两句指出了幸福感会影响到人们的工作，使人更高效、更创新，并且愿意去冒险，再根据第二段前两句可知，位于幸福城市的公司往往投资力度更大，这体现了公司的运作方式，how表示方式，因此空处应填入how。
错项排除：文章没有提及公司运作的“原因”和“时间”，因此排除A项和D项。文章第二段提及located in places，但该句是在表明一个地方的幸福指数会影响公司的投资，并未说明幸福感能影响公司的选址，因此B项错误。
2、(2)
A、In return
B、In particular
C、In contrast
D、In conclusion
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入连词，表明前后的逻辑关系。根据空格前一句可知，当地的人越幸福，公司的投资越多。空格后提及公司在R&D花费更多。由此可知，空格后面的句子是对前一句进行具体说明，表明公司在哪一方面投资更多。B项In particular强调某一范围中的具体方面，符合语境。
错项排除：文章未提及公司加大投资会有什么回报，因此A项In return（作为回报）不符合题意。空格前后是对同一观点进行描述，没有相反的观点，因此C项错误。In conclusion表总结，用于引出结论，不符合文章逻辑，故排除。
3、(3)
A、sufficient
B、famous
C、perfect
D、necessary
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入形容词，并与for搭配一起修饰longer-term thinking，空格处的单词应用于表示“长远考虑”和“未来投资”之间的关系。根据句意可知，长远考虑应该是对未来投资所必需的，因此选择D项。
错项排除：将其他三个选项带入空格，句意为“长远考虑对未来投资是足够的/著名的/完美的”，均不符合常识和逻辑，故排除。
4、(4)
A、individualism
B、modernism
C、optimism
D、realism
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入名词，与inclination for risk-taking并列，并且是come with happiness的修饰内容。文章指出研究者的目的是想知道幸福感对公司的投资方式的影响，空格所在句说到“由幸福感带来的冒险精神”，表明了敢于冒险是一种积极乐观的心态。故答案C项optimism正确，意为“伴随幸福感而来的乐观精神和冒险倾向”。
错项排除：空格处要填入的词应和“冒险精神”以及“幸福感的产物”有关，A项中的“个人主义”和B项中的“现代主义”与二者毫无关联。D项的“现实主义”倾向于务实谨慎的心态，和冒险精神相反。而且其他三项均不能与inclination并列，且不能和come with happiness构成合理的逻辑，因此均可排除。
5、(5)
A、echo
B、miss
C、spoil
D、 change
解析：
答案精析：根据空格前的would可知，空格处应填入动词原形作谓语。根据上文可知，研究表明幸福感会使公司投入更多的资金，由此可知，研究者想知道伴随幸福感而来的乐观精神和冒险倾向是否影响公司的投资方式，它也会影响公司运作的方式。也就是说公司的投资方式是否会发生变化。D项表示“改变公司的投资方式”，符合文意。
错项排除：文章主要讲述了幸福感对投资的积极影响，因此可以排除表示负面的B项和C项。A项填入空格意为“冒险精神‘回响’公司的投资方式”，不符合语义，故排除。
长难句分析: The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change the way companies invested.
本句的主干为The researchers wanted to know…，if后引导宾语从句，作know的宾语，if在此意为“是否”，其中the optimism and inclination为宾语从句中的主语。宾语从句中包含that引导的定语从句，修饰宾语从句的主语，以及省略that的定语从句，修饰the way。
句意为：研究者们想知道伴随着幸福感出现的乐观精神和冒险倾向是否会改变公司投资的方式。
6、(6)
A、imagined
B、measured
C、invented
D、assumed
解析：
答案精析：空格所在句的句型为compare A with B，空格处应填入动词的过去分词作后置定语。空格后的Gallup polling和前面的average happiness存在一种被动关系，可表示“被盖洛普民意调查_____出的平均幸福指数”。由此可推断，幸福指数一般是由民意调查测量得出的。B项measured“测量”符合题意。
错项排除：根据常识可知，盖洛普民意调查不是“想象”的，也不是“发明”的或“假设”的，故排除A、C和D项。
7、(7)
A、Sure
B、Odd
C、Unfortunate
D、Often
解析：
答案精析：根据空格后的enough可知，空格处应填入副词，用于表示与前一段的逻辑关系。上文提及研究表明位于快乐人群所在地的公司会投入更多的资金，空格所在句对比的结果为公司的投资和研发力度与公司总部所在地的幸福指数相关。由此可知，对比的结果与前面所描述的情况一致，也是对研究目的的一种肯定验证，空格处应填入一个表示承接关系的词。
因此选择A项Sure (enough)，意为“果真如此”。
错项排除：研究的结果是意料之中的，并不会是“感到奇怪”，因此排除B项。公司的投资和研发力度与公司总部所在地的幸福指数相关并不是坏事，因此排除C项。D项填入原文不符合逻辑，故排除。
8、(8)
A、advertised
B、divided
C、overtaxed
D、headquartered
解析：
答案精析：空格前的in which引导定语从句，修饰the area，空格前面的they指的是firms。文章一直在说公司所在地的幸福程度与该公司研发投入程度有关，也就是说公司所在地的幸福指数会影响公司投资和研发，所以the area指公司所在地。因此空格处应填入与地点相关的词，D项符合要求。
错项排除：文章指出公司的投资方式与公司所在地有关，A、B和C项均与此无关，故排除。
