As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can perk them right up again. During (26)_____exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_____ called “central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements (28)_____. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29)_____in the exercise itself—such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteers a carbohydrate (30)_____either with a moderate dose of caffeine—which is known to stimulate the central nervous system—or as a placebo without, during 3 hours of (31)_____. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_____their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_____their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine—the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee—was (34)_____to counteract this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_____eye movement speeds, the team reports today in Scientific Reports. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
刷题刷出新高度,偷偷领先!偷偷领先!偷偷领先! 关注我们,悄悄成为最优秀的自己!
(6)
答案:
解析:
名词:control 控制;cycling 骑自行车;phenomenon 现象;solution 解决;溶液
动词:commit 犯罪,做错事;control 控制;increased(-ed) 增加;involved(-ed) 参与;limited(-ed) 限制;preventing(-ing) 阻止;slowing(-ing) 使缓慢
形容词:increased 增加的;involved 受牵扯的;limited 有限的;sensitive 敏感的;sufficient 充足的;vigorous 充满活力的
副词:cautiously 小心地,谨慎地;effectively 有效地
26. vigorous解析:形容词辨析题。空格前是介词during,空格后是名词exercise,空格处应填入形容词修饰exercise。备选项有increased(增加的),involved(受牵扯的),limited(有限的),sensitive(敏感的),sufficient(充足的),vigorous(充满活力的)。根据文意“锻炼可以消耗身体中肌肉的能量”,由此得知本句的意思为“经过大量锻炼后”,因此此处应填入vigorous,表示“剧烈的运动”。
27. phenomenon解析:名词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词a,因此空格处应填入可数名词单数。备选项有control(控制),cycling(骑自行车),phenomenon(现象),solution(解决、溶液)。后面的called “central fatigue”作后置定语修饰限定前面的名词,根据文意“肌肉的表现也会被一种称之为‘中枢疲劳’的_____所影响”,推测此处应填入phenomenon一词。
28. effectively解析:副词辨析题。空格位于句子末尾,句子主谓宾完整,故应填入副词。备选项有cautiously(小心地、谨慎地),effectively(有效地)。根据文意“人体内化学信使水平的失调会使中枢神经系统无法______指导肌肉运动”,推测此处应填入的副词为effectively,表示“有效地”。
29. involved解析:动词辨析题。空格前为名词motor system(运动系统),且空格处有副词directly的修饰,由此确定该处单词的词性应为动词,但由于本句已有谓语动词affect,因此此处应填入非谓语同时可以与in搭配,因此应填入involved(参与),即“不直接参与锻炼的运动系统——例如控制眼部运动的系统”。
30. solution解析:名词辨析题。空前有不定冠词a,由此判断此处应为可数名词单数。备选项有control(控制),cycling(骑自行车),solution(解决方法、溶液)。根据文意“either with a moderate dose(适度剂量) of caffeine”,可以得知此处应该是研究人员给11位志愿者一种溶液。因此,本题应选solution。
31. cycling解析:名词辨析题。空格前是介词of,空格处应填入名词。备选项有control(控制),cycling(骑自行车)。根据文意,下文提到科学家测试骑自行车的人(cyclist),由此可知前面这些人所做的运动应为骑自行车,因此本题选择cycling。
32. control解析:动词辨析题。空格前是could,空格处应填入动词原形。备选项有commit(犯罪、做错事),control(控制)。根据文意,此句可理解为“大脑如何控制视觉系统”,因此此处选择control。
33. preventing解析:动词辨析题。根据语法结构可得出本题所在部分为句子的状语成分,因此需要填入非谓语动词,备选项有preventing(阻止),slowing(使缓慢)。根据文意,锻炼使快速眼动速度降低8%左右,阻止他们捕捉新的视觉信息的能力,因此此处选择preventing。
34. sufficient解析:形容词辨析题。本题考查固定搭配be…to。根据文意,上文提到咖啡因可以使眼睛快速恢复,因此此句可以理解为“咖啡因足够消除这种影响,一些骑自行车的志愿者的眼动速度甚至加快了”。因此,应选择sufficient,表示“充足的”。
35. increased解析:动词辨析题。空格前是动名词dispalying,空格后是名词词组,空格处应填入动词作谓语。根据上题的分析,本题应选择increased(增加)。
本文链接: (6)
版权声明:本站点所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明文章出处。让学习像火箭一样快速,微信扫码,获取考试解析、体验刷题服务,开启你的学习加速器!



