一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a (1)_____ on a subway.
It’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s (2)_____ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, (3)_____ into your phone. This universal protection sends the (4)_____ : “Please don’t approach me.”
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide (5)_____ our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be (6)_____ as “weird.” We fear we’ll be (7)_____. We fear we’ll be disruptive.
Strangers are inherently (8)_____ to us, so we are more likely to feel (9)_____ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we (10)_____ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more (11)_____.”
But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t (12)_____ so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a (13)_____. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow (14)_____. “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to (15)_____ how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their (16)_____ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they (17)_____ with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”
(18)_____ , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, (19)_____ human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that (20)_____ : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1、(1)
A、ticket
B、permit
C、signal
D、record
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。根据首段第一句可知，人们通常认为和陌生人交流是无法忍受的，随后说到即使在地铁上没有 ，人们也会紧紧抓住手机不放。由此可推断，人们为了避免和陌生人交流，所以对手机的依赖性非常高，再结合是在地铁上可知，空格处应填入signal，指即使在地铁上没有信号，人们也会紧握着手机不放。故正确答案为C。
错项排除：根据常理可推断，人们在地铁上使用手机不需要买票或者得到许可，故排除A、B两项。D项record表示“记录”，和原文语义不符，逻辑不通，故排除。
2、(2)
A、nothing
B、little
C、another
D、much
解析：
答案精析：副词辨析题。空格所在句开头说到这是一个可悲的现实，句首的It指的是上文所说的人们通常会避免和陌生人交流，两个破折号之间的内容为插入语，也是对这一可悲现实的解释，后面紧跟because来解释为什么这是一种悲剧。由此可推断，人们和陌生人交流是有好处的，但人们经常避免这样做，所以是一种可悲的现实。根据空格后的内容可知，和站在你身边的陌生人交谈可以获得好处，这种好处应该是很多的，这样才可以和前面的语境形成因果关系。句意为：人们避免和陌生人交谈是一个可悲的现实，因为与周围的陌生人交谈会给人们带来许多好处。故本空应填入much。
错项排除：A、B两项都表示否定含义，和空格前的内容无法构成因果关系，如果避免和陌生人交流不会带来什么好处，那么这样做并不能说明是一种可悲的现实，故排除A、B两项。C项another的出现需要在前文中已经提到过一种事物，后文又出现另一种时才用another表示，C项不符合语义，故排除。
3、(3)
A、beaten
B、guided
C、plugged
D、brought
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。前文提到人们和陌生人交流是有很多好处的，随后空格所在句用But表示转折，指出“但是你不会知道这一点”，后半句作句子的状语。结合文章第一段中的cling to their phones（紧紧抓住他们的手机），可知此处的语义应与此相呼应。C项plugged into表示“被堵塞，被塞入”，引申为“人们埋头玩手机”。故本空应填入plugged。
错项排除：A、B、D三项代入空格中分别表示“被击打成像手机一样”，“被指导进手机中”和“被带入到手机中”，三项均不符合逻辑及语义，故排除。
4、(4)
A、message
B、code
C、notice
D、sign
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。空格所在句的This universal protection指的是前一句的plugged into your phone，人们为了避免和陌生人交谈，用埋头玩手机的方式来保护自己。这种普遍的保护行为传递出这样的 ：“请不要靠近我。”由此可知，这种保护行为是传递出了一种“信息”，故本空应填入message。
错项排除：B项code通常表示“代码，密码”，是一种需要通过解释或破译才能明白的东西，空格处的语义表示一种很明确的信息，无需解释或破译，故B项错误。C项notice和D项sign通常表示有形的事物，而空格处表示的是无形的信息，故排除C、D两项。
5、(5)
A、under
B、beyond
C、behind
D、from
解析：
答案精析：介词辨析题。空格所在句为过渡段，用于引出下文为什么人们不喜欢和陌生人交流。根据语义，是什么让我们觉得我们需要隐藏在手机屏幕 ？空格处需要填入一个介词，和前面的hide搭配。screens表示“手机屏幕”，由此可推断此处应指，人们藏在手机屏幕后面，以避免和陌生人交流。故本空应填入behind。
错项排除：A项under与hide搭配意为“躲在……下方”，和原文语境不符，故排除。B、D两项代入空格后不符合逻辑，故排除。
6、(6)
A、misinterpreted
B、misapplied
C、misadjusted
D、mismatched
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。空格前一句指出人们不喜欢和陌生人交流的一个原因是恐惧，随后说到我们害怕被拒绝，亦或是我们单纯的社交行为会被 为是“怪异的”。由此可知，空格处应填入misinterpreted，意为“误解”。
错项排除：空格处表示单纯的社交行为会被人们误解，但这种社交行为不能用“误用”、“失调”或者“不匹配”来表示，B、C、D三项代入空中均不符合逻辑，故排除。
7、(7)
A、fired
B、judged
C、replaced
D、delayed
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。空格所在句是对恐惧这一原因的进一步解释。本段用了三个并列的We fear…，所以每个句子表示的意义应该是相近的语义。前文说到我们害怕被拒绝，害怕被误解。随后又说到我们害怕被 ，害怕会打扰到别人。我们害怕的都是陌生人对我们做出的一种负面的回应，再根据空格前一句所说的害怕被误解，可以推断出空格处应该是表示害怕被别人评判。故本空应填入judged。
错项排除：避免与陌生人交流的原因和害怕被解雇、害怕被代替或者害怕被延迟并没有什么联系，A、C、D三项代入空中均不符合语义，故排除。
8、(8)
A、unreasonable
B、ungrateful
C、unconventional
D、unfamiliar
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。根据空格所在句的语义，陌生人对于我们来说本来就是 ，根据常理可判断，陌生人对于我们来说本来就是不熟悉的。故本空应填入unfamiliar。