9、(9)
A、explain
B、overstate
C、summarize
D、emphasize
解析：
答案精析：空格处所在句指出“是幸福与投资真的相关，还是……”。空格所在句是对前半句的进一步说明，是在询问是否还会有其他因素影响公司投资。空格后的why引导宾语从句，explain经常和why连用，表示对后面问题的解释。因此填入A项explain（解释），表示“还是有其他因素能够解释为什么幸福指数更高的城市对研发投入更多？”
错项排除：文章讨论了幸福感与公司投资研发之间的关系，B项overstate（夸大）和D项emphasize（强调）不能与后面呢的why搭配，故排除。文章仍在寻找原因，并未作出总结，故排除C项。
10、(10)
A、stages
B、factors
C、levels
D、methods
解析：
答案精析：空格处填入的词应与indicators（指示物；指标）并列，破折号后为size, industry, and sales，这些都是对空格处的词作举例说明，因此空格处应填入此类词汇的概括词，这些都是影响公司投资的因素，因此选择B项。
错项排除：下文列出的size, industry, and sales不能称为stages（阶段）、levels（水平）和methods（方法），故均可排除。
11、(11)
A、desirable
B、sociable
C、reputable
D、reliable
解析：
答案精析：空格处所在句为修饰indicators的同位语从句，说明“指标”的具体内容。空格处需要填的词修饰a place，用于说明某居住地的特点，根据空格后的growth in wages or population可知，空格处应填入表示积极意义的形容词。再由前文提到的happiness of the area可知，居住地的特点应和幸福感有关。空格所在句句意为：……还控制了____居住地方的指标，比如工资或人口增长。A项desirable意为“令人满意的”，a desirable place意为“宜居地”，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项sociable一般用于形容人，不能形容地方。一个地区工资和人口的增长不能证明该地方是“有名望的”，故排除C项。D项填入空中不符合文意，故排除。
长难句分析：To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors that might make firms more likely to invest—like size, industry, and sales—and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like growth in wages or population.
本句的主干为the researchers controlled for…，To find out为不定式短语作目的状语。句中两个that都是引导定语从句，分别修饰various factors和indicators。其中两个like引导的介词短语都是插入语，分别对前面的factors和indicators作举例说明。
句意为：为了找到答案，研究者们控制了各种使公司更愿意投资的因素，比如规模、行业以及销售，还控制宜居地的指标，比如工资或人口增长。
12、(12)
A、resumed
B、held
C、emerged
D、broke
解析：
答案精析：根据空格后的even after可知，该句强调即便对上述情况作了解释，快乐仍与投资相关，even表示让步转折的语气。本句句意为：即使在考虑了这些因素后，幸福与投资之间的关系仍然存在，故C项符合文意。
错项排除：幸福与投资之间的关系并没有中断，所以不存在“重现开始”，因此排除A项。文章一直在讨论幸福和投资的关系，两者之间的关系并非突然出现，因此排除C项。D项broke（破碎，中断）填入空格后不符合逻辑，故排除。
13、(13)
A、attribute
B、assign
C、transfer
D、compare
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入动词，作which引导的定语从句的谓语。而主句“对新公司而言，快乐与投资之间的关联尤为紧密”与介词to的宾语“限制较少的决策过程以及可能会有较为年轻且缺乏经验的管理者任职”之间是因果关系，也就是指宾语所说的内容解释了为什么幸福感和投资的关系在新公司中尤为紧密。attribute to表示原因，因此选择A项。
错项排除：B、C和D项填入原文后，不能体现两者之间的因果关系，故排除。
14、(14)
A、serious
B、civilized
C、ambitious
D、experienced
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入形容词，与younger并列，一起修饰managers，用于说明年轻公司管理者的特点。根据空前后的younger和more likely to be influenced by sentiment可知，此处说明管理者是“年轻，缺少____，并且易受情绪影响的”，而这些特点都会影响到公司的投资。由前后的特点可推断出年轻又易受情绪影响的管理者往往是缺乏经验的，因此选择D项。less experienced意为“经验较少的”。
错项排除：A项serious“严肃的”与个人性格有关，B项civilized修饰人时，指“有教养的；有礼貌的”，C项ambitious意为“有雄心的”，只用于修饰工作态度，A、B和C项均与年龄无关联，故排除。
15、(15)
A、thus
B、instead
C、also
D、never
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入副词。本段首句提及The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms，空格处为The relationship was stronger in places，空格所在句的in places对应首句的younger firms，stronger对应particularly strong。由此可知，两个句子是表达同一意思的并列句，前后为顺承关系，故选择C项，用also旨在说明这一关系更为明显。
