一、单选题
根据下面资料，回答1-20题
Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling.
3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.
You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.
12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.
Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try, to be the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
1、第（1）题选
A、tedious
B、pleasant
C、instructive
D、tricky
解析：
根据文章第一段的主题句和空格句的内容，定义好的父母身份是一个难题，因为不同的孩子对同样的养育方式会有不同的反应。选项A、B、C的形容词与语境不符，而D选项中的tricky表示棘手的、困难的，符合句意。因此，正确答案为D。
根据下面资料，回答21-25题
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial一for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side
Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.
Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. “We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles.
2、Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_______.
A、pick up social signals from non-living rats
B、distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
C、attain sociable traits through special training
D、send out warning messages to their fellow
解析：
根据题干中的关键词Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test，可以定位到文章第一段提到奎因和她的同事进行的实验。实验的目的是为了查明老鼠是否能从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号，即是否能识别非生物发出的社会信号。因此，正确答案是A，即老鼠能够从没有生命的老鼠身上获取社会信号。选项B、C和D在文章中均未提及，故排除。
根据下面资料，回答26-30题
It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.
Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to "run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.
The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.
Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
3、Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
A、The growth in the number of corporations
B、The general pay rise with a better economy
C、Increased business opportunities for top firms
D、Close cooperation among leading economics
解析：
根据题干描述，CEO薪酬的增加与“顶级公司的商业机会快速增长”有关。第二段第一句明确指出，了解CEO薪酬增长的最佳模式是在一个CEO人才有限但顶级公司商业机会快速增长的世界里。因此，增加的商业机会是导致CEO薪酬增加的一个重要因素。其他选项如公司数量的增长、整体经济的改善以及主要经济体之间的密切合作并未在文中提及或作为CEO薪酬增加的原因。因此，正确答案是C。
根据下面资料，回答31-35题
Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.
Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一 rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits — fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.
But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments 一 Britain s and others across Europe — have failed to do so.
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, school streets", even individual roads — are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.
4、Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?
A、Its effects are questionable.
B、It has been opposed by a judge.
C、It needs tougher enforcement.
D、Its fate is yet to be decided.
解析：
关于马德里的清洁空气区，根据文章内容可知，虽然马德里的清洁空气区在推出时受到广泛赞誉，但现在其未来变得不确定，因为市长反对该区域，法律斗争还在进行中。因此，马德里的清洁空气区的命运尚未决定，选项D正确。选项A、B、C都与文章内容不符。
根据下面资料，回答36-40题
Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.
If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.
5、Generation Zs graduating college this spring_______.
A、are recognized for their abilities
B、are in favor of office job offers
C、are optimistic about the labor market
D、are drawing growing public attention
解析：
文章第一段提到，随着Z一代的毕业生在春季毕业，近几周对他们的关注度在稳步上升。因此，正确答案是D，即Z一代的毕业生正在吸引越来越多的公众关注。
根据下面资料，回答41-45题
Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office
Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people,much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day, and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.
41._________
If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were upfront about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or studiously stash them, you should
just be honest.
42._________
Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.
43._________
It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.
44._________
Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others.
But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.
45._________
This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results.Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.
A．Give compliments, just not too many.
B．Put on a good face, always.
C．Tailor your interactions.
D．Spend time with everyone.
E．Reveal, don't hide, information.
F．Slow down and listen.
G．Put yourselves in others' shoes.
6、第（41）题选
A、Give compliments, just not too many.
B、Put on a good face, always.
C、Tailor your interactions.
D、Spend time with everyone.
E、Reveal, don't hide, information.
F、Slow down and listen.
G、Put yourselves in others' shoes.
解析：
根据题目中的描述和给出的选项，第41题是关于如何处理工作中的冲突和矛盾。题目提到，如果你在工作中与某人存在分歧，不要保持沉默不语，因为这并不能解决问题。相反，应该坦诚地表达自己的想法和感受。因此，正确答案是E，即“揭示信息，不要隐藏”。这个答案与段落中的描述相符，强调了坦诚和真实的重要性，以及在处理工作中的问题时展示真实自我对于建立信任和解决问题的重要性。
二、简答题
7、请将下列材料翻译成中文：
It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.
We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world, " Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.
Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.
解析：
该段文字主要讲述了失败的意义。人们都会经历失败，但如何看待失败取决于个人的态度。失败可以是一次学习经历，也可以帮助我们成长并避免再犯同样的错误。此外，失败还能让我们更好地认识自己，发现自身的潜力，找到真正的朋友和成功的动力。
8、Directions:
Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an
email to
(1) tell them about the site, and
(2) give them some tips for the tour.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
解析：
这篇邮件的目的是告诉国际学生们即将进行的长城之旅的相关信息和给他们一些旅行建议。邮件首先介绍了长城这个历史遗址，强调了它的历史和文化价值。然后，提醒学生们注意时间和休息，因为长城的规模和壮丽可能会让他们在一天内无法游览完全。还建议他们带上水和零食，穿着舒适的衣服和鞋子进行户外活动。最后，表达了对他们享受这次旅行的希望，并鼓励他们如果有任何问题或疑虑，随时回复。
9、Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
(1) interpret the chart, and
(2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
解析：
本文是一篇基于图表的作文。在文章中，作者首先解读了图表数据，指出某大学大学生使用手机阅读的巨大差异，并特别强调了以学习知识为目的的阅读占据很大比例。然后，作者给出了自己的评论，分析了这一现象出现的原因，包括手机技术的进步和学生意识的转变。最后，作者总结了这一现象将继续存在的观点。文章逻辑清晰，符合题目要求。
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