错项排除：空格前有一个inherently，表示“天生地，固有地”，A、B、C三项分别代入空格，表示陌生人对我们来说本来就是“不合理的”、“忘恩负义的”和“不寻常的”，三者均不符合逻辑，故A、B、C三项错误。
9、(9)
A、comfortable
B、anxious
C、confident
D、angry
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。本段开头说到陌生人对于我们来说本来就是不熟悉的，所以相比起朋友和熟人，我们和陌生人交谈时更可能感到 。空格后的句子紧接着指出To avoid this uneasiness（为了避免这种不安），this uneasiness指空格句所说的我们和陌生人交谈时的感受，所以空格处应选择和uneasiness意义相近的词。故本空应填入anxious。
错项排除：空格处应填入一个和uneasiness意义相近的词，表示一种负面的感觉，故排除A、C两项。D项angry不符合常理，通常和陌生人交流时的感觉不会是生气的，故排除D。
10、(10)
A、attend
B、point
C、take
D、turn
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。空格处应填入一个动词并与后面的to构成搭配，用于表示we和our phones之间的关系。空格前说到，为了避免我们与陌生人交流时的不安，我们 我们的手机。turn to表示“转向，求助于”，意为我们转向（求助于）我们的手机来避免不安。故本空应填入turn。
错项排除：A项attend to表示“注意，致力于”，B项point to表示“指出”，两项代入空中均不符合逻辑，故排除A、B项。C项take to表示“喜欢，习惯于”，原文指我们会把手机当做一种工具来避免这种不安，并非是喜欢或者习惯于玩手机，故C项错误。
11、(11)
A、dangerous
B、mysterious
C、violent
D、boring
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句的They指的是手机，根据语义，手机是我们的保护毯，是我们快乐的保护镜，手机可以保护我们免受我们认为更 的事物。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个负面意义的词，并且要和前文提到的fear和uneasiness意义相近。故本空应填入dangerous，意为手机可以保护我们免受我们认为危险的事物，也就是之前提到的我们害怕的事物。
错项排除：B项mysterious为中性词，并没有负面、消极的意义，而且和手机也没有什么关联，故排除B。C、D两项虽然都表示消极的意义，但无法和protect形成呼应关系，而且和前文表达的我们害怕的事物没有关联，故排除C、D两项。
12、(12)
A、hurt
B、resist
C、bend
D、decay
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。空格所在句以But开头，表示转折，说明此处的意思和前文相反。前文说到人们埋头玩手机，避免和陌生人交流是害怕被拒绝、被误解。随后空格句说到，不过一旦我们撕掉创可贴，把智能手机塞进口袋，抬起头来，就会发现没有那么糟糕。再结合四个选项的意思可推断，如果放下手机，人们会发现自己认为的伤害其实没有那么糟糕。故本空应填入hurt。
错项排除：B、C、D三项代入空中均不符合语义，且逻辑不通，故排除。
13、(13)
A、lecture
B、conversation
C、debate
D、negotiation
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。空格所在句说到，在一项实验中，行为科学家要求通勤者做一件不可思议的事情。用unthinkable说明这件事对于通勤者来说是不太会做的事情，结合前文语义，文章一直都在说人们不愿意和陌生人交谈，可推断出空格处应指去和陌生人交谈。而且根据空格后的commuters talk to也可推断出，本空应填入conversation。
错项排除：A、C、D三项在原文中均未提到相关内容，而且其他三项和后文的talk to无法形成呼应，故排除。
14、(14)
A、trainees
B、employees
C、researchers
D、passengers
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。根据空格处所在语义，他们让芝加哥列车上的通勤者们和他们同道的 讲话。由此可知，在列车上和通勤者们同道的人肯定是车上的乘客，而且该实验目的是想让通勤者和陌生人去交谈，车上的乘客对于他们来说就是陌生人。故本空应填入passengers。
错项排除：列车上的乘客不一定都从事同一种职业，每个乘客的身份各不相同，故A、B、C三项不符合文意。
15、(15)
A、reveal
B、choose
C、predict
D、design
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。根据空格后的would feel和would be more可知本句为过去将来时，此处描述了一种还未发生的事情，对于未发生的事情应该用“预测”来表示，故本空应填入predict，意为研究人员让同一火车站的其他人预测与陌生人交谈后的感受。
错项排除：A、B两项均不能用于表达未来还未发生的事情，故排除。D项design和空格后的how they would feel无法构成逻辑关系，故D项错误。
16、(16)
A、voyage
B、flight
C、walk
D、ride
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。前文说到实验是在通勤列车上进行，之后研究人员让同一火车站的其他人预测与陌生人交谈后的感受，通勤者认为如果他们一个人坐着，他们的 会更愉快。由此可知，空格处应选择一个表示“旅途或短途旅程”意思的单词，故本空应填入ride。
错项排除：前文说到通勤者是在火车上，A、B、C三项均不能和火车搭配，故错误。
17、(17)
A、went through
B、did away
C、caught up
D、put up
解析：
答案精析：动词短语辨析题。根据空格所在句语义，尽管参与者并不期望会有积极的体验，但在他们 实验后，“没有一个人说感到了尴尬。”最后引号里的句子给出了实验的结果，要得出结果必须是在实验完成后，所以空格处应该为“在他们完成实验后”。故本空应填入went through。
错项排除：B、C、D三项代入空格后均不符合语义，且与后面的结论无法构成先后顺序的关系，故排除。
18、(18)
A、In turn
B、In particular
C、In fact
D、In consequence
解析：
答案精析：逻辑关系辨析题。最后一段对前文内容进行了总结，空格后面提及，报告显示与没有交流的人相比，和别人交谈的通勤方式更令人愉快。这和上一段的最后一句意义相同，表示这句话是对上一句话的进一步解释。故本空应填入In fact，表示一种递进关系。
错项排除：空格所在句表达的是一种事实，A项In turn和本句语义毫无关联，故排除。B项In particular表示尤其针对某一种事物，通常表达强调的语义，和原文语义不符，故排除。D项In consequence用于表示因果逻辑关系，和原文的递进关系不符，故排除。
19、(19)
A、unless
B、since
C、if
D、whereas
解析：
答案精析：连词辨析题。空格处需要填入一个连词来表达上下文的关系。根据空格前可知，报告显示与没有交流的人相比，和别人交谈这种通勤方式更令人愉快，这是毋庸置疑的。空格后说到，人类靠社会联系而兴旺发达。由此可推断前后文之间是一种因果关系，故本空应填入since，表示原因。
错项排除：A、C两项表示条件关系，D项表示转折关系，代入空格均不符合逻辑，也无法构成因果关系，故排除。
20、(20)
A、funny
B、simple
C、logical
D、rare
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。最后一句话是对全文的总结，前文所表述的所有内容其实就是在说与陌生人交谈能让你感到彼此之间的联系。空格处的词应和冒号后的句子形成呼应。根据冒号后的内容和上下文可推测出此处应表示，其实道理很简单，就是要去和陌生人交谈。故本空应填入simple。
错项排除：A、D两项代入空格后和语义毫无关联，故排除。C项有一定的干扰性，但要注意是否要和陌生人进行交谈是人们主观上的一种选择，与是否合理并没有太大关联，故排除C。
长难句分析：In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, since human beings thrive off of social connections.