错项排除：A项thus意为“因此”，表结果。B项instead意为“反而”，表转折。D项never意为“从不”，表否定。三项都不能用于表示顺承关系，故排除。
16、(16)
A、rapidly
B、regularly
C、directly
D、equally
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入副词，修饰spread，表示“当幸福感_____传播时，幸福感与投资力度之间的关系更紧密”。根据空格后的rather than in places with happiness inequality可知，此处讨论的是幸福传播的公平性，该句说到，公司更多投资于那些大部分人都相对幸福的地方，而不是投资于幸福不平等的地方。所以空格处应填入一个和inequality相反的词，因此选择D项。
错项排除：根据空格后的inequality可知，此处讲述了幸福感传播的公平性，因此其他选项均不符合语境。
17、(17)
A、After
B、Until
C、While
D、Since
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入连词，表明前后两句的逻辑关系。前一个分句指出“这不能表明……”，this指代上述研究的结论，而后一个分句指出“这至少……这一可能性”，根据at least可知，作者在承认之前的结论有局限性的情况下，对该结论的可能性还是给予了肯定，由此可推断出，前后句为让步转折关系，因此选择C项。
错项排除：A项和B项均指时间的先后，D项既可表示时间，也可表示原因，根据逻辑关系可知，三项均不符合题意。
18、(18)
A、arrives
B、 jumps
C、hints
D、strikes
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入动词，空格前半句质疑了快乐与投资的关系，而后半句中的believe和at least表明作者对此持肯定的态度，用转折意义表示出快乐与投资间暗含了一种关系。空格处应填入积极的词汇，并与at that possibility搭配，因此选择C项。
错项排除：A项arrive at意为“打到某处”，B项jump at意为“匆匆做出（结论）”，D项strike at意为“攻击”，均不符合语境，故排除。
19、(19)
A、shape
B、rediscover
C、simplify
D、share
解析：
答案精析：空格应填入动词，做help的宾语。根据空格前的It’s not hard to imagine…可知，that引导的主语从句并重申文章的观点——当地文化和情感会影响管理者对未来投资的考虑，因此空格处应填入与“影响”相近的单词，A项shape（形成）符合题意。
错项排除：原文没有出现与“发现”相关的词，故排除B项。C项与D项与后面的对未来的思考不搭配，故排除。
20、(20)
A、pray for
B、lean towards
C、give away
D、send out
解析：
答案精析：空格处应填入动词词组，空格所在处应与would be more forward-thinking and creative并列，表明与普通人相比幸福的人的优点，即幸福的人更具前瞻性和创造性，前文指出幸福感会影响公司增加对研发的投入。因此空格处应填入表示对研发有喜欢或倾向的词汇，B项lean towards（倾向）符合题意，意为“倾向于研发”。
错项排除：A、C和D项填入原文均不可与R&D搭配，故排除。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.
21、21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ________.
A、complete future job training
B、 remodel the way of thinking
C、formulate logical hypotheses
D、perfect artwork production
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Cortina和early exposure to computer science可定位至文章第二段第一句和第三句。第二段首句指出，早点接触计算机科学是有益处的；该段第二句介绍了早点接触计算机科学的好处；再根据该段第三句可知，早接触计算机科学让人更容易转变思维方式，原文中的not as hard对应题干中的make it easier，B项内容是对原文transform their thought processes的同义转述，因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章指出让更多的儿童接受这种培训能够弥补岗位空缺，但并未说明能够让人更容易完成职业训练，因此排除A项。第二段第二句提及artwork和hypotheses，指的是儿童学习计算机科学能够用于艺术创作或验证假设，但并未说明会使提出逻辑假设和完成艺术制作更容易，因此排除C项和D项。
长难句分析：When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.
本句的句子主干为they learn that…，其中when引导的时间状语，that引导宾语从句，其后的不定式结构to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses作后置定语，修饰a tool，用于对tool的用途作具体说明。
句意为：当小孩学习计算机科学时，他们学习的不仅仅是一连串令人困惑并且无止境的字母和数字——而是一个开发应用程序、创作艺术品或验证假设的工具。
22、22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their ________.
