Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.

Recording Two

听力原文

        Talk to anyone who is a generation of too older, and they would most likely comment that children are more spoiled these days. No one wants to have, or be around, demanding, selfish and spoiled children, those who get bad-tempered or silently brewed when they’re not given everything they want immediately.

        Paradoxically, the parents of such children encourage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving their children everything they can, their children will be happy. In the short term, perhaps they are right. But in the longer term, (19) [such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who tried so hard to please them.] Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable rather than spoiled and miserable.

       (20) [One factor hindering this is that parents can’t or don’t spend enough quality time with their kids,] and substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets, and the like. Rather than getting material things, children need parents’ devoted attention. The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time. Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things they’d like to have. This teaches them to value their effort as well as what it achieves.

        Allow them to enjoy anticipation. Numerous psychological studies have demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life. One famous experiment in the 1960s involved 3- to 6-year-old children. They were given a choice between receiving a small reward, such as a cookie, immediately. Or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two. Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self-worth, and even tend to be healthier.

        (21) [If they failed, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result. This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment,] which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financially, and in personal relationships.

        And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view, as well as their own. This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others—qualities sure to take them a long way in life.

20. What may prevent parents from raising confident and capable children? （是什么阻碍了父母培养自信和有能力的孩子？）

解析：D。录音中提到，对此（this）造成阻碍（hindering）的一个因素是，父母不能或没有花足够的时间和孩子共度美好时光，其中this指的是前面提到的培养出自信、有能力、讨人喜欢的快乐孩子（raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable）。D项Failure对应录音中的can’t or don’t，sufficient是对录音中enough的同义替换，quality time原词复现，意为“（关爱子女，增进感情的）黄金时光、美好时光，天伦之乐”，故为正确答案。

错项排除：A项的due attention to their behaviour在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中提到父母用玩具、游戏、小玩意等来替代陪伴不足，B项与此相悖，故排除。录音中提到父母不应该立即满足他们的愿望，而应该（Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should）帮助他们制定一个计划来获得他们想要的东西，并没有说不愿意（Unwilling），故D项排除。