本句的主干为…these commuters were…more enjoyable…，为主系表结构。句首的In fact作句子的状语，用于引出之后的结论。compared with…作比较状语，用于引出比较的对象。后面的which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的主句，用于对主句进行补充说明。since引导原因状语从句，用于解释前面which引导的定语从句的原因。
句意为：事实上，报告显示与没有交流的通勤方式相比，和别人交谈的通勤方式更令人愉快，这是毋庸置疑的，因为人类正是在社会联系的基础上发展的。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21、21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home _____.
A、was an unrealistic place for relaxation
B、generated more stress than the workplace
C、was an ideal place for stress measurement
D、offered greater relaxation than the workplace
解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至原文第一段。第一段第一句指出，一项新的研究表明，与大多数调查相反，人们在家里比在工作中更有压力。要注意题干问的是大多数以前的研究发现，而定位句说的是新研究的结果，而以前的研究结果和新研究结果应该是相反的，因此以前的研究结果是人们在工作场所比在家中更有压力，也就是人们在家中会更放松，故D项表述与原文表述相符，正确答案为D。
错项排除：根据上述分析可知，过去的研究都发现人们在家中的压力要比在工作中的压力小，A、B两项与之前的研究结果都相反，故A、B项表述错误。首段第二句提到Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker（研究人员测量了人们在工作和在家时的皮质醇水平，皮质醇是一种压力标记），此处说的测量是研究的方法，并非研究的结果，且ideal place毫无根据。故C项内容错误。
22、22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
A、Working mothers.
B、Childless husbands.
C、Childless wives.
D、Working fathers.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Damaske和happiest at home可定位至原文第二段。首先根据第二段第三句可知，男性在家中比在工作中更快乐，由此可以先锁定B、D两项。第四句接着说到，无论是有孩子的人还是没有孩子的人，研究结果都适用，但对没有孩子的人来说更加适用，也就是没有孩子的人在家中更快乐。结合这两点可知，没有孩子的丈夫在家中是最快乐的人。故正确答案为B。
错项排除：由之前的分析可知，男性在家中更快乐，而非女性，故可排除A、C两项。原文并没有提到男性是否有工作的相关信息，而且也说到没有孩子的人比有孩子的人在家中更快乐，故D项错误。
23、23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that _____.
A、they are both bread winners and housewives
B、their home is also a place for kicking back
C、there is often much housework left behind
D、it is difficult for them to leave their office
解析：
答案精析：根据blurring和working women可定位至原文第三段最后一句。由第三段最后两句可知，对于那些在外面工作的女性来说，她们经常回到家还要做家务。随着角色的模糊，以及家庭在为职业女性做调整方面远远落后于工作场所，女性在家压力更大也就不足为奇了。由此可知，职业女性不仅要在外工作，回到家中还要做家务。故正确答案为A。
错项排除：原文中第三段第二句出现了kick back（休息），但该句说的是对于男性来说，家是一个休息的地方，而非职业女性，故A项错误。根据原文可知，职业女性确实有很多家务活要做，但这只是她们角色模糊的一个方面而已，因为她们既要在外工作，又要在家做家务才导致了角色模糊，仅一方面并不能体现出角色的模糊，C项内容以偏概全，故排除。原文第三句出现了never get to leave the office，但该句针对的是women who stay home（家庭主妇），此处的office指的是家庭，和working women（职业女性）不相关，故D项错误。
长难句分析：With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
本句的主干为…it’s not surprising…，为主系表结构，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。句首的With引导伴随状语，其中包含了两个并列成分，一个是the blurring…，另一个是the fact…，后面的that引导同位语从句，用于解释the fact。同位语从句中的in making adjustments…用于解释在哪方面是落后的。
句意为：随着角色的模糊，以及家庭在为职业女性做调整方面远远落后于工作场所，女性在家压力更大也就不足为奇了。
24、24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means _____.
A、energy
B、skills
C、earnings
D、nutrition
解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至第四段最后一句，但要推断moola的意思需要结合前文语义。第四段第二句说到，在工作中，人们很清楚他们应该做什么：工作、赚钱、做那些为了赚取收入而必须做的工作。第四段最后一句说到，员工投入了数小时的体力劳动或脑力劳动，从而赚取可以维持生计的moola。由此可推断，moola指的就是前文说到的income（收入）。故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项energy和B项skills分别对应第四段最后一句中的physical or mental labor，和原文语义重复，而且这些是换取moola所需的东西，并非要换取的对象，故A、B两项错误。原文并没有提到任何与nutrition（营养）相关的信息，并且赚取营养也不可能是付出脑力或体力劳动的目的，故排除D项。
25、25. The home front differs from the workplace in that _____.
A、home is hardly a cozier working environment
B、division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
C、household tasks are generally more motivating
D、family labor is often adequately rewarded
解析：
答案精析：根据home front和the workplace可定位至原文第五段。第五段第一句的however表示转折，说明home front和前一段描述的工作场所的情况是相反的。前两句指出，然而，在家里，人们却没有这样清晰的分工（没有像工作那样清晰的分工）。很少有家庭的劳动分工能如此客观而有条不紊。由此可知，家里的劳动分工很少明确，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文并没有针对working environment（工作环境）相关的内容进行讨论，A项无中生有，故排除。原文第五段第三句指出，家里有很多的家务要做，而且其中大部分都没有足够的奖励，所以家庭劳动并不能带来丰厚的报酬，也谈不上可以激励人了，故C、D两项表述错误。
长难句分析：Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.
