To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.

    There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

    Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

    Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

    While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

    In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.

    “Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body—[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

    Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

    “What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

答案精析：根据题干中的key和mastering the art of deep work可定位至第二段最后一句。第二段先是提到深度工作有很多技巧，并列举了不同方法，最后指出关键是要“确定你的专注时长，并保持住”（determine your length of focus time and stick to it），故答案为A。

错项排除：原文并没有提到“立即执行的任务”（immediate tasks），B选项属于无中生有，故排除。第二段第一句中提到要“制定一个日程”（developing a daily ritual），但不是深度工作的技巧的关键（key），所以C项错误。选项D是根据第二段第一句中出现的seizing moment of deep work设置的干扰项，但它的意思是“抓住能够深度工作的时刻”，并不是指“时刻工作”，故错误。