A、experience
B、academic backgrounds
C、career prospects
D、interest
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的high-schoolers和Flatiron可定位至第四段第二句。根据定位句可知，熨斗学校会上同样的课程，但会考虑孩子们的兴趣。things they’re interested in就是本题的答案所在，因此正确答案为D项。
错项排除：根据该段首句become popular for adults looking for a career change可知，寻求职业改变的年轻人有丰富的职业经验，但对于高中生来说，学校不会在授课时，考虑他们是否有经验，因此排除A项。文章并未提及有关学术背景的信息，因此排除B项。文章中提及寻求职业改变的年轻人，但并未说明教授课程时会考虑学生的职业前景，因此排除C项。
23、23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________.
A、help students learn other computer languages
B、have to be upgraded when new technologies come
C、need improving when students look for jobs
D、enable students to make big quick money
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Deborah Seehorn可定位至第五段最后一句。第五段前半部分说到，编程语言更新换代很快，他们所学的东西在进入就业市场时可能就不相关了。随后定位句用But开头表示转折。根据定位句中的apply to any coding language可知，学生所学习的任何的技能都可以应用到任何编程语言中，也就是说学生学到的技能可以帮助他们学习其他的计算机语言。因此A项正确。
错项排除：文章第五段第二句虽然提出，编程语言更新很快，到学生就业时可能已经过时了，但与题干中的skills无关，也不是黛博拉·塞洪的观点，因此B项和C项错误。D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
24、24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ________.
A、compete with a future army of programmers
B、stay longer in the information technology industry
C、become better prepared for the digitalized world
D、bring forth innovative computer technologies
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的the last paragraph和Flatiron students可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段可知，熨斗学校的学生将会被电脑包围，人们越早学习电脑的思维方式越好，由此可知，熨斗学校还致力于让人们为将来的数字化世界做好准备，因此选择C项。
错项排除：文章最后一段首句指出，熨斗学校的学生不会全都进入信息技术行业，因此排除A项和B项。文章未提及计算机技术创新，因此排除D项。
25、25. The word “coax” (Line 4, Para. 6) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、challenge
B、persuade
C、frighten
D、misguide
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Line 4, Para. 6可定位至最后一段第四句。how to coax the machine into producing what they want与上文的how computers think并列，都是学生要学习的内容，意在指出人们可以利用计算机制造自己想要的东西，因此“coax”应为积极的意思，B项符合题意。
错项排除：A、C和D项均含负面意思，不能表达计算机带来的正面帮助，因此排除。
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
26、26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is ________.
A、its drastically decreased population
B、the underestimate of the grassland acreage
C、a desperate appeal from some biologists
D、the insistence of private landowners
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的major reason和threatened可定位至第二段首句。定位句提及The crash was a major reason的crash指首段中的小松鸡的数量由以往的200万降到2.2万只，因此选择A项。
错项排除：文章未提及草原面积被低估，因此排除B项。文章中环保主义者对将小松鸡列为濒危感到不满，所以要求相关机构采取措施，并非生物学家的态度，因此排除C项。文章中提及一些与土地所有者相关的措施，但并未说明他们的态度和观点，因此排除D项。
27、27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ________.
A、was a give-in to governmental pressure
B、would involve fewer agencies in action
C、granted less federal regulatory power
D、went against conservation policies
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的The “threatened” tag和disappointed可定位至第二段第三句，该句指出一些环保主义者对把这种鸟类列入“受威胁的物种”感到失望。定位句后一句表明了原因，作者提到他们之前呼吁将小松鸡列为濒危物种，因为这样可以使联邦政府利用更多的权力。由此可知他们失望是因为“受威胁物种”的标签赋予联邦政府的权力较小，因此C项符合题意。
错项排除：A项和D项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章未提及“受威胁”下涉及的部门会少，只是赋予的权力较少，因此排除B项。
28、28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ________.
A、agree to pay a sum for compensation
B、volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
C、offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
D、promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 3和unintentional harm-doers可定位至文章第三段第一句。根据定位句后一句可知，鱼类和野生动物管理局的计划是不起诉无意中破坏栖息地的人，条件是他们缴纳一定的费用，用于确保栖息地的替代并补偿保留栖息地的土地所有者，因此正确答案为A项。
错项排除：文章指出破坏栖息地需要支付赔偿金，而金额是按照被破坏面积来算，需要支付两倍的栖息地赔偿金，B项中的equally不符合，故排除。文章提及的西部鱼类和野生动物管理局的监控工作与破坏无关，WAFWA只是受USFWS委托监控进度，因此排除C项。原文提及一旦造成破坏，要支付赔偿金，而非募集，因此排除D项。
29、29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ________.
A、the federal government
B、the wildlife agencies
C、the landowners
D、the states
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Ashe和managing the species可定位至第三段最后一句。根据定位句可知，各州政府始终掌控物种管理大局，remain in the driver’s seat意为“处于控制地位”，对应题干中的leading role。因此正确答案为D项。
错项排除：文章指出管理局的政策被保护主义者指责削弱了联邦政府的执法权力，因此排除A项。野生动物管理局只是筹划者，因此排除B项。文章并未提及土地所有者是物种管理方面的主力，因此排除C项。
长难句分析：Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.
