一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that (1)______ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by (2)______ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big (3)______ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. (4)______, he theorised that a judge (5)______ of appearing too soft (6)______ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison (7)______ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To (9)______ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the (8)______ of an applicant should not depend on the few others (10)______ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was (11)______.
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews (12)______ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had (13)______ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale (14)______ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were (15)______ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is (16)______ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one (17)______ that, then the score for the next applicant would (18)______ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to (19)______ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been (20)______.
1、(1)
A、grants
B、submits
C、transmits
D、delivers
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。题目所在句说，“乍一看，这好像是一个优点，可以_______做决定的能力”。空格前的that引导定语从句，先行词为a strength，空处所填词为从句的谓语，并能与the ability搭配。A表示“赋予，给予”，符合句意，因此grants为正确答案。
错项排除：把其余选项代入原文，意思分别为“递交某种能力”，“传送某种能力”，“递送某种能力”，而“能力”并非具体的物品，显然不能被递交、传送和递送，故排除B、C、D。
2、(2)
A、minor
B、objective
C、crucial
D、external
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。题目所在句为which引导的定语从句，修饰judgments。空格所在句大意为：做判断不会受到_______因素的影响，需要填入一个形容词修饰factors。由原文第一句可知，人们在自己做决定时很少考虑背景信息（background information），背景信息属于外在因素，因此D正确。
错项排除：A、B、C三项都能与“因素”搭配，而minor factors意为“次要因素”，objective factors意为“客观因素”，crucial factors意为“重要因素”，虽然单看短语无误，但这三个选项都不能与上下文构成连贯的衔接，也无法与第一段第一句的中心句呼应，因此排除。
3、(3)
A、issue
B、vision
C、picture
D、moment
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。题目所在句说，“尤里·西蒙森博士推测，缺乏考虑大体_______的能力使得决策者因日常接触的琐碎信息而产生偏见。”由句意推测，此处应填入表示远大前景、大局观之类的词汇，the big picture表示“大局，大环境”，因此C项正确。
错项排除：big issue表示“大问题”，big vision表示“大视野”，big moment指“重要时刻”，与上下文语义不符，衔接不通顺，因此排除。
4、(4)
A、For example
B、On average
C、In principle
D、Above all
解析：
答案精析：本题考查固定搭配。题目所在句说，他将上面的论点理论化，后接具体的案例。把各个选项代入原文，A选项表示下文是对上一句的举例说明，与文意相符，因此正确。
错项排除：把其余各个选项代入原文，B项侧重指平均水平，C项后应该接一个概括性的论述，D项后应该接相比前文更重要的事物，而空格之后为具体例子，三项均与原文语义不符，故排除。
5、(5)
A、fond
B、fearful
C、capable
D、thoughtless
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。题目所在句说，法官_______会在判决时心慈手软，以至于在一天中判了五、六名罪犯做社区服务后，更可能把后面的罪犯送进监狱，可见法官们对轻判的态度应该是担心的，B选项符合题意，修饰a judge，因此正确。
