The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.

        While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically (内在地) motivated.

        Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.

        Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.

        Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.

        But curiosity often comes with a cost.

        In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.

        Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.

解析：A。根据题干中的the Inuit people of the Arctic regions可定位至原文最后一段。该段指出，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。接着举北极地区的因纽特人的例子来说明，他们中数万人曾经试图在这些极具挑战性的环境中生存，但都失败了。由此可知，作者用因纽特人举例是为了说明好奇心有时需要付出的代价。A项与此内容相符，其中的curiosity to explore对应最后一段第一句中的testing out a new idea，cost对应该句中的disaster，故A项为正确答案。

错项排除：B项利用最后一段第二句的incredible进行干扰，但文中说的是因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候中的挑战，并不是难以置信的寒冷天气，故B项排除。C项利用第一句中的idea进行干扰，但原文是说测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难，并不是新想法源于好奇心，故C项排除。D项的learning from past failures在原文中无依据，故排除。