本句的主干为the plan requires individuals and businesses...to pay into a fund…。句首的Negotiated by…是过去分词作状语。that引导定语从句，修饰individuals and businesses，而之后的动词不定式to replace...作目的状语，用于表示收取赔偿金的目的所在。
句意为：该计划由美国鱼类和野生动物管理局和各州共同协商，要求因自身业务运作而破坏栖息地的个人和企业要缴纳基金，确保每亩被破坏的栖息地由两亩新的适居栖息地代替。
30、30. Jay Lininger would most likely support ________.
A、industry groups
B、the win-win rhetoric
C、environmental groups
D、the plan under challenge
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Jay Lininger可定位至文章最后一句，该句指出生物学家认为联邦政府把管理这种鸟的责任推给了那些使它们濒临灭绝的产业。根据上文可知生物学家和环保人士都认为管理局执法力度不够，不能有效保护濒危动物，因此杰·利宁格的观点应与环保组织一致。
错项排除：文章指出，行业组织认为该做法过于激进，由此可知环保组织和行业组织的看法正好对立，因此排除A项。该段开头指出企业和环保人士不认同双赢论调，因此B项错误。该段主要讲述了对管理局和其双赢论调的反对之声，D项和B项其实指的是同一内容，因此排除D项。
That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.
31、31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ________.
A、what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
B、what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
C、what people often forget is carrying a book with them
D、what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的usual time-management techniques和don’t work可定位至第二段。根据第二段可知，常见的时间管理技巧不够充足，作者认为这些方法不奏效，随后具体解释了这些方法不奏效的原因——人们挤出时间阅读，却不在状态，而深度阅读需要的不仅仅是时间，还需要阅读状态。由此可知，挤出时间阅读的方法不能满足人们深度阅读所需的条件，因此选择D项。
错项排除：根据文章第五句中的The modern mind可知，现代人喜欢干扰，但是并未提及时间管理方法对其的影响，因此排除A项。B项与题干无关，故排除。C项是对时间管理技巧的举例，不能推测出人们时常忘记随身携带书籍，故排除C项。
32、32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ________.
A、update their to-do lists
B、make passing time fulfilling
C、carry their plans through
D、pursue carefree reading
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“empty bottles”和pressure可定位至文章第三段第五句。根据定位句可知，时间犹如传送带上不断移来的空瓶子，人们感觉到一种压力，因为需要把它们及时填满，否则就浪费了时间。由此可知，“空瓶子”指人们感到压力是由于要让时间过得有意义。因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章定位句未提及与任务清单有关的内容，也未提及完成计划，故排除A项和C项。D项属于反向干扰，根据上下文语义，人们把空瓶子填满就无法自由自在地阅读，因此排除D项。
33、33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps ________.
A、encourage the efficiency mind-set
B、develop online reading habits
C、promote ritualistic reading
D、achieve immersive reading
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Eberle和scheduling regular times for reading可定位至最后一段第二句。文章指出，艾伯乐认为这种养成习惯的阅读能帮助我们跳出时间的限制，而进入心灵的时间。由此可知，安排固定时间阅读有助于实现沉浸式阅读，原文中的soul time指的就是D项的immersive reading，故选择D项。
错项排除：本段第三句指出，设定固定的阅读时间可能会让人觉得助长了以效率为重的心态，但随后指出，作者和艾伯乐都不同意这个看法，故排除A项。文章提及使用电子阅读器是为了减少阅读中分散精力的机会，而非有助于培养在线阅读的习惯，因此排除B项。C项中的ritualistic reading和scheduling regular times for reading都是阅读时间管理的手段，而不是要达成的效果，因此排除C项。
34、34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if ________.
A、reading becomes your primary business of the day
B、all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
C、you are able to drop back to business after reading
D、time can be evenly split for reading and business
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“Carry a book with you at all times”和if可定位至文章最后一段倒数第二句。文章定位句指出，随身携带书籍的方法奏效的条件是时常浸入阅读，将阅读变成一种阅读习惯，而处理事务只是偶尔为之，即阅读成为每日的首要事情，因此正确答案为A项。
错项排除：定位句提出阅读时偶尔抽身处理事务，但这并非随时随地阅读能够奏效的条件，因此排除B项。文章提出把阅读作为一种日常习惯，即在处理完其他事务后立即回到阅读中，因此排除C项。作者并没有机械地按时间分配阅读和日常事务，因此排除D项。
长难句分析：“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.