错项排除：把A选项代入空格意为，法官喜欢轻判罪犯，显然不合题意。C选项代入空格表明，法官有能力把罪犯轻判，也不合逻辑。D选项代入空格表示法官判决过轻是一种轻率的做法，是对法官的客观评价，而原文为法官自己的感受，所以也排除。
6、(6)
A、in
B、on
C、to
D、for
解析：
答案精析：介词辨析题。原文表达的是法官对于判决过轻的态度，以至于他们在一天中判了五、六名罪犯做社区服务后，更可能把后面的罪犯送进监狱。空格处填入的介词需要修饰crime，in表示“在……中”；on可以表示“关于，在……方面”；to表示“朝向”；而for表示“为了”。显然用on更符合句意，表示“在犯罪方面”。
错项排除： in表示“在……中”，与原文不吻合。C选项to与appear构成固定搭配，但appear to (be)的意思是“看起来像”，也不符合文意。而D选项for构成“为了犯罪”，偏离文意，故排除。
7、(7)
A、if
B、until
C、though
D、unless
解析：
答案精析：连词辨析题。题目所在句为状语从句，法官更有可能把某个罪犯送进监狱，_______他把之前的五、六个人判得很轻，只是做社区服务。四个选项全是逻辑关系词，A项代入空格意为“如果他把前面的人判得很轻”，符合文意。
错项排除：until代入空格意为“直到他把之前的人判得很轻”，表示送进监狱的人发生在轻判的人之前，与文章句意颠倒。将though代入表示“虽然他把之前的人判得很轻”，不构成逻辑关系。代入D项unless则为“除非该法官把之前的人判得很轻”，也无法构成合理的逻辑关系。因此这三项均可排除。
8、(8)
A、promote
B、emphasize
C、share
D、test
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。题目所在句说，为了_______这一观点，他转向研究大学录取新生的过程。其中空格处所填动词对应的this idea（这一观点）是指文章开头所提出的中心论点，即人们做决定不一定会考虑背景，而上一段已经给出了一个具体的例子，所以接下来需要被进一步证实，即“验证他的观点”，所以选D。
错项排除：A选项代入原文意为，“为了提升这一观点”，提升与观点不搭配，故排除A选项。B选项代入空格意为“强调这一观点”，虽然逻辑无误，但西蒙森研究大学录取机制并非为了强调他的观点，因此排除B选项。同理，西蒙森研究大学录取机制也不是为了分享他的观点而进行的下一步研究，因此排除C。
9、(9)
A、decision
B、quality
C、status
D、success
解析：
答案精析：名词辨析题。题目所在句表示的意思是，理论上，一名申请者的_______不应该取决于……，D选项代入原文意为“申请者的成功”与上下文意思贴切，因此选D。
错项排除：代入A选项，表示申请者的决定不应取决于其他人，但根据原文，做出决定的是面试官而非申请者，主语不对应。代入B选项意为，一名申请者的质量不由其他人决定，但由于全文大意是说这些申请者被录用时，决策者的考虑因素，所以quality在这里与主旨不符，故排除B选项。代入C选项则表示申请者的地位，与上下文无关，因此也排除。
10、(10)
A、chosen
B、studied
C、found
D、identified
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。原文句意为，申请者的成功不应取决于在同一天被随机_______来参加面试的其他申请者。将四个选项代入原文，分别得到“被随机选中”、“被随机研究”、 “被随机找到”、“被随机认出”，显然只有chosen更加符合原文，因此选A。
错项排除：B选项代入空格表示“随机研究”，但原文的研究是针对性的研究，而并非随机的研究，所以排除。C和D两项暗示在找到或认出之前都有一个寻找的过程，而这一过程显然不能是随机的，因此也排除。
11、(11)
A、exceptional
B、defensible
C、replaceable
D、otherwise
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。原文句意为，但西蒙森博士怀疑事实是_______的。文中的连接词but表示结果与上文论述的观点相反，因此可以直接选出D选项，otherwise作形容词表示“相反的”。
错项排除：将其他三个选项分别代入空格，显然A项“卓越的”和B项“可防护的”不能与上文构成转折关系，而且语意也不通顺。而C选项“可代替的”与truth（事实）含义矛盾，无法搭配，因此这三项均可排除。
12、(12)
A、inspired
B、expressed
C、conducted
D、secured
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。空格处应填入过去分词作后置定语。空格所在句大意为：他研究了31名面试官_______的9323次MBA面试结果。显然四个选项中能与interviews搭配的动词只有conducted，表示“进行面试”，因此C项为正确答案。
错项排除：将其他选项填入空格，均不符合题意，面试不是被鼓舞、表达或保护的，因此全部排除。
13、(13)
A、assigned
B、rated
C、matched
D、arranged
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。四个选项均为过去式，原文意为面试官曾经给MBA申请者以1-5的等级来_______。本题很明显可以推断出B项rated（评分）为正确答案。
错项排除：将A、C、D三个选项分别代入后得到“指派到1-5级”、“匹配到1-5级”和“安排到1-5级”，三个选项都与文意不相符，无法与scales搭配，因此排除。
14、(14)
A、put
B、got
C、gave
D、took
解析：
答案精析：本题考查固定搭配。题目所在句意为，这一评分标准考虑了很多因素。能与into consideration搭配的词只有took，因此选D。
错项排除：put，get和give三个词都不能与into consideration构成搭配，因此排除。
15、(15)
A、instead
B、then
C、ever
D、rather
解析：