本句为倒装句，句子主干是Rare is the household…，倒装的主系表结构。后面in which引导定语从句，修饰household，从句的主干为被动语态。句子的正常语序是The household in which…is rare.
句意为：家庭的劳动分工很少如此客观和有条不紊。
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”
26、26. Recruiting more first-generation students has _____.
A、reduced their dropout rates
B、narrowed the achievement gap
C、missed its original purpose
D、depressed college students
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Recruiting more first-generation students可定位至原文首段第三句，对应原文recruit more of them，其中them指的就是前文的first-generation students。第三句指出了招收大学生的目的所在，大学和学院几十年来一直在努力招募更多的第一代大学生，是因为如果这些学生完成高等教育，他们最有可能在经济上取得成就。随后第四句提到，这造成了“一种悖论”，即招收第一代大学生，但随后看到其中许多学生失败，意味着高等教育“继续复制和扩大，而不是缩小”这种基于社会阶层的成就差距。也就是说他们招收大学生并没有达到想帮助他们提高经济成就的目的，反而不断地在复制和夸大他们的失败。由此可知，招收第一代大学生没有达到最初的目的，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：本题需要仔细分析首段第三、四句才可得出答案，略有难度，考生也可通过排除法快速选出答案。原文首段第二句提到，第一代大学生的成绩更低，辍学率更高，而A项内容与原文意思相悖，故排除。原文首段第四句出现了reproduce and widen…achievement gap（复制和扩大成绩差距），可知成绩差距并没有缩小，B项内容与原文意思相悖，故排除。首段最后出现了depressing一词作为D项的干扰词，但要注意原文中的depressing指的是论文开头陈述的事情令人沮丧，并非是令大学生沮丧，故D项错误。
长难句分析：This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
本句主干为This has created “a paradox”…，主谓宾结构。This指代前一句提到的招收更多的第一代大学生。主句后面in that引导原因状语从句，recruiting…but then watching…作状语从句的主语，means是谓语，后面的that引导宾语从句。句末的according to作状语，用于解释前面论点的来源，其中forthcoming作后置定语，修饰a paper，意为“即将出版的文章”。
句意为：根据一篇即将发表在《心理科学》杂志上的论文所述，该文章开篇的描述令人沮丧，这造成了“一种悖论”，即招收第一代学生，但随后看到其中许多学生失败，这意味着高等教育“继续复制和扩大，而不是缩小”这种基于社会阶层的成就差距。
27、27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because_____.
A、the problem is solvable
B、their approach is costless
C、the recruiting rate has increased
D、their findings appeal to students
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的optimistic可定位至原文第二段。该段开头提及，这篇文章实际上是相当乐观的，因为它概述了这个问题潜在的解决方案，as在原文中相当于题目中的because。由此可知，乐观的原因是这个问题是可以被解决的，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：原文中出现了next-to-no-cost program表示“几乎没有成本的项目”，作为B项的干扰，但几乎没有成本只是说成本花费很少，并非完全没有成本，而且这也只是对该解决办法的具体描述，并不是乐观的原因，故B项错误。原文第二段并没有针对招生率和是否对学生有吸引力进行阐述，C、D两项属于无中生有，故排除。
长难句分析：But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
本句主干为But the article is actually quite optimistic…，主系表结构。主句后面的as引导原因状语从句，用于解释主句观点的原因， suggesting作伴随状语，修饰it outlines a potential solution to this problem，其中that引导宾语从句，作suggesting的宾语。第一个括号中的内容为which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的approach，用于对该方法进行补充说明。第二个括号中的内容为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的achievement gap，用于说明成绩差距的衡量方式。
句意为：但这篇文章实际上是相当乐观的，因为它概述了这个问题的一个潜在的解决方案。它提出了一种方法（包括一个需要一小时、几乎没有成本的项目）可以消除第一代和其他学生之间63%的成绩差距（通过成绩等因素来衡量）。
28、28. The study suggests that most first-generation students_____.
A、study at private universities
B、are from single-parent families
C、are in need of financial support
D、have failed their college
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的most first-generation students以及顺序原则，可定位至原文第三段。该段第三句出现了Most of the first-generation students，与题目中的关键词对应。根据文章可知，大多数第一代大学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金的获得者，这是一种针对有经济需要的本科生的联邦补助金。因此，大多数的第一代大学生都需要经济上的支持，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：第三段首句提到该研究是针对147名来自私立大学的学生进行的调查，但并不能说明大多数的第一代大学生都在私立大学学习，A项曲解文意，故排除。第三段第二句出现了not having a parent作为B项的干扰词，但要仔细分析整个句子的意思，该句指出第一代大学生被定义为其父母没有四年制大学学位，并非是来自单亲家庭，故B项错误。前文虽然提到第一代大学生的辍学率高，但这并不能体现大多数学生都不能完成学业，故D项错误。
长难句分析：Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
本句为while连接的并列句，前面一个分句的主干为Most of the first-generation students…were recipients of Pell Grants…，主系表结构。两个逗号之间的内容是Pell Grants的同位语，用于对Pell Grants进行解释说明。后面的分句主干为this was true，是主系表结构。for…为介词结构引出true的对象，with at least…degree作后置定语，修饰students。
句意为：大多数第一代大学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金的获得者，这是一种针对有经济需要的本科生的联邦补助金，而对于父母中至少有一人拥有四年制大学学位的学生，这一比例只有8.6%。
29、29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students _____.
A、are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
B、can have a potential influence on other students
C、may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
D、are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的authors of the paper believe和first-generation students可定位至原文第四段，对应第四段首句出现的the view that first-generation students。该句指出，他们的理论基于这样一种观点：第一代大学生可能最缺乏的不是潜力，而是如何应对大多数大学生面临的问题的实用知识。也就是说，这些学生在大学里处理问题缺乏经验。D项中的inexperienced对应原文lacking…in practical knowledge，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：原文中虽然有提到achievement gap，但并没有说到过学生对成绩差距的态度是怎样的，A项内容无中生有，故排除。第四段首句虽然出现了potential一词，但该句说的是大学生的潜力，并非对其他学生的潜在影响，B项内容与原文意思不符，故排除。全文并未提及有关申请研究项目的信息，C项内容无中生有，故排除。
长难句分析：Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.