本句主干为“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work其后的providing引导条件状语从句，用于表示句子主干内容成立的条件，so that引导结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中，动名词reading作主语，且从句中包含from which引导的定语从句，修饰the default state。
句意为：“总是随身携带一本书”也可以发挥作用，让你能够经常进入阅读状态，并使阅读变成一种日常习惯，可以从中暂时抽身关照一些事物后，再重新浸入阅读中。
35、35. The best title for this text could be ________.
A、How to Enjoy Easy Reading
B、How to Find Time to Read
C、How to Set Reading Goals
D、How to Read Extensively
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的best title可定位至全文。作者首段提出人们总感觉没有时间阅读，随后分析了通常的时间管理技巧不奏效的原因，并提出了自己的意见，阐释这种做法有效的原因和条件。文章主要在解决没有时间阅读的问题，即如何帮助人们找到阅读时间，因此选择B项。
错项排除：作者提到的浸入式阅读与轻松阅读不能同等，因此排除A项。作者在第二段中提到深度阅读有时是无目的的，因此C项错误。文章讨论了如何进行深度阅读，而没有讨论阅读的广度，因此排除D项。
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generation in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said. “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”
36、36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is ________.
A、trying out different lifestyles
B、having a family with children
C、working beyond retirement age
D、setting up a profitable business
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的cross-generation可定位至第二段首句。根据第二段首句可知，跨越不同的年代，美国人仍然珍视某些成功人生的传统里程碑，包括结婚、生子、买房和退休。因此B项符合题意。
错项排除：文章未提及尝试不同的生活方式，因此排除A项。C项与定位句意思相反，故排除。D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
37、37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ________.
A、favor a slower life pace
B、hold an occupation longer
C、attach importance to pre-marital finance
D、give priority to childcare outside the home
解析：
答案精析：根据第三段可知，美国年轻人对工作生活有许多观念倾向，其中作者提到年轻人在婚前会确保双方的经济安全，由此可知，年轻人看重婚前的经济条件。因此选择C项。
错项排除：文章指出，年轻人喜欢快节奏的生活和定期换工作，因此排除A项和B项。文章指出只有父母都外出工作才能给孩子提供更好的生活，而不是家庭外的儿童保育，因此排除D项。
长难句分析：Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
本句主干为Young people…were more likely…to prioritize…to believe…to favor…to agree that…to maintain that…。谓语成分由多个并列的不定式充当，其中believe, agree和maintain后面都跟的是宾语从句，作句子主干的宾语。句首的who are still getting started in life是由who引导的定语从句修饰Young people，用于对主语做进一步描述。句末的the survey found作插入语，用于表明句子内容的来源。
句意为：调查发现，与较年长的成年人相比，刚刚开启人生的年轻人更重视在工作中实现个人价值，他们认为定期换工作最能促进事业；愿意住在有更多公共设施的社区，喜欢快节奏的生活；他们认为夫妻在结婚和生孩子前必须有经济保障并坚信在有孩子以后，父母双方还是应该工作，这样才能给小孩最好的生活。
38、38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ________.
A、become increasingly clear
B、focus on materialistic issues
C、depend largely on political preferences
D、reach almost all aspects of American life
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的priorities and expectations可定位至第四段。根据第四段后半部分可知，年轻人的首要顾虑和期望渗透到美国生活的所有方面，原文中spread through virtually all aspects of American life指的就是D项的内容，因此选择D项。
错项排除：文章未提及对首要顾虑和期望的定义，因此排除A项。该段最后提到这些定义涉及从消费倾向、居住结构到政治领域，B、C两项只是会考虑的内容之一而已，不能代表所有方面。因此排除B项和C项。
39、39. Both young and old agree that ________.
A、good-paying jobs are less available
B、the old made more life achievements
C、housing loans today are easy to obtain
D、getting established is harder for the young
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Both young and old agree可定位至第五段第一句。定位句指出，年轻人和年长者对于一点有共识：与前辈相比，年轻人在社会上起步变得更加艰难。随后进一步说明虽然年轻人更加乐观一些，但大多数人都认为年轻人在工作、家庭、财务和住房等方面面临着更大的困难。由此可推断，年轻人更难站稳脚跟了。因此正确答案为D项。
错项排除：文章只说到年轻人在找高薪工作方面有困难，未提及高薪工作变少的例子，因此排除A项。文章提及年长者比后辈更容易取得成功，但并未对成功多少进行比较，故排除B项。文章第五段段末提到年轻人在住房方面还是存在困难，但未提到住房贷款容易获得，因此排除C项。
40、40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?
A、He found a dream job after graduating from college.
B、His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.
C、His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.
