The terms “global warming” and “climate change” are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?

        Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.

        In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term “climate change” in an article published by Science. In 1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term “global warming” to define increases in the Earth’s average surface temperature, while “climate change” more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase, such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification (酸化).

        During the following decades, some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet’s climate.

        Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example, the language and polls expert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of “climate change” because the phrase sounded less scary than “global warming”, reported the Guardian.

        However, Luntzi’s recommendation wasn’t necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently, and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.

        NASA used the term “climate change” because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

        The debate isn’t new. A century ago, chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet’s climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that human weren’t producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.

解析：C。根据题干中的National Academy of Sciences report可定位至第三段第二句。该句表示，1979年，国家科学院的一份报告将“全球变暖”这个术语用于定义地球表面平均温度的上升，而“气候变化”则更广泛地指代这一指标上升所导致的诸多影响，如海平面上升和海洋酸化。由此可知，两者的区别在于“气候变化”这一术语所指更广泛，C项符合题意。

错项排除：根据国家科学院报告中对两个术语的定义可知，两者都有明确的指代，不存在表述模糊的问题，A项错误。原文中并未就两个术语的科学性和现实性进行比较，故排除B、D两项。