Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests, there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever. A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour. A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.

        In today’s classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle, or whispering answers to their classmates. Today’s students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions as unethical.

        The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.

        Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes.

解析：D。根据题干中的teachers和in the classroom可定位至原文最后一段第二句。该句提到，教师必须保持警惕，关注学生们上课时都在做些什么，以及技术何以在学习过程中起到了负面作用。由此可知，教师需要警惕学生是否会因为使用技术而影响了学习，指的就是D项中的misuse（误用），D项是对此内容的概括总结，其中的Guard against对应定位句中的stay on guard，故为正确答案。

错项排除：A项干扰性较强，而原文中说的是教师应警惕学生不要因为使用技术而影响学习，因此需要警惕的是使用方式不当，而不是过度使用，故排除A项。B项利用原文中的develop anti-cheating policies进行干扰，但这是针对学校做出的建议，故排除。C项利用原文中的unethical behaviours进行干扰，但原文这里说的是家长需要注意的内容，故排除C项。