答案精析：副词辨析题，空格处前后构成被动语态，大意为：_______这一分数会被和申请者的GMAT成绩一起使用，用来决定是否录用。选项B可以使上下文构成顺承关系，先给申请者打分，然后把该分数和GMAT一起作为评判标准，因此选B。
错项排除：把其余三个副词代入空格，意思分别为“取而代之的是这一分数......”、“曾经这一分数......”和“这一分数相当能被利用”，都语意不通，因此排除。
16、(16)
A、selected
B、passed
C、marked
D、introduced
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。四个选项均为被动语态，原文为which引导的定语从句，大意为：GMAT是一种_______有800分的标准化考试。与上文exam和下文points对应的词义只有C选项，即指该考试满分为800分，代入后符合题意。
错项排除：主语是一种考试，而考试本身无法进行选择、通过或介绍，因为这些动词的主语通常是人，故排除。
长难句分析：The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
本句主干为The scores were then used，为主谓结构，使用了被动语态。in conjunction with an applicant’s score是方式状语，表明使用这些分数的方式。GMAT是Graduate Management Admission Test的缩写形式，a standardised exam是GMAT的同位语，which引导的定语从句修饰a standardised exam，to make a decision是目的状语，表明使用这些分数的目的。
句意为：然后这些得分与管理学研究生入学考试，或简称为GMAT——一种满分为800分的标准化考试——的成绩一起决定申请者是否会被录取。
17、(17)
A、before
B、after
C、above
D、below
解析：
答案精析：介词辨析题。空格处大意为，如果某位申请者的分数比_______高出0.75分，再根据后文表述的后一名申请者的得分变化，以及上文中提到的previous candidate（前面的申请者）可知，if从句应是将previous candidate与之前的作比较，A项正确。
错项排除：申请者的面试顺序只有前后，没有上下，因此先排除C、D两项。将B项代入文中，句意为“如果第二个人比第三个人高出0.75分，则第三个人的分数会_______0.075分”，此时无论第三人分数是高还是低，比较对象都很混乱，因此B排除。
18、(18)
A、jump
B、float
C、drop
D、fluctuate
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。本空所在句的句意为：第三个面试者的分数可能会比第二个_______0.075分。再根据下一句中出现了such a decrease（这样的下降），与之对应的同义词为drop，所以选C。
错项排除：A项与decrease意义相反，故排除。B和D都表示分数上下浮动，表明第三名申请者的分数可能高也可能低0.075分，与下文decrease不对应，所以排除。
19、(19)
A、achieve
B、undo
C、maintain
D、disregard
解析：
答案精析：动词辨析题。题目空格处与to构成一个不定式，作effects的目的状语。本句的句意为：这个（分数的降低）看起来很小，但要_______这一降低的影响需要申请者的GMAT分数多考30分。B项代入原文意为“抵消分数减少带来的影响”最符合逻辑和上下文语义，因此正确。
错项排除：A项代入空格意为“达成这一降低的影响”，不符合逻辑，故排除。C项代入空格，意为“保持这一影响”，与后面说的更高的GMAT分数相悖。D代入空格意为“轻视这一降低的影响”，但disregard表示的是对某人某事的轻蔑态度，而不是忽略，因此排除D项。
20、(20)
A、promising
B、possible
C、necessary
D、helpful
解析：
答案精析：形容词辨析题。本句指GMAT就要比_______再高出30分。将四个形容词代入原文，C项代入原文意为“比原本需要的分数”，符合语义，所以正确。
错项排除：将其他选项代入原文分别意为“有前途的分数”、“可能的分数”和“有帮助的分数”，都不符合语境，故排除。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line —Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21、21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ________.
A、poor bargaining skill
B、insensitivity to fashion
C、obsession with high fashion
D、lack of imagination
解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的criticizes可以定位至第一段， criticizes（批评）为原文中scolds（责备）的同义词。原文scolds后为普雷斯特利责备助手的原因：high fashion doesn’t affect her（高端时尚对她没有影响），也就是说该助手对时尚不敏感，与B选项（她对时尚缺乏敏感性）的表述一致，因此B为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的关键词为bargaining（谈判），文中没有提及这一方面，故排除。C项的关键词为obsession（执着），文章并未说明助手对高端时尚的执着，而是说明了一系列对时尚不敏感的现象，与执着无关，故排除C选项。D项中的imagination与原文imagining对应，但原文表明高端时尚对该助理没有影响，而并非缺乏想象力，故排除D。
22、22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to _________.
