在英语四级的备考过程中，翻译部分是一个重要的环节。对于英语长句的翻译，很多考生会觉得困难重重，其中关键的一点就是语序的重组。按照汉语的时间或逻辑顺序来调整英语复杂句式是一种非常有效的汉化技巧。
一、英语长句的特点及翻译难点
英语长句往往结构复杂，包含多个从句、修饰成分等。例如：“The fact that he passed the exam, which was extremely difficult, made his parents very proud.”这个句子中，“that he passed the exam”是同位语从句解释“the fact”，“which was extremely difficult”是非限定性定语从句修饰“the exam”。在翻译时，如果按照英语原句的语序直接翻译，会使译文很拗口。
二、按时间顺序调整语序
当英语句子中存在明显的时间先后关系时，我们需要按照汉语的表达习惯调整语序。比如：“When I was a child, I often went to the park where I could play with my friends.”按照时间顺序，应该先翻译“当我还是个孩子的时候”，然后是“我经常去公园”，最后是“在那里我能和朋友玩耍”。
三、按逻辑顺序调整语序
有些句子是按照事物的逻辑关系构建的。例如：“Although he was tired, he still kept working because he had a lot of tasks to finish.”这里存在让步关系和因果关系。在翻译时，要先表达出“他虽然累了”这个让步的情况，接着说明“仍然继续工作”的结果，最后解释“因为有好多任务要完成”的原因。
四、10例长句翻译重组过程示例
- “The book, which was written by a famous author, that I bought yesterday has inspired me a great deal.”
- 按照逻辑顺序，先翻译“我昨天买的那本书”，然后“这本书是由一位著名作家写的”，最后“给了我很大的启发”。
- “After he had finished his homework, he went to bed, but he couldn’t fall asleep because his mind was full of the questions in the exam.”
- 先“在他完成作业之后”，接着“他去睡觉了”，然后转折“但是他睡不着”，最后解释原因“因为他脑海里满是考试中的问题”。
- “The city where I live is a beautiful place which attracts many tourists every year.”
- 先“我居住的城市”，然后“是一个美丽的地方”，最后“每年吸引很多游客”。
- “Since I started to learn English, I have made great progress, especially in speaking and writing.”
- 先“自从我开始学习英语以来”，接着“我已经取得了很大的进步”，最后强调“尤其是在口语和写作方面”。
- “The company that employed him offered him a high salary, which made him very happy.”
- 先“雇佣他的那家公司”，然后“给他提供了高薪”，最后“这使他非常高兴”。
- “While he was reading the novel, he was so attracted by the plot that he didn’t notice the time.”
- 先“当他读小说的时候”，接着“他被情节吸引得很厉害”，最后“以至于他没有注意到时间”。
- “The man who helped me yesterday is my teacher, whose classes are very interesting.”
- 先“昨天帮助我的那个人”，然后“是我的老师”，最后补充“他的课非常有趣”。
- “If you study hard, you will pass the exam, which is very important for your future career.”
- 先“如果你努力学习”，接着“你就会通过考试”，最后说明“这对你未来的职业非常重要”。
- “The dog that chased the cat ran into the garden, where it hid itself.”
- 先“追猫的那只狗”，然后“跑进了花园”，最后“在那里它把自己藏起来了”。
- “Before she went to the party, she spent an hour dressing up, because she wanted to look beautiful.”
- 先“在她去参加聚会之前”，然后“她花了一个小时打扮”，最后解释“因为她想看起来漂亮”。
总之，在英语四级翻译中，对于长句的语序重组需要我们仔细分析句子的结构和内在逻辑关系，灵活运用按照时间或逻辑顺序调整语序的方法，这样才能准确地翻译出句子，提高我们的翻译水平，在四级考试中取得更好的成绩。
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