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单选题

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a (26) _____ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27)_____ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers (28)_____they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest  (29)_____evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30)_____ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31)_____ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, (32)_____ lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn’t become a (33)_____food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have (34)_____in the region not as food, but as (35)_____ material for beer brewing.

(2)

A
exclusively
B
remains
C
staple
D
inform
E
test
F
reached
G
suggest
H
surprising
I
resources
J
including
K
direct
L
arrived
M
relatively
N
consuming
O
raw
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答案:

H

解析:

名词:remains残骸,剩余物;resources(-s)资源; staple主要产品; test 测验,考验

动词: arrived(-ed)到达,到来; consuming(-ing)消费; direct 指导,导演;including(-ing)包括,包含; inform  通知;reached(-ed)到达;remains(-s) 保留,保持;suggest 建议,表明; test 测试,检测

形容词:direct直接的;raw生的,未加工的;staple 最基本的,最重要的; surprising 令人惊讶的

副词:exclusively 唯一地,专门地;relatively 相对地,比较地

26. relatively 解析:副词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词a,空格后是形容词recent修饰的名词addition,空格处缺少一个副词以修饰形容词recent。备选项有 exclusively(唯一地、专门地), relatively(相对地、比较地)。exclusively是“排除一切、专一地”,很明显用在这里不合适,因此应填入relatively,表示“相对较新的”。

27. surprising解析:形容词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词a,空格后是名词ingredient,空格处应填入形容词,来修饰ingredient。备选项有 direct(直接的), raw(生的、未加工的), staple(最基本的、最重要的), surprising(令人惊讶的)。此时,应注意空格位于now开头的句子中,有一种转折的意味,故应填入 surprising。

28. suggest解析:动词辨析题。空格前是“A of B”结构,主语是the shapes,空格后是一个被动句作主句的宾语成分,空格处应填入一个及物动词作谓语,同时根据主语是shapes,可填入的备选项有 direct(指导、导演),inform(通知), reached(到达), suggest(建议、表明), test(测试、检测)。最后根据句意,前面说的是容器的不同形状,后面是说它们被用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒,因此应填入suggest,表示形状的不同表明了它们的功能不同。

29. direct 解析:形容词辨析题。空格前是最高级the earliest,空格后是名词evidence,空格处应填入一个形容词与the earliest一起并列修饰evidence。备选项有 direct(直接的), raw(生的、未加工的), staple(最基本的、最重要的)。修饰evidence,应填入direct,表示“最早的直观的证据”。

30. test

解析:动词辨析题。空格前是to,空格后是that theory,因此应填入动词原形,与to一起构成不定式作目的状语。备选项有 inform(通知), test(测试、检测)。根据下文中出现的examined,可知此处应填入 test,表示为了验证这个理论。

31.remains解析:名词辨析题。空格前是形容词dried,空格后是介词短语inside the vessels,空格处应填入名词,备选项有 remains(残骸、剩余物), resources(资源), staple(主要产品)。根据语义,此处表达去检测仪器当中残留的东西。因此应填入 remains。

32. including解析:动词辨析题。空格前是bits of roots,空格后是lily,这里应填入一个动词,而句子原本已经存在were作句子谓语动词,那么此时应填入一个非谓语动词。备选项有 consuming(消费), including(包括、包含)。根据语义,此处应理解为植物的根包括百合花的,因此应填入 including。

33.staple解析:形容词辨析题。空格前是冠词a,空格后是名词food,此时应填入形容词修饰food。备选项有 raw(生的、未加工的), staple(最基本的、最重要的)。根据语义,应填入staple,表示主食。

34. arrived解析:动词辨析题,考查固定搭配。空格前是barley may have,空格后是介词in,优先考虑填入动词的过去分词,并且同时可以跟介词in搭配,参考动词备选项,应填入 arrived(到达、到来)。

35. raw解析:形容词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词a,空格后是名词material,空格处应填入一个形容词修饰material,同时该空位于but之后的转折句中,跟前文形成对比,前文提到了food,那么该空修饰材料应该与food形成对比,因此填入raw,表示“未加工的材料”。

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