一、单选题
根据下面资料，回答1-20题
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .
As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.
I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
1、第（1）题选
A、Therefore
B、Otherwise
C、However
D、Besides
解析：
：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：然而，如果太频繁，这种习惯的坏处要比好处多。前文wonderful way（好方法）与后文hurt（损害）形成转折关系，故填入however（然而）。因此，正确答案为C。
{ Page }根据下面资料，回答21-25题
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry"; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends--and
their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable--it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated.
"There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve, "says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary--feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions afler moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation. "That's good news," Malti says, "We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."
2、Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_______.
A、foster a child's moral development
B、regulate a child's basic emotions
C、improve a child's intellectual ability
D、intensify a child's positive feelings
解析：
根据文章内容，研究人员认为内疚感有助于促进孩子的道德发展。这是因为孩子们学习说“对不起”这样的语句可以安抚父母和朋友，也能让他们自己的内心得到安慰。这种内疚感可以促使孩子们更深入地思考自己的行为是否道德，从而有助于他们建立正确的道德观念和行为习惯。因此，内疚感是一件好事，因为它可以培养孩子的道德发展。选项A中的“foster a child’s moral development”与文章中的描述相符，是正确答案。而选项B、C、D在文章中都没有具体提及，因此不是正确答案。
根据下面资料，回答26-30题
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.
Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilities to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap--but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030--financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
3、By saying "one of the harder challenges", the author implies that_______.
A、global climate change may get out of control
B、people may misunderstand global warming
C、extreme weather conditions may arise
D、forests may become a potential threat
解析：
：根据题干中的关键信息“one of the harder challenges”，我们可以定位到文章第一段。文章提到森林在应对气候变化方面起着重要作用，但同时也面临着挑战。作者提到人类正在威胁森林吸收二氧化碳的能力，并暗示气候变化可能会导致森林排放更多的碳而不是吸收，这意味着森林可能会成为一个潜在的威胁。因此，答案是D，即森林可能会成为一个潜在的威胁。
根据下面资料，回答31-35题
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multiyear decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They're also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.
Mechanization is not the answer, either--not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they're automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016, the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
Petitioning each year for laborers————and hoping the government provides enough, and that they arrive on time——is no way to run a business. In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. Without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to move south.
According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. From 1998 to 2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
4、What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A、Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
B、Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C、Flaws in the U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
D、Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.
解析：
：根据文章前两段的内容，问题主要出在美国的移民规则上，这些规则对于农场工人的移民存在缺陷，导致农场劳动力短缺的问题。因此，选项C“美国移民规则对农场工人的缺陷”是正确答案。文章中没有提到对外国工人的歧视、有利于某些美国企业的偏见法律或农业就业机会的下降等问题，所以选项A、B和D都不是正确答案。
根据下面资料，回答36-40题
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—— encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single——use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very. little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions———a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority——or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022. " There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing wide-spread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action ( and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
5、Some celebrities star in a new video to_______.
A、demand new laws on the use of plastics
B、urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C、invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D、disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
解析：
根据题干中的描述，一些明星在新视频中亮相，而根据原文第一段的描述，他们的目的是鼓励消费者替换一次性使用的塑料主用品，如吸管和餐具，以应对塑料危机。因此，答案是B，即明星在新视频中亮相是为了敦促消费者减少塑料的使用。
根据下面资料，回答41-45题
How Seriously Should Parents Take Kid's Opinions When Searching From a Home
In choosing a new home, Camille MeClain's kids have a single demand: a backyard.
MeClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters' views weigh heavily on parents' real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids' opinions may have.
"The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process", said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
"Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system, " he said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home--but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.
"Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home--without actually getting a choice in the matter, " said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.
"Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process, " Bailey said.
"Many of the aspects of homebuving aren't a consideration for children, " said Tracey Hampson,
a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
"Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions. " Hampson said.
"The other issue is that many children--especially older ones--may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, " said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside , Calif.
"They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us, " he said. "'HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences. "
"Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally," Norris said.
"Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, " said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness. com.
"Their opinions can change tomorrow, " Gurner said. "Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
41. Ryan Hooper
42. Adam Bailey
43. Tracey Hampson
44. Aaron Norris
45. Julie Gumer
A．remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.
B．says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.
C．advises that home purchases should not be based only on children's opinions.
D．thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.
E．notes that aspects like children's friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.
F．believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children's needs rather than their opinions.
G．assumes that many children's views on real estate are influenced by the media.
6、Ryan Hooper
A、remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.
B、says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.
C、advises that home purchases should not be based only on children's opinions.
D、thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.
E、notes that aspects like children's friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.
F、believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children's needs rather than their opinions.
G、assumes that many children's views on real estate are influenced by the media.
解析：
：题干询问Ryan Hooper的观点，根据原文第四段和第五段的描述，Ryan Hooper认为让孩子们参与重大决策是个好主意，因为这能让他们有掌控感和归属感。但同时他也提到孩子们可能会面临处理重大变动的困难，特别是如果这让他们离开了当前的学校或支持体系。因此，他的观点是重大变动可能会给孩子带来挑战。选项A中的“remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children”与原文描述相符，是正确答案。
二、简答题
7、请将下列材料翻译成中文：
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, "I could write a book. I just haven't the time. " Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, "having a go at the writing game".
While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
解析：
该段英文主要介绍了英国作家吉米·哈利的写作经历及成就。首先提到人们很容易低估他的写作能力，因为他的文笔风格愉悦且通俗易懂。接着讲述虽然很多人认为自己也能写作，但实际上写作并不容易。然后提到吉米·哈利在刚开始写作时经历的困难和挫折，但他通过多年的练习和努力，最终呈现出了优秀的作品。最后强调他在文学领域的成功也是通过艰苦努力获得的。翻译时需要注意语言的流畅性和准确性，准确传达原文的意思。
8、Directions:
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write an email to him.
(1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
(2) tell him your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.
Do not write your address.
解析：
答案中的邮件首先感谢教授给予策划辩论的机会，然后提出了一个具体的主题“基础设施是否是交通拥堵的主要原因？”。接着解释了选择这个主题的原因，即很多人认为基础设施的不完善或规划不当是近年来交通拥堵的主要原因。然后，说明了辩论的安排，包括辩论的时间和地点，以及鼓励全校学生参加。最后，再次感谢教授并期待回复。这封邮件符合题目的要求，得分为满分。
9、Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should
(1) interpret the chart, and
(2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 15 points)
解析：
{
此题目要求基于给定的图表写一篇文章，文章需要包括两个部分：一是解读图表，二是给出评论。
在解读图表时，需要关注图表中展示的数据变化，即大学毕业生在就业、继续深造和创业三种选择上的比例变化。从2013年到2018年，寻找工作的比例下降，而深造的比例增加，创业的比例变化不明显。
在给出评论时，需要结合现象背后的可能原因进行分析。一方面，教育受到越来越多的重视，使得继续深造成为越来越受欢迎的选项；另一方面，就业竞争的激烈也使得大学生意识到提高学历和实用技能的重要性。因此，这种趋势是可以接受的，研究生阶段应该注重拓宽视野和提高实用技能。}
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