A、combat unnecessary waste
B、shut out the feverish fashion world
C、resist the influence of advertisements
D、shop for their garments more frequently
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词Cline和mass-market labels可定位至第二段第二句，根据关键词urge consumers定位至该段第四句。第二段第二句列举了一些服装品牌，以及它们的业务趋势：对流行趋势反应更快，对需求的期望更加精确。第三句为实现这些目标的具体措施：减少库存浪费、增加新品发布频率和提高利润。文章第二段第四句指出，这些品牌鼓励消费者把衣服看作一次性商品（disposable），也就是洗一两次即可丢弃的商品（虽然他们没有公开宣传这一观点），并鼓励消费者每两周更新一次自己的衣柜。由此可知，D选项（更频繁地买衣服）与原文表述一致。
错项排除：A项说鼓励消费者减少浪费，而原文第二段第二句是指商家自身要减少库存浪费，故排除。B项在原文中未提及，因此排除。原文只提到商家不会把自己的伎俩通过广告灌输给消费者，而非拒绝广告，因此与文意不符，故排除C项。
23、23. The word “indictment” (Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to _________.
A、accusation
B、enthusiasm
C、indifference
D、tolerance
解析：
答案精析：单词位于第二段第一句中，该句指出“时尚从高端开始，逐渐向社会底层蔓延”的观点，而这一观点相比克莱恩在书中讨论的快时尚来说已经过时。本段最后一句提到克莱恩认为这些大众品牌操控着时尚产业周期，撼动传统的季节性时尚周期规律，可知克莱恩对“快时尚”的不满，因此indictment和A项accusation（控诉）意思最接近。
错项排除：第二段表达的是Overdressed一书作者克莱恩对“快时尚”态度。由第二段中encourage... to see clothes as disposable, last only a wash or two和hijacked等词汇和句子推测出作者的态度是负面的，而非热情、冷淡或可以忍耐的态度，所以排除其他三项。
24、24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A、Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
B、The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
C、People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
D、Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
解析：
答案精析：文章最后一段最后一句指出，人们只有无法为虚荣心买单时，才会选择更加可持续的购物方式，其中sustainably与environmental-friendly对应，when they can’t afford与pricing对应，因此D项与文意符合。
错项排除：A项Vanity在文中出现，但并不属于idealist（理想主义者）的特点，故排除A项。最后一段中间指出，大服装企业也开始注重环保和可持续，ignores与此矛盾，故排除。C项表示人们对买不起的衣服感兴趣，是对文章最后一句的曲解，与文中的含义不符，所以C项也排除。
25、25. What is the subject of the text?
A、Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
B、Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
C、Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
D、Exposure of a mass-market secret.
解析：
答案精析：本题为主旨题。第一段借一个电影片段来引出传统时尚是自上而下的；第二段通过克莱恩的书表明现在的时尚传播则受到大型服装企业操纵；第三、四段叙述这种快餐式的服装时尚的危害；第五、六段介绍理想时尚典范并点明快餐式服装业的变革出路。根据这些信息，只有C项能涵盖到全文信息，故正确。
错项排除：本文语气并非讽刺，也没有提及购买服装与生活方式之间的关系，因此A排除。虽然快餐式时尚确实是一种对高端时尚的挑战，但B的表述不符合文章主旨。本文体现的是服装产业的特点，并非对其秘密的曝光，所以排除D项。
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
Advertisers are not horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNF on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?
26、26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to _________.
A、ease competition among themselves
B、lower their operational costs
C、avoid complaints from consumers
D、provide better online services
解析：
答案精析：根据题干定位到第一段第三句。定位句指出通过追踪用户的搜索记录，企业可以更精准地为用户投放“行为定向”广告。根据上下文可知，广告业存在资金浪费的现象，而精准投放广告可以减少这种经费浪费，选项B（降低运行成本）与原文符合。
错项排除：第一段没有提及广告行业内部竞争，也没有提及消费者是否投诉，A、C两项与原文无关，应当排除。而广告商的目的是提供更精准的广告，并不等同于更好的服务，因此排除D项。
27、27. “The industry” (Line 4, Para.3) refers to _________.
A、online advertisers
B、e-commerce conductors
C、digital information analysts
D、internet browser developers
解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位到第三段最后一句。根据第三段第一句中DNT服务是被加入到internet browsers（互联网浏览器），可知The industry指代的是前一句中的几个例子：Internet Explorer, Safari和即将提供DNT服务的Chrome，即浏览器开发商响应这些提供DNT服务的需求，与D选项吻合，所以选D。
错项排除：DNT业务应该是使用浏览器的客户使用，因此应该由浏览器的开发者开发，而不是广告商，因此排除A项。而运营商和数字信息分析师在文中没有提及，所以排除。
28、28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default _________.
