Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.

Passage Two

听力原文

        A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie. (12) [We may develop that theory from observations of those people we know well and see regularly.] But we tend to generalize what we gather from that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory. So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes, or the opposite, they simply stare at you. Or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies. (12) [Whatever the particular theory, it’s usually based on close observation of people we know.]

        And we get lots of practice. On average, we’re lied to some 200 times per day. (13) [These are mostly harmless lies,] but lies nonetheless.

        But there’s a problem with our theories, even though they’re based on all this observation. (14) [The average person—you and me—tested rigorously on how well we detect lies fails to do better than chance.] That’s well established over many studies, and lots of attempts by researchers to work out reliable ways to detect lies. It’s even relatively easy to fool lie detectors, the gold standard of lie detection, by training yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression.

        Is there any way to get better at detecting lies? The new research offers some surprising advice. (15) [Stop looking and listen instead.] It turns out that if we’re unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.

12. According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?（根据短文，大多数人怎么辨别谎言？）

解析：C。录音开头提到，我们大多数人都有自己的一套理论来判断别人是否在说谎，接着说到这套理论可能是从观察（observations）那些我们熟悉和经常见到的人中得出来的，后面又进一步指出，无论具体的理论是什么，它通常都是基于对我们认识之人的密切观察（close observation）。C项与此相符，故为正确答案。

错项排除：A项利用录音中的theory进行干扰，但录音中是说我们每个人都有自己的一套理论来辨别人们是否在说谎，而这一套理论是通过观察得来的，也就是说人们通过观察来辨别谎言，并不是说通过形成理论来辨别谎言，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的generalize进行干扰，但录音中是说人们通过归纳来形成理论，而不是通过归纳来辨别谎言，故B项排除。D项在录音中无依据，故排除。