D、He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Schneider可定位至文章最后一段。根据文章最后一段可知，施耐德的父母没有完成高等教育，仍然可以给他提供优越的生活，由此可知，他父母的美好生活和大学文凭并没有什么关系。因此正确答案为C项。
错项排除：文章最后一段只提到毕业后好不容易找到一份工作而未提及是否是梦想的工作，因此排除A项。文章未提及他对父母工作稳定的评价，因此排除B项。文章只提到施耐德的工作是机车技师，并未谈到他对这份工作的看法，因此排除D项。
As adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their well-being instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.
41. _____
What does a child do when he’s sad? He cries. When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then—again, like children—move on.
42. _____
A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn’t stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.
43. _____
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.
44. _____
The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) —it doesn’t matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.
45. _____
Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our well-being. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.” And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.
41、(41)
解析：
选项分析
Be silly
此标题的关键词为“silly”（傻的），因此对应段落应与“傻一点的益处”有关。
译文：傻一点。
Have fun
此标题的关键词为“fun”（乐趣），因此对应段落应与“在生活中获得快乐”有关。
Express your emotions
此标题的关键词为“emotions”（情绪），因此对应段落应与“如何表达自己的情绪”有关。
译文：表达自己的情绪
Don’t overthink it
此标题的关键词为“overthink”（想太多），因此对应段落应与“不要过于执着追求幸福”有关。
译文：无须过度思虑
Be easily pleased
此标题的关键词为“pleased”（满足的），因此对应段落应与“知足常乐”有关。
译文：容易满足
Notice things
此标题的关键词为“notice”（留意），因此对应段落应与“关注身边小事”有关。
译文：留意身边小事
Ask for help
此标题的关键词为“help”（帮助），因此对应段落应与“遇到困难时，向他人求助”有关。
译文：寻求帮助
试题解析
41. Express your emotions
答案精析：第二段描述了孩子们会哭或者叫来表达自己的情绪，相反，成年人学会控制和隐藏自己的情绪，最后指出成年人应向孩子学习，适当地表达自己的情绪。express在选项Express your emotions中出现，选项中的emotions是what we feel的同义转述，因此正确答案为Express your emotions。
42. Be easily pleased
答案精析：第三段描述了小孩子会因为廉价的礼物而欣喜若狂，而成年人对于物质追求所得的幸福却如昙花一现。最后告诫我们对身边的点滴心怀感激才能收获幸福。选项Be easily pleased中的easily对应原文的small things。
43. Be silly
答案精析：文章第四段以孩子开怀大笑为例引出话题，建议成年人也应该和孩子一样傻一点。之后分析了大笑对人体的激素、血液和免疫力的影响，最后得出结论认为傻笑对我们是有好处的。选项Be silly中的silly呼应原文中的silliness，因此为正确答案。
44. Have fun。
答案精析：第五段描述了成年人有很多正经的事情要面对，随后转折指出成年人有很多可支配的时间来安排事情，并列举了一些例子说明成年人可以做自己想做的事情，最后也提到了成年人是如何玩乐的。本段主要强调了成年人可以按照自己的意愿享受快乐的时光，因此正确答案为Have fun。
45. Don’t overthink it
答案精析：本段主要说明人们不要有过度追求幸福的执念，随后用科学家的发现和庄子的名言指出幸福应该是顺应自然的。文中的too hard是选项Don’t overthink it中overthink的近义表述，natural与overthink是反义复现，因此正确答案为Don’t overthink it。
42、(42)
解析：见上一题！
43、(43)
解析：见上一题！
44、(44)
解析：见上一题！
45、(45)
解析：见上一题！
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
46、 The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
参考答案：
参考译文
超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间地停留在店里。其原因很简单：你在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品越多；而看到的商品越多，买的就会越多。超市中出售大量的商品。根据食品推广协会的调查，普通的超市大概有44000种不同的商品；还有很多超市出售的商品高达上万种。如此多的选择足以使顾客面对的信息过于繁杂。根据脑部扫描实验，需要快速的做这么多决定会让我们难以承受。大约在购物40分钟之后，大多人就不会再努力做出理性的选择了，取而代之的就是冲动购物——而这时，我们的购物车中已经装了一半根本就没想买的东西了。
解析：
生词本
be designed to do 为某目的或用途而设计
average adj. 平常的；普通的
lure v. 诱惑
contain v. 包含
sheer adj. 十足的
volume n. 数量
overload vt. 负荷过多
brain-scan 脑部扫描
selective adj. 选择的
emotionally adv. 感情用事地
cart n. 手推车
rationally adv. 理智地
accumulate v. 堆积；累积
表达难点：
第一句：The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.
本句为简单句，句子主干为The supermarket is designed to…，into spending…是into介词短语作宾语补足语。is designed to指出超市的目的，意为“被设计用作是……；目的是……”。within its door作地点状语，其中的its指supermarket。
第二句：The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy.
本句为比较结构，其中The reason for this is simple中的this指代前面的句子，可译为“其原因很简单”。The more…the more…句型可译为“越……越……”。
第三句：And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.