本句主干为Their thesis…was based on the view…，主谓宾结构。两个破折号之间的内容是由that引导的同位语从句，用于对主语thesis进行解释说明。主句宾语the view后面的that引导同位语从句，用于对view进行解释说明。该从句的谓语部分由not…but…连接，意为“不是……而是……”。句末issues后面的that引导定语从句，修饰issues。
句意为：他们的理论认为相对温和、简单的干预可能会产生巨大影响。这一观点基于这样一种认识：第一代学生可能最缺乏的不是潜力，而是如何应对大多数大学生面临的问题的实用知识。
30、30. We may infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A、universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
B、students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C、social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D、colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至最后一段。最后一段前两句指出，许多第一代大学生“努力适应高等教育的中产阶级文化，学习‘游戏规则’，并利用大学资源”。当大学不考虑不同学生群体的阶级优劣势时，这个问题就变得更加严重。随后第三句用Because开头，解释了问题会变严重的原因，因为美国的学院和大学很少承认社会阶层会如何影响学生的教育经历。也就是说，由于大学忽视了社会阶层对第一代大学生造成的影响，使得该问题更加严重，所以大学对此问题负有部分责任。故正确答案为D。
错项排除：最后一段首句提到，许多第一代大学生努力适应高等教育的中产阶级文化，但并没有明确指出大学对此的态度，A项内容与原文不符，故排除。该句提及take advantage of college resources，但此处说的是学生利用大学资源去适应高等教育的中产阶级文化，并没有提到他们因缺乏资源而受到责备，故B项错误。第三句指出社会阶层会影响学生的教育经历，但并未说明这种影响是好的还是坏的，C项内容过度推断，故排除。
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As a linguist once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.
31、31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become _____.
A、more emotional
B、more objective
C、less energetic
D、less strategic
解析：
答案精析：根据Nancy Koehn和office language可定位至原文首段第一句，原文中the lingua franca of corporate对应题目中的office language。该句提到，南希·科恩指出与20年前相比，美国企业界的通用语言变得更加情绪化，也更加右脑化。more emotional为原词复现，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：首段最后一句话中出现了strategies, objectives和energy作为其他三项的干扰词，但这些词只是用于列举并对比不同年代企业用词的不同，并非在描述现在办公室语言的特点，故B、C、D三项错误。
32、32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to _____.
A、historical incidents
B、gender difference
C、sports culture
D、athletic executive
解析：
答案精析：根据“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary可定位至原文第二段首句。该句指出，新时代的企业词汇是以“团队”为导向的，而且这并非偶然。之后用体育运动的例子来说明教练和团队堪比如今企业中的老板和员工，认为公司就像是一支体育团队。所以“团队”导向的企业词汇与运动文化相关，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项中的incidents是对原文by coincidence作干扰，但要注意A项的historical incidents是指“历史事件”，而by coincidence表示“偶然”，二者意思有很大不同，故A项错误。原文中的male-dominated是在说美国企业以男性为主导，但并没有提到有关女性的信息，也并没有说到性别差异的问题，故B项错误。原文中出现的体育人员的职位是为了和如今企业中老板及员工的角色进行类比，它们和企业词汇并没有什么关联，故D项错误。
33、33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to _____.
A、revive historical terms
B、promote company image
C、foster corporate cooperation
D、strengthen employee loyalty
解析：
答案精析：根据Khurana和importation of terminology可定位至原文第三段。该段第一句直接表明，库拉纳认为这些术语给工作赋予了意义，并且增加员工对公司的忠诚度。allegiance意为“忠诚，拥护”，对应D项中的loyalty，increase对应D项中的strengthen，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：第三段第二句说到这些企业术语曾经被非盈利组织和宗教组织使用过，但这并不能代表是为了复兴历史术语，A项内容过度推断，故排除。原文没有提到任何有关company image和corporate cooperation的信息，B、C两项内容无中生有，故排除。
34、34. It can be inferred that Lean In _____.
A、voices for working women
B、appeals to passionate workaholics
C、triggers debates among mommies
D、praises motivated employees
解析：
答案精析：根据Lean In可定位至原文第四段第二句。该句提到，上世纪九十年代的“妈妈大战”仍在继续，引发了人们对女性为何不能兼顾工作和生活的争论，以及《向前一步》这类书籍的兴起。该句中的have it all指的是前一句中的work-life balance，也就是说Lean In一书的内容和职业女性为什么不能做到平衡工作和生活相关，所以这本书是在为职业女性代言，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：第四段最后一句出现了passion，作为B项内容的干扰词，但此处的passion和Lean In这本书的内容并没有关系，此处在说如果你对你的工作很有激情，你就更有可能全身心地投入到工作中去，故B项错误。该段第二句mommy wars是对C项内容的干扰，但是此处的“妈妈大战”是促使Lean In等书的出版，并非是这本书引发了“妈妈大战”，C项颠倒了因果关系，故C项错误。第四段首句keep employees motivated是对D项内容的干扰，该句在说这些关注个人成就的企业词语会激励员工，并非指表扬有积极性的员工，而且D项内容和Lean In一书没有关联，故排除D项。
长难句分析：The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.
本句主干为The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on…，主谓结构，today作时间状语。后面prompting至句末为现在分词作结果状语，该状语中arguments和books为prompting的并列宾语。句末的whose引导定语从句，修饰Lean In，用于对此书做进一步的解释说明。
句意为：上世纪九十年代的“妈妈大战”仍在继续，引发了人们对女性为何不能兼得两者的争论，同时也推动了谢丽尔•桑德伯格的《向前一步》等书的兴起，该书的书名本身已经成为了一个流行语。
35、35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
A、Managers admire it but avoid it.
B、Linguists believe it to be nonsense.
C、Companies find it to be fundamental.
D、Regular people mock it but accept it.