A、may cut the number of junk ads
B、fails to affect the ad industry
C、will not benefit consumers
D、goes against human nature
解析：
答案精析：根据人名Bob Liodice可定位到第五段第四句。定位句中鲍勃指出，如果广告产业不能收集用户偏好信息，那么用户体验会更糟（worse off），而投放的广告不会变少，反而会更没有意义，更没有针对性（less meaningful, less targeted），即用户会接收到无目的、没有针对性的广告，由此可以判断出“请勿跟踪”设为默认对消费者的体验无益，选C。
错项排除：原文没有提及垃圾广告这一概念，因此A排除。本段第一句提到广告商的态度是horrified（惊慌失措），而且根据文意也可推测广告商会受到较大的影响，因此B错误。而D偏离文章主题，且在文中未提及，故排除。
长难句分析：Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.
本句主干为Bob Liodice… says consumers…，为主谓宾结构，其中宾语是省略that引导的宾语从句。the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers是Bob Liodice的同位语。宾语从句中嵌套了if引导的条件状语从句。
句意为：美国广告主协会会长鲍勃·雷奥戴斯说，如果广告商不能收集有关用户偏好的信息,那么这对于消费者来说将更为不利。
29、29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?
A、DNT may not serve its intended purpose.
B、Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.
C、DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.
D、Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.
解析：
答案精析：第六段主要介绍了微软率先将“请勿跟踪”服务设为默认的原因和后果。“请勿跟踪”服务设立的意义是为了让用户选择不被广告商追踪，而第六段信息透露了对“请勿跟踪”前景的担忧。这些都可以推断出“请勿跟踪”无法达到预期目的，所以正确答案为A。
错项排除：B选项说广告商的态度为willing（愿意的），与文章意思相反，广告商并不愿意执行“请勿跟踪”。文章未提及消费者对“请勿跟踪”的态度，故排除C项。文章指出行为广告可以使广告商减少资金浪费，由此可知，广告商应该很乐意提供定向广告，而并非被迫，故排除D项。
30、30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of _________.
A、indulgence
B、understanding
C、appreciation
D、skepticism
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词Brendon Lynch 和his blog可定位到最后一段，Brandon Lynch在博客中写道：“我们应该给用户更多的控制权”，但全文最后一句作者反问道：“真的是这么简单吗？”。可以直接得出作者对该条博文的态度是skepticism（怀疑）。
错项排除：作者最后一句显然表现了怀疑的态度，因此可排除其余三项。
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31、31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ________.
A、our desire for lives of fulfillment
B、our faith in science and technology
C、our awareness of potential risks
D、our belief in equal opportunity
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词vision of the future和used to可定位到第一段第一句。定位句指出：直到几十年之前，我们对未来都是充满积极的期待和广阔的憧憬，虽然也许不是所有人都这么认为。接下来第二句解释了这种信心来源于科技（science and technology），并指出科技可以治愈人类所有疾病（cure all the ills of humanity），让人人生活幸福、机会平等（lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all），B选项为原文的同义转述，因此正确。
错项排除：A项中的desire在原文中未提及。C项对应第二段第一句对风险的论述，但不属于vision of the future的范围，因此排除。第一段中提及机会均等，但属于科技进步的结果，而非信念，故排除。
32、32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are _________.
A、a sustained species
B、a threat to the environment
C、the world’s dominant power
D、a misplaced race
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词Red List定位到第三段第四句。在濒危物种名单中对人类危险级别的描述中，人类被列为“无危害物种”（Least Concern），因为人类分布广泛、适应力强、数量不断增长，且没有主要威胁。这些论述都说明人类是可以持续发展的，所以A选项正确。
错项排除：B项是用最近发生的对未来可能构成威胁的一些事件设置的干扰项，但本段的主旨与人类威胁论相反，所以排除B。在文中从未提及与“主宰”有关的信息，故排除C项。D项中的关键词misplaced在第三段中出现，但错位的并非人类，而是人类的gloominess（担忧），故排除。
33、33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
A、Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
B、Technology offers solutions to social problems.
