Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

Conversation One

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M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

W: (8) [Well, I’ve gone back to cash.] I’m only using payment apps if that’s the only option. (8) [I am trying to save money for a new phone], and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.

M: But how? Money is money, isn’t it? I don’t think it matters whether you take it out of the bank and put it in your wallet, or simply transfer from your bank account to the sellers’ bank account using an app.

W: No, I believe it does matter. It’s a psychological phenomenon. (9) [I believe we have less connection with the value of our money when we just have the “approve” buttons on our phones.]

M: You might have a point. Since I stopped carrying cash around and started using my phone apps to pay, (10) [I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.]

W: That’s highly possible. Think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands and all the things we do with our phones. It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.

M: So cashless payment affects our ability to budget?

W: I believe so. If we spend a hundred yuan in cash, we realize that we don’t have that hundred yuan to spend on something else. But if we’re spending electronically, we are less likely to make that mental calculation.

M: (11) [I stopped using my credit card because I found I was spending excessively.] Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.

W: It’s worth considering.

11. What does the man think of electronic payment?

解析：A。根据选项中的lead to、altering、improve、shopping等词，推测题目可能与某事对购物的影响有关。录音末尾处男士说到：“之前我因为发现自己花钱太快，就不再用信用卡支付了。”由此可知，男士认为自己之前花钱太快，也就是消费过度。A项中的excessive spending是对录音中spending excessively的同义替换，故正确答案为A。

错项排除：B项利用way of shopping作干扰，因为录音结尾出现了与之相似的approach of paying，但录音说的是男士要重新看待手机支付，而不是在强调电子支付改变了人们的购物方式，故B项错误。C、D两项中的shopping efficiency和younger people在录音中均未提及，故排除。