解析：
答案精析：根据office speak可定位至原文最后一段第一句。该句指出，但这似乎是对办公室语言的讽刺：每个人都取笑它，但经理们喜欢它，公司依赖它，普通人愿意接受它。每个人都取笑它，普通人愿意接受它，D项中的mock对应原文的makes fun of，accept对应原文中的absorb，由此可推断，正确答案为D。
错项排除：该段首句提到了managers love it，但是并没有说到会回避它，故A项错误。最后一段第二句出现了nonsense，作为B项的干扰词，原文的意思是一位语言学家说道：“你可以让人们认为它是胡说八道”，但这并不代表语言学家认为这是胡说八道，B项内容与原文意思不符，故排除。该段第一句提到companies depend on it作为C项的干扰，表示公司依赖使用办公室语言，但并不能说明这就是公司最根本的东西，C项内容过度推断，故排除。
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36、36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
A、The prospect of a thriving job market.
B、The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
C、The possibility of full employment.
D、The acceleration of job creation.
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的part of the jobs picture和neglected可定位至原文第二段第一句，该句中的overlooked意为“忽视，忽略”，对应题目中的neglected。下文对忽略的部分进行解释：自愿从事兼职工作的人数大幅增加。故正确答案为B。
错项排除：文章第一段引出了主题，即美国就业问题好转，A项内容是对第一段的概括，并非是就业状况忽视的部分，故排除A项。第一段最后一句提到，要恢复充分就业，我们还有很长的路要走，说明充分就业的可能性并没有被忽略，故排除C项。首段第三句指出，目前看来，美国经济正在以相当快的速度创造就业机会，说明加速创造就业机会也是目前正在进行的，并没有被忽略，故排除D项。
37、37. Many people work part-time because they _____.
A、prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
B、feel that is enough to make ends meet
C、cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
D、haven’t seen the weakness of the market
解析：
答案精析：根据题目中Many people work part-time可定位至原文第三段第二句。该句表示，许多做兼职工作的人实际上想要全职工作。之后说到，他们做兼职工作是因为他们只能找到兼职工作。故正确答案为C。
错项排除：该段第二句明确指出许多做兼职工作的人实际上想要全职工作，只是找不到才只能去做兼职工作，并非他们更喜欢兼职工作，故A项表述错误。该段最后一句说到，many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet（许多人将很难维持生计），可见兼职工作并不足以让他们维持收支平衡，故排除B项。第三段最后一句中的weakness in the labor market，作D项内容的干扰词，但该句说的是非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，并不是说人们没有看到市场的疲软，D项曲解文意，故排除。
38、38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US _____.
A、is harder to acquire than one year ago
B、shows a general tendency of decline
C、satisfies the real need of the jobless
D、is lower than before the recession
解析：
答案精析：根据题目中的Involuntary part-time employment可定位至原文第四段第一句。该句明确指出，六月份非自愿兼职人数有所增加，但总体趋势有所下降，也就是非自愿的兼职工作总体呈现出下降趋势，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文只提到了非自愿兼职工作的人数对比，并没有对工作难找与否以及是否满足了失业者的需要进行阐述，A、C两项属于无中生有，故排除。第四段第二句明确说到，非自愿兼职就业人数仍远高于衰退前，所以D项内容和原文意思相悖，故排除。
39、39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, _____.
A、it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B、employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C、it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D、full-time employment is still essential for insurance
解析：
答案精析：根据题目中的Obamacare可定位至原文最后两段，这两段都是在针对奥巴马医改的相关内容进行描述。倒数第二段首句指出，奥巴马医改的主要目的之一是允许人们在没有工作的情况下获得保险，该段最后一句说到，在奥巴马医改之前，获得保险的唯一途径是提供健康保险的工作。文章最后一句表示，有了奥巴马医改，就业和保险不再有联系。由此可推断，就业不再是获得保险的先决条件，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：倒数第二段第一句提到，奥巴马医改的主要目的之一是允许人们在没有工作的情况下获得保险，也就是要让人们更容易获得保险，而且后文也说到之前获得保险的唯一途径是要通过一份工作得到，可见之前获得保险并非很容易，A项内容与原文意思相悖，故排除。C项内容为家庭成员投保仍然很困难说的是在奥巴马医改之前的事情，奥巴马医改后解决了这一困难，C项内容与原文意思不符，故排除。文章最后一句提到，有了奥巴马医改，就业和保险不再有联系，这说明全职工作已经不能成为获得保险的必要条件了，故D项内容错误。
长难句分析：For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
本句主干为…the only way to get insurance was through a job…，主系表结构。句子开头的For many people作状语，表示主句的对象。两个逗号之间的内容为插入语，用于对people进行解释说明。before Obamacare为时间状语，主句后面的that引导定语从句，修饰job，用于解释job的作用。
句意为：对许多人来说，特别是那些有严重健康问题的人或家庭成员有严重健康问题的人，在奥巴马医改之前，获得保险的唯一途径是提供健康保险的工作。
40、40. The text mainly discusses _____.
A、employment in the US
B、part-timer classification
C、insurance through Medicaid
D、Obamacare’s trouble
解析：
答案精析：主旨题，需要理解全文进行分析。文章首先介绍了美国就业问题好转的情况，随后又指出就业问题好转的原因是由于兼职人员的增加，这点也是人们所忽略的。之后对兼职人员进行了自愿和非自愿的区分，并且分析了为什么兼职人员会增加。最后指出自愿兼职率高和奥巴马医改有关系。由此可知，全文都在针对美国的就业情况进行分析，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B、C两项内容都是文章在分析美国就业情况时作出的分析，只是文章的一部分，不能作为文章的主题，故排除B、C两项。原文中并没有提到有关奥巴马医改遇到的麻烦，D项内容无中生有，故排除。
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.
41. ________________
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42. ________________
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.
