Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.

Passage Two

听力原文

        A study has found that educational TV shows come with an added lesson that influences a child’s behavior. (12) [Children spending more time watching educational programs increase their emotional aggression toward other children.] This shows that children can learn the educational lesson that was intended. However, they’re also learning other things along the way.

        This unintended impact has to do with the portrayal of conflict in media and how preschool-age children comprehend that conflict. TV and movie producers often incorporate an element of bad behavior. This is to teach children a lesson at the end of the program.

        Educational shows have pro-education and pro-social goals. However, conflict between characters is often depicted with characters being unkind to each other, or they may use emotionally aggressive tactics with each other. (13) [Preschool children really don’t get the moral of the story. That’s because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together. You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that. These are still developing in young children.]

         However, parents shouldn’t completely constrain children’s viewing. (14) [Parents should, instead, watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot.] (15) [Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message at the end.] They should explain how certain types of behavior were not appropriate. This will help children interpret and get the message and help them learn to watch the show for those messages.

13. Why can’t preschool children get the moral conveyed in the TV programs?（为什么学龄前儿童理解不了电视节目中传达出的寓意？）

解析：D。录音中提到，学龄前儿童无法真的明白故事的寓意，是因为这需要他们了解节目的各个部分是如何结合在一起的，而要做到这一点，需要相当复杂的认知技能和记忆技能（cognitive skills and memory skills），但这些（技能）在幼儿中仍处于发展状态，也就是说幼儿缺乏认知和记忆技能。D项中的cognitive and memory skills原词复现，符合题意，故为正确答案。

错项排除：A项利用录音中的emotionally进行干扰，但prepared在录音中无依据，故排除。B项的more attracted by images在录音中无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的conflicts和show进行干扰，但录音中是说角色之间的冲突通常被描述为角色之间对彼此不友好，这并非儿童理解不了电视节目寓意的原因，故C项排除。