C、The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
D、Our immediate future is hard to conceive.
解析：
答案精析：第五段第一句中的lengthy timescales和more immediate future，分别指长远构想和短期未来，而文章表明长远的构想要比短期未来更容易，这句话含义与D选项“近期未来很难设想”意义符合，因此D正确。
错项排除： A选项关键词为Arc，即一本杂志名，但Arc创立的原因是把长久设想留给futurologists（未来学家），而不是限制他们，故排除。B项关键词solutions to social problems在文中没有提及，故排除。而C选项强调对科幻小说的兴趣，但本段主要是作者提议将展望人类未来交给科幻小说，与读者兴趣无关，因此也排除。
34、34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to _________.
A、[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
B、[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
C、[C] draw on our experience from the past
D、[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词the future of mankind可以定位到第六段第二句。第六段第二句the past holds the key to the future，即了解过去是掌控未来的关键。只有C选项与本段主旨相符，因此C是正确答案。
错项排除：A项在本文中未提到，把人们常见观点作为干扰项，故排除。B项在第三、四段提及，但乐观态度只是对人们的建议，而非保障人类未来的因素，故排除。D项的关键词reshape（重演）在文中未提及，故排除。
35、35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A、Uncertainty about Our Future
B、Evolution of the Human Species
C、The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
D、Science, Technology and Humanity
解析：
答案精析：本题为主旨题。从文章最后一句，可以推断出文章的基调为对人类未来充满希望，而只有C选项表达的是积极态度，所以选C。
错项排除：A项中的不确定性只是第五段的部分观点，并不能代表整个文章的观点，因此排除。B项是人类作为一个物种的进化过程，涵盖范围太广，故排除。D项还原第一段的科学技术与人类，但本文主旨在对未来的预期上，而不是科学技术对人类未来的影响，以偏概全，故排除。
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately “occupied the field”, and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36、36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ________.
A、deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers
B、disturbed the power balance between different states
C、overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
D、contradicted both the federal and state policies
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词Three provisions of Arizona’s plan可定位到第二段第一句。第一句提及亚利桑那州打算让州立警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法，这一举措招致争议，四项争议条款被法院推翻了三项。第二、三句交代发生这一事件的原因：只有华盛顿才有权力“制定统一条例”，而且联邦法律高于州法律，但亚利桑那州的措施却使州法律与联邦法律有同样权力，说明联邦的权威受到挑战，由此可推断，C项正确。
错项排除：这些提案侵犯的不是警察权力而是联邦权力，因此排除A项。原文没有提到其他州的权力，因此排除B。D项为强干扰项，文章未提及这三项提案与联邦或该州政策相矛盾，因此排除D。
37、37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?
A、Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.
B、States’ independence from federal immigration law.
C、States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
D、Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.
解析：
答案精析：第四段第一句提到，司法部认为亚利桑那州警察可以去验证那些相关人员的合法身份。第二句指出，联邦试图与州一起合作执法和分享信息，由此可知司法部立足的基础是各州在执行移民政策时扮演的合法角色，因此选C。
错项排除：文章提及联邦鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息，而非隐瞒相关信息，故排除A项。上文提及联邦的权威超越各州，各州在独立执行移民法时被联邦视为越级，因此排除B。D项在文章中未提及，因此也排除。
38、38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts _________.
A、violated the Constitution
B、undermined the states’ interests
C、supported the federal statute
D、stood in favor of the states
解析：
答案精析：根据关键词the Alien and Sedition Acts可定位到第五段第二句。该句指出，一名叫Antonin Scalia的法官引用法案为州政府权力进行辩护。由此可见，该项法案支持州特权，因此D项正确。
错项排除：文中没有提及the Alien and Sedition Acts是否违宪或支持联邦法规，因此A、C两项可排除。该法案被用来维护州权益，因此应该对各州有益而不是有损害，因此排除B项。
39、39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement _________.
A、outweighs that held by the states
B、is dependent on the states’ support
C、is established by federal statutes
D、rarely goes against state laws
解析：
答案精析：根据题目关键词The White House可定位到第六段第二、三句。根据定位句可知，白宫认为，即使亚利桑那州严格遵守联邦法律，州法律也挑战了联邦法律的优先级。事实上，白宫可以宣布任何它不认可的州法律无效。换句话说，白宫的权力比各州更大，A项符合原文意思，所以A选项正确。
错项排除：定位句指出，白宫可以直接宣布它不认可的州法律无效，而不需要各州支持，B项与此矛盾。文中没有体现白宫执行权的赋予者是谁，因此排除C项。文中只提及就算州法律合法，白宫也有权力废止州法律，而没有提到是否相悖，因此D排除。
40、40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A、Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
B、Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.