43. ________________
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44. ________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45. ________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
41、(41)
解析：
选项分析
You are not alone
此标题关键词为“not alone”（不孤单），因此对应段落应与“个人是否孤单”有关。
译文：你并不孤单。
Don’t fear responsibility for your life
此标题关键词为“fear responsibility”（害怕责任），因此对应段落应与“害怕承担责任”有关。
译文：不要害怕对你的生活负责。
Pave your own unique path
此标题关键词为“unique path”（独特的道路），因此对应段落应与“个人的选择及行为”有关。
译文：铺就自己独特的道路。
Most of your fears are unreal
此标题关键词为“fears are unreal”（恐惧是不真实的），因此对应段落应与“恐惧对个人的影响”有关。
译文：你大部分的恐惧都是不真实的。
Think about the present moment
此标题关键词为“present moment”（当下），因此对应段落应与“关注当下，珍惜现在”有关。
译文：想想当下。
Experience helps you grow
此标题关键词为“experience”（经历），因此对应段落应与“经历是如何帮助个人成长”有关。
译文：经历帮助你成长。
There are many things to be grateful for
此标题关键词为“grateful”（感恩），因此对应段落应与“我们要常怀感恩之心”有关。
译文：有很多事情值得感恩。
试题解析
41. Most of your fears are unreal
答案精析：文章第三段中一直在对fear进行论述，因此可以把答案锁定在Most of your fears are unreal和Don’t fear responsibility for your life两项。再根据段落内容分析，该段首句提出恐惧既是有益的，也是有害的。之后两句分别对恐惧的利弊做出了解释，随后引用了一位演员的话，“恐惧不是真实的。它是你丰富想象力的产物。”由此推断，本题正确答案为Most of your fears are unreal。
错项排除：在全文中只有第三段内容提到了fear，但该段并没有提到和responsibility相关的内容，故B项不符合文意。
42. Think about the present moment
答案精析：第四段首句就提出了本段的主旨，try to focus on the present moment（试着关注当下）。为了确定该段的主旨是否正确，可以接着分析后面的内容。后文提到如果总是执着于过去的事情或者总是在焦虑未来，对我们都是有害的。段末又提到关注当下的好处，所以本段的主旨就是要关注当下的事情。故本题正确答案为Think about the present moment。
43. There are many things to be grateful for
答案精析：第五段前两句说到，有时候你很容易感到难过，因为你正经历着艰难的时刻。你很容易被生活中的问题所困扰，你会忘记停下来去感恩你所拥有的东西。因此G项“有很多事情值得感恩”是此段的主旨，There are many things to be grateful for项中的grateful for对应原文中的appreciate。故本题正确答案为There are many things to be grateful for。
错项排除：Experience helps you grow项“经历帮助你成长”为本题的干扰项，本段提到了我们会经历一些艰难的时刻，但后文并没有具体说明这些经历会怎样帮助到我们，而是在强调我们应该停下来感恩所拥有的东西，珍惜生活，而不是一味地抱怨。因此，Experience helps you grow与本段文意不符。
44. You are not alone
答案精析：第六段首句直接提出了本段的主旨，you should always remember that you are not alone（你应该永远记住你并不孤独）。后文又指出，你的家人和朋友都是你最亲近的人，在你身边提供帮助。A项中的You are not alone为原词复现，故本题正确答案为You are not alone。
45. Pave your own unique path
答案精析：最后一段前两句指出，如今许多人发现很难相信自己的观点，而且会贬低自己的观点。最后两句说到当你在努力实现一些重要的事情时，你应该相信自己，相信自己的决定是最好的。你有自己的思想，有自己的价值观，要做出自己的选择。所以本段的主旨是要铺设自己独特的道路，故正确答案为Pave your own unique path。
42、(42)
解析：见上一题！
43、(43)
解析：见上一题！
44、(44)
解析：见上一题！
45、(45)
解析：见上一题！
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.
46、 Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.
参考答案：
参考译文
想象一下驾驶在一条非常熟悉的路上。它可能是你上班、进城或回家的路。不管哪一条路，你对路上的每一处转弯都了如指掌。在这样的路途中，很容易在驾驶时分散注意力，很少关注路边的风景。这样做的结果是，你觉得这次旅途花的时间比实际时间要少。
这就是熟路效应：人们往往会低估走熟悉路线时所需要的时间。
这种效应是由我们分配注意力的方式造成的。当我们走在一条非常熟悉的路上时，因为我们不需要集中太多精力，时间似乎就过得更快。之后，当我们回想起这段旅途时，由于我们没有太注意它，所以我们对这段旅途记得不是很清楚。因此，我们就会觉得这段路途更短了。
解析：
生词本
route n. 路线
consequence n. 结果
commute n. 通勤
perceive v. 感觉
twist n. 转弯处
well-travelled adj. 行走次数多的
sort n. 类别
underestimate v. 低估
concentration n. 专注
allocate v. 分配
scenery n. 风景
assume v. 认为
know someplace like the back of one’s hand 对某地了如指掌
名师解析
第一句：Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.
表达难点：首句为祈使句，用于表达希望别人做某事。that引导了一个定语从句，修饰前面的route，用于解释是一条什么样的路。Think about可译为“设想，想象”。句子较简单，直译即可。本句话可译为：想象一下驾驶在一条非常熟悉的路上。
第二句：It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.
表达难点：第二句为主系表结构，其中表语包含了用or连接的三个并列的名词短语，三个短语都和第一句的route有关，在翻译时要注意体现出道路这一点。句子较简单，按照语序直译即可。本句话可译为：它可能是你上班、进城或回家的路。
第三句：Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.
表达难点：句子主干为…you know every twist and turn…，主谓宾结构，可译为“你了解每一处转弯”。句首的Whichever引导让步状语从句，其中it代指前文说的route。句子后半部分的like the back of your hand为介词短语作状语，意为“对……了如指掌”。本句话可译为：不管哪一条路，你对路上的每一处转弯都了如指掌。
第四句：On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.
表达难点：本句较为复杂。句子主干是…it’s easy to…，主系表结构，it为形式主语，不用翻译。真正的主语是由and连接的两个动词不定式结构to loss…and (to) pay…。句首的On these sorts of trips作地点状语，用于解释主句发生的地点背景，可译为“在这样的路途中”。loss concentration on表示“分散对……的注意力”，passing scenery可译为“沿路风景”。本句话可译为：在这样的路途中，很容易在驾驶时分散注意力，很少关注路边的风景。
第五句：The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
表达难点：句子主干为The consequence is…，主系表结构。第一个that引导表语从句，用于解释是一个什么样的结果。第二个that引导宾语从句，是perceive的宾语，表明看法。than引导比较状语从句，其中it指代前面提到的trip，此处将“旅途花的时间”和“实际时间”进行比较。本句话可译为：这样做的结果是，你觉得这次旅途花的时间比实际时间要少。
第六句：This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
表达难点：本句是由冒号分隔的两个分句，冒号后的句子是well-travelled road effect的同位语，对其进行补充解释。前半句为主系表结构，较为简单，直译即可。well-travelled对应前文的familiar，可译为“熟悉的”，整个the well-traveled road effect可译为“熟路效应”。冒号后面的句子包含一个省略了that/which的定语从句it takes to travel a familiar route，用于修饰time，表示“走熟悉路线时所需要的时间”。本句话可译为：这就是熟路效应：人们往往会低估走熟悉路线时所需要的时间。
第七句：The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.
