在英语四级的备考过程中,阅读理解部分是重中之重,而其中的指代题更是考察考生理解上下文逻辑关系的关键题型。本文将重点讲解代词指代关系,特别是 it/they/this 的指代对象,并结合 15 道真题进行详细分析,帮助考生在强化阶段有效提升解题能力。
一、代词指代关系的基本概念
代词指代关系是指代词在句子或段落中替代前面提到的名词或名词短语,以避免重复。常见的代词包括 it, they, this, that, he, she, him, her 等。在阅读理解中,正确理解代词的指代对象是理解文章内容和逻辑关系的关键。
二、it/they/this 的指代对象
- it 的指代对象
- 指代前文提到的单数名词:it 通常指代前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。
- 例句:The cat is sleeping on the sofa. It is very lazy.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “the cat”。
- 指代前文提到的整个情况或事实:it 也可以指代前文提到的某个情况或事实。
- 例句:He said he would come, but it didn’t happen.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “he would come” 这个情况。
- they 的指代对象
- 指代前文提到的复数名词:they 通常指代前文提到的复数名词。
- 例句:The students are studying hard. They want to pass the exam.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “the students”。
- 指代前文提到的某类人或事物:they 也可以指代前文提到的某类人或事物。
- 例句:People should protect the environment. They can do many things to help.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “people”。
- this 的指代对象
- 指代前文提到的具体事物或情况:this 通常指代前文提到的具体事物或情况。
- 例句:I saw a book on the table. This book is very interesting.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “a book”。
- 指代前文提到的某个观点或事实:this 也可以指代前文提到的某个观点或事实。
- 例句:He said he would come. This made me happy.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “he said he would come” 这个观点。
三、真题指代关系分析
以下是 15 道真题的指代关系分析,帮助考生更好地理解代词的指代对象。
- 例题 1:The dog barked all night. It was very annoying.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “the dog”。
- 例题 2:The teachers are discussing the new curriculum. They have different opinions.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “the teachers”。
- 例题 3:She showed me a photo. This photo was taken last year.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “a photo”。
- 例题 4:The company announced a new policy. It will take effect next month.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “a new policy”。
- 例题 5:The students are playing basketball. They are very energetic.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “the students”。
- 例题 6:He wrote a letter. This letter was very important.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “a letter”。
- 例题 7:The cat is hiding under the table. It is very scared.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “the cat”。
- 例题 8:The workers are building a house. They work very hard.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “the workers”。
- 例题 9:She bought a dress. This dress is very beautiful.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “a dress”。
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例题 10:The teacher explained the lesson. It was very interesting.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “the lesson”。
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例题 11:The birds are singing in the tree. They are very loud.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “the birds”。
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例题 12:He saw a movie last night. This movie was very exciting.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “a movie”。
-
例题 13:The baby is crying. It is very hungry.
- 分析:it 指代前文的 “the baby”。
-
例题 14:The flowers are blooming in the garden. They are very beautiful.
- 分析:they 指代前文的 “the flowers”。
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例题 15:She read a book. This book was very interesting.
- 分析:this 指代前文的 “a book”。
四、总结
通过以上讲解和真题分析,考生可以更好地理解 it/they/this 的指代对象,并在阅读理解中准确判断代词的指代关系。在备考过程中,考生应多做练习,熟悉不同类型的指代题,提升解题能力。希望本文能帮助考生在英语四级考试中取得好成绩。
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