C、Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
D、The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
解析：
答案精析：本题为段落理解题。文章最后一段讨论大法官否决白宫对移民政策控制强化的原因。最后一段指出，联邦政府有一些特殊权力，而检查移民身份的权力由国会控制，联邦政府本身不想执行国会的政策，也企图压制各州执行这些政策。再根据最后一句可知，大法官是为了阻止政府压制地方权力，B项符合原文意思，故正确。
错项排除：原文中提到政府不想执行国会的政策，说明有决定权的并不是国会，A排除。文章从未提及与协调有关的信息，故排除C项。D项关键词是主导，但综合全文来看，移民事项并非由一个部门单独主导，因此排除。
41、 The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)________________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42) ________________ This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ________________
When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) ________________ This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ________________ That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
参考答案：EFBGC
解析：
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
42、 It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) 【yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.】
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)【 A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.】 This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) 【The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.】 In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) 【most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.】 In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) 【It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word “garden” though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.】 In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.
参考答案：
参考译文：
46. 然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然意识到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求。
47. 无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅仅是避难栖息之地。
48. 无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在，要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。
49. 我们大多数人都会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身于一个花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消。
50. 正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的参照，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些人造建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从相当有自由度的意义来讲。
解析：
生词本：
irrepressible adj. 压抑不住的 urge vt. 催促
turbulence n. 动荡 crude adj. 未加工的
distinctly adv. 无疑地 composure n. 镇静
discernible adj. 可识别的 segment n. 环节
inarticulate adj. 不善言辞的 intrinsic adj. 固有的
abide v. 容忍，经受 demoralization n. 道德败坏
clumplike adj. 块状的 symbolically adj. 象征性地
biophilia n. 热爱生命的天性 yearning n. 渴望
uncanny adj. 怪异的 representational n. 代表性的
表达难点：
46. ①when引导时间状语从句，表示主句发生的时间，为主谓宾结构，最后的后置定语表示gardens的来源。这部分译为“但当一个人看到那些无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时”。②主句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，it strikes me that…可译为“不禁会产生这样的感觉”。主语从句的主干为these gardens speak of… urges，是主谓宾结构，这部分译为“这些花园表达了各种各样的其他基本需求”。③for all their diversity of styles为让步状语，for在此表示“尽管，就算有”。这部分译为“尽管他们有不同的风格”。④ beyond后为介宾结构作状语，使用that指代urges，所以这部分译为“甚至超越对装饰和表达创造力的需求”。
47. ①句子的主干为A sacred place of peace…is a distinctly human need，是主系表结构，译为“一处神圣的平静之地……是人类的一种特有需求”。②however crude it may be为让步状语，表示“不管……”，这部分译为“不管多么简陋”。③as opposed to shelter中as opposed to表示“与……相反”，有比较含义，这部分译为“与庇护所相反”。④非限制性定语从句的which指代shelter，这部分译为“庇护所是一种动物特有的需求”。
48. ①本句主干为The gardens of the homeless introduce form为主谓宾结构，into an urban environment为地点状语。主干部分翻译为“无家可归者的花园把一种形式介绍到城市环境中”。②which引导定语从句，指代The gardens of the homeless，in effect意为“事实上是”，从句可翻译为“（无家可归者的花园）其实是无主的花园”③where引导的定语从句修饰an urban environment（城市环境），it指代form。定语从句可翻译为“（在这种环境中）要么不存在这种形式，要么不那么清晰”。
49. ①句子主干为主谓宾结构，give in to sth.表示“屈服于……”，demoralization表示“变坏”。这部分译为“我们大部分人屈从于精神萎靡”。②which引导的定语从句修饰a demoralization of spirit（精神萎靡），先行词在从句中作blame的宾语，即we usually blame the demoralization of spirit on …，所以这部分翻译为“我们经常把它怪罪于某些心理状态”。③until引导时间状语从句，one day为从句的时间状语，as if by magic为方式状语，表明vanish（消失）的方式。这部分译为“直到某天，我们发现自己置身于一个花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消”。
50. ①It is…that…为强调结构，强调句子主语，其中reference to nature表示“对自然的参考”。这部分译为“正是由于这种对自然或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的参照，才充分使得‘花园’一词具有合理性”。②though in a “liberated” sense作让步状语，liberated译为“自由度高的”，这部分译为“虽然是一种‘自由度高’的用法”。③不定式结构to describe these synthetic constructions目的状语，表明使用“花园”一词的目的，故这部分译为“来描述这些人为的建造”。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
43、Part A
51. Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
参考答案：
【参考范文】
Dear Prof. Smith,
On behalf of Students’ Union, I am writing this letter to invite you to be a judge for the speech contest which will be held in Students’ Union Hall on Monday, January 21.