表达难点：本句是被动语态，其中包含一个省略了that/which的定语从句we allocate our attention，用于修饰the way，表示“我们分配注意力的方式”。本句话可译为：这种效应是由我们分配注意力的方式造成的。
第八句：When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.
表达难点：本句主干为…time seems to flow more quickly，主系表结构，可译为“时间似乎过得更快”。句首的When引导时间状语从句，用于表明事情发生的时间背景，travel down可译为“走在……的路上”或“沿着……走”。后面的because引导原因状语从句，对主句情况的发生进行解释，concentrate much表示“太过集中注意力”。本句话可译为：当我们走在一条非常熟悉的路上时，因为我们不需要集中太多精力，时间似乎就过得更快。
第九句：And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.
表达难点：本句主干为…we can’t remember the journey well…，主谓宾结构，可译为“我们对这段旅途记得不是很清楚”。主句前面的when引导时间状语从句，用于解释主句发生的背景，it代指主句的journey，可译为“当我们回想起这段旅途时”。主句后面的because引导原因状语从句，用于对主句进行解释说明，表示是因为我们没有集中太多的注意力在这段旅程上。注意在翻译时按照中文“先原因，后结果”的表达习惯进行翻译，可把because引导的原因状语从句放在主句之前翻译。本句话可译为：之后，当我们回想起这段旅途时，由于我们没有太注意它，所以我们对这段旅途记得不是很清楚。
第十句：So we assume it was shorter.
表达难点：简单句，按照顺序直译即可，但要注意assume应译为“觉得，认为”。本句话可译为：因此，我们就会觉得这段路途更短了。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
47、47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2) call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
NOTICE
Our school is organizing a summer camp for high school students, from 1st to 10th in July. This camp aims to give a touch of adventure and sporting experience. The summer camp will be training students in games like hockey and badminton.
In order to ensure the smooth operation of the summer camp activities, we are recruiting 10 to 15 volunteers. Students with volunteer experience or with experience in playing hockey and badminton will be preferred. We also hope that you can have a high sense of responsibility and team spirit.
At 10 a.m. on June 15, there will be a volunteer interview at the Student Activity Center. Come and join us if you’re interested!
Student Union
June 5, 2015
参考译文
通知
我们学校在7月1日到10日的暑假期间为高中生组织一个夏令营活动。举办此次夏令营的目的是想让学生们在假期中感受到冒险和运动的体验。这个夏令营将会训练学生如何打曲棍球和羽毛球。
为了保证夏令营活动的顺利进行，我们现在需要招募10到15名志愿者。有志愿者经验或有打曲棍球、羽毛球经验者优先。我们也希望你能有高度的责任感和团队精神。
6月15日上午10点，学生活动中心将举行志愿者面试。如果你感兴趣就来加入我们吧！
学生会
2015年6月5日
解析：
题目分析
2015年小作文题目要求写一封招募夏令营活动志愿者的通知。考生要注意Notice的格式，在正文上方要写Notice的标题，在最后要写通知发出人或发出单位，以及发布的日期。写作形式和一般书信格式相同，校园活动的通知不需要使用过于正式的语言，自然顺畅即可。第一段简单介绍夏令营活动的具体内容及时间，第二段简要描述对志愿者的要求，最后一段呼吁同学们踊跃参加面试，并注明面试时间和地点即可。
48、
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
This pie chart describes the proportion of the residents’ spending during the Spring Festival holiday in a certain city in China. The figure clearly shows that the residents spent the largest proportion of money on Spring Festival gifts during the holiday, 40% of the total expenses. Transport and dinners and parties each accounted for 20% of total spending, as did other expenses. It can be seen that during the Spring Festival, people attach great importance to buying New Year gifts.
This happens for the following reasons. First of all, the Spring Festival is an extremely important holiday for Chinese people. During the festival, people usually visit relatives and friends, and giving gifts is a way to express New Year wishes. This is very helpful for people to maintain interpersonal relationships. Besides giving gifts, people will take transportation to go home or go for a trip during the holiday, and having dinners or attending celebration parties with relatives and friends would be other ways to celebrate. So people would also spend a certain percentage of their money on transportation and parties.
To sum up, we can see that Chinese people always maintain a very traditional way of celebration during the festival—giving gifts and having dinners or holding parties. Anyway, enjoying the festive atmosphere is more important.
参考译文
这幅饼状图显示了我国某市居民春节假期的花销比例。图中清晰地展示了居民在春节期间购买春节礼物的花销占比最大，达到了总花销的40%。交通和聚会吃饭的花费各占了总花销的20%，在其他事物方面的花费也占到了20%。由此可见，在春节期间，人们对于购买新年礼物是非常重视的。
这种现象是由以下原因引起的。首先，春节对于中国人来说是一个无比重要的节日。在春节期间，人们会走亲访友，而赠送春节礼物则是表达新年祝福的一种方式。这非常有助于人们维持人际关系。除了赠送礼物之外，人们在春节期间都会乘坐各种交通工具回家过年或出门旅行，和亲戚朋友一起聚会吃饭是其他可选的庆祝方式。所以人们在交通和聚会上的花费也占据了一定的比例。
综上所述，我们可以看出，中国人在春节期间一直保持非常传统的庆祝方式——赠送礼物、聚餐和聚会。不管则样，享受节日的快乐氛围才是更重要的。
解析：
题目分析
2015年大作文是以饼状图命题，展示我国某市居民春节假期的花销比例。本题其实就是在考查对数据统计的分析，要能揭露出数据想表达的意义是什么。建议考生要仔细思考数据的本质以及得出该数据的原因是什么。
文章大纲
第一段：简要描述图表的数据信息。
第二段：揭露图表数据背后的原因。
第三段：总结实际现象。
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