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    As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember (1)_____ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain (2)_____, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” (3)_____ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) (4)_____ impact on our professional, social, and personal (5)_____.

     Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It (6)_____ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental (7)_____ can significantly improve our basic cognitive (8)_____. Thinking is essentially a (9)_____ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to (10)_____ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. (11)_____, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate (12)_____ mental effort.

     Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step (13)_____ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental (14)_____.

     The Web-based program (15)_____ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps (16)_____ of your progress and provides detailed feedback (17)_____ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it (18)_____ modifies and enhances the games you play to (19)_____ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) (20)_____ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.

(8)

A
genre
B
functions
C
circumstances
D
criterion
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答案:

B

解析:

答案精析:名词辨析题。根据语意“大脑和我们的肌肉一样需要锻炼,而适当的脑力训练可以显著地提高我们基本的认知________。”此空应填入一个被cognitive(认知的)修饰的名词,前文说到大脑会退化,随后又提到大脑需要锻炼。由此可知,本空应填入functions更为贴切,表示“认知能力”,和前文提到的大脑锻炼相对应。

错项排除:A项genre“种类”, C项circumstances“情况;环境”和D项criterion“标准”均表示客观存在的事物,并不能通过训练来改善,故排除。

长难句分析:It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.

本句的主句为It turns out that…,表示“结果是……,证明是……”。It作形式主语,that后引导的主语从句是真正的主语。该主语从句由and连接的两个并列分句构成。第一个分句中in much the same way our muscles do作方式状语从句,其中do代指前面的needs exercise。第二个分句是简单句,主谓宾结构:...workouts can improve functions。

句意为:事实证明,大脑和肌肉一样都需要锻炼,适当的脑力训练可以显著地提高我们的基本认知能力。

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