Your work will be grading each contestant’s performance according to their intonation, fluency, content of speech and ability of expression. As a well-respected scholar in English language and culture, we firmly believe that you can offer us valuable suggestions on improving our students’ English proficiency.
It would be a great honor for us if you could accept this invitation. We are looking forward to your prompt reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【参考译文】
亲爱的史密斯教授：
我代表学生会写信邀请您担任于1月21日周一在学生会大礼堂举行的英语演讲比赛的评委。
您担任评委的工作是根据参赛者语音、语调、流利度、演讲内容和表达能力来为他们打分。作为一名受尊敬的英语语言文化学者，我们坚信您能为提高我们学生英语能力提供宝贵的意见。
如果您能接受邀请，我们将感到不胜荣幸，我们也期待着您能尽早回信。
诚挚的，
李明
解析：
【题目分析】
本题要求考生以李明的身份向一名外教写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任英语演讲比赛的评委。电子邮件注意规范格式，包括称呼、致谢和落款。根据题目要求，写作的内容应包括：
第一段：介绍写信目的、邀请意图、演讲比赛的时间和地点（也可以放在第二段）。
第二段：介绍工作的具体内容以及外教胜任评委的原因。
第三段：诚挚表达希望外教能接受邀请和尽快回复的请求。
44、
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
参考答案：
【参考范文】
This picture represents a vigorous situation that nearly every graduate student will face: seeking jobs, further studying, starting a business or going aboard. Whichever choice they make will affect their life for good, making decisions is indeed difficult for people in their early 20s.
Without exception, everyone has to make difficult choices from time to time, especially at such an intersection of life. While some choices are easy, one cannot avoid the task of making difficult decisions. Sufficient evidence has proved that choices are often directly related to one’s happiness, which may be tough for university graduates, who face a hard and crucial decision upon graduating. However, as is known to all, every individual is different, and one must take the factors of one’s personal life into consideration. In addition to an awareness of individual characteristics, making the right choice also depends on correct self-appraisal.
In order to choose correctly, one must be both realistic and self-aware. Furthermore, once having made a decision, one should seriously accept and pursue the path one has chosen, and strive towards the realization of one’s goal with spirit.
【参考译文】
这张图片表达了每名毕业生都必须面对的现实：找工作、深造、创业还是出国。不论他们做出怎样的选择，都会影响终生，对于二十多岁的人来说确实很艰难。
毫无例外，每个人都要不断地做出困难的选择，特别是在人生的十字路口。虽然有的选择很容易，但人们也不能避免做艰难的决定。有充分的证据说明选择与人的幸福程度有关。然而，大学生在毕业之际却面临着艰难并重要的抉择。很多学生在深造和开始工作之间举棋不定。众所周知，每个人都是不同的，所以必须考虑个人生活中的各种因素。除了了解自我个性之外，做出正确的选择还需要依赖正确的自我评价。
想要做出正确的选择，一个人必须要既立足现实，又要明确目标。此外，一旦做出选择，就必须认真对待并追逐选择的道路，用心去实现自己的目标。
解析：
【题目分析】
本次作文为一篇图画作文，首先要读懂图片内容：该图生动地交代了大学毕业生离开校园之际面临的选择——求职、考研、出国或创业。选择不同的道路，今后面临的人生也不同，因此文章可以从不同的角度出发，论述选择的各种影响因素以及对人生的意义。
【文章大纲】
第一段：描述图片内容——毕业生面临着各种影响未来前途的选择，而这些选择可能会很难做出。
第二段：给出自己的论点——影响选择的因素，然后阐述如何做出选择。
第三段：总结观点——选择对未来有着积极作用。
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