本句为简单句。contain本意为“包含；容纳”，直译为“超市包含了大量的商品”，显然不符合中文的表达习惯。因此将其引申为“出售；陈列”。
第四句：The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.
本句的主语为The average supermarket，according to the Food Marketing Institute为插入语，可译为“根据食品推广协会的调查”。carry不能译为“携带”，应译为“有；具有”。tens of thousands more可译为“达数万种之多”。
第五句：The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.
本句为简单句。The sheer volume可译为“大量的……”或“如此多的……”。information overload可译为“信息过载”。
第六句：According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.
本句的句子主干为the demands…become too much…。According to brain-scan experiments可译为“根据脑部扫描实验”。
第七句：After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
本句为复合句，句子主干为most people stop…，and instead begin为主句的第二个谓语部分。which is the point at which第一个which引导定语从句，用于解释说明shopping emotionally；第二个which引导定语从句，修饰the point。that we never是that引导的定语从句，修饰stuff。struggle to do意为“尽力做某事，努力做某事”。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
47、Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1) thank him, and
2) give your advice.
You should write about 100 words on the ANWSER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 point)
参考答案：
参考范文
Dear Jack,
I am very glad to receive your letter and would express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest. In reply to your request, I’d like to share some personal suggestions on how to improve translation skills.
To begin with, it is necessary to read extensively and constantly expose yourself to great reading materials. Through reading English and Chinese materials, you can cultivate a broad knowledge base and accumulate amount of useful expressions. Besides, practice is a must. Only by practicing as much as possible can you aware the weaknesses and strengths, which is important to improve your translation skills.
I sincerely hope that you will find these suggestions useful and I’m willing to discuss it with you about further details.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
参考译文
亲爱的杰克，
很高兴收到你的来信，在此想对你前来祝贺我在翻译比赛中获奖表示感谢。你在邮件中问道如何提高翻译水平，接下来我就如何提高翻译水平分享一下我的个人建议。
首先，博览群书并且不断地让自己接触高质量的阅读材料很有必要。通过阅读中英文材料，你可以打下广泛的知识基础，并且积累很多有用的表达。除此之外，练习是必不可少的。只有通过练习，你才能了解自己的弱项和长处，这对于提升阅读技巧是非常重要的。
我真诚地希望这些建议对你有帮助。我很乐意和你进一步探讨这个话题。
诚挚的，
李明
解析：
本篇作文要求写一封回信，回复函的格式要完整，语言风格应真诚、自然。
文章应包含以下两方面内容：第一，感谢对方的来信祝贺；第二就如何提高翻译水平提出建议。
48、
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points).
参考答案：
参考范文
As is shown in the pie chart, college students travel based on different purposes. 37 percent of college students travel to appreciate beautiful scenery. Next comes the aim of relieving pressure, which accounts for 33 percent. Travelling to make friends, developing their independent capabilities and the rest account for 9%, 6% and 15% respectively.
The survey shows that most college students go on a journey to enjoy the beautiful sightseeing as well as relieve pressure. For one thing, nowadays, college students have more ample time and curiosity to explore the outside world. Travelling will not only provide opportunities to see the outside world, but also increase students’ knowledge and broaden their horizons. For another thing, college students suffer pressures from academic study, employment and interpersonal relationship, and thus, travelling acts as a good stress remover. People always feel refreshed and revitalized after coming back from a trip.
In view of these arguments, it is of no surprise that college students travel mainly for enjoying the beautiful sight and relieving pressure.
参考译文
饼形图中显示，高校学生的旅行目的是不同的。37%的大学生为了欣赏美景而旅行；仅次之的是为了缓解压力，占33%。交友、培养独立自主的能力和其他等旅行目的分别占9%、6%和15%。
调查显示大多数大学生旅行是为了欣赏美景和缓解压力。一方面，如今，大学生有更多空闲的时间和好奇心去探索外面的世界。旅行不仅让学生们有接触外面世界的机会，还丰富了他们的知识，开拓了眼界。另一方面，大学生承受了学业、就业和人际关系方面的压力，旅行可以帮助他们消除这些压力。人们旅行回来后会感到神清气爽、充满活力。
鉴于这些论述，学生们主要为了欣赏美景和缓解压力而旅行也不足为奇。
解析：
题目分析
本次的作文题目是一个饼形图，图表是关于某高校学生旅游目的调查。其中“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”两部分的比重最大，而其他三部分的占比较少。考试在写作时，一方面需要描述图表的信息，另一方面需要对此发表自己的评论。
文章大纲
第一段分析图表的基本信息，列出各个旅游目的所占比重；
第二段指出“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”这两方面所占的比重大，并就此发表自己的意见。
第三段总结全文。
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