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单选题

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It ( 1 ) in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then ( 2 ) starts to slowly decline as we age. But ( 3 ) aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the ( 4 ) of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the ( 5 ) that lifestyle factors might help prevent or ( 6 ) this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that ( 7 ) measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and ( 8 ) that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people ( 9 ) higher measures of abdominal fat ( 10 ) worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years ( 11 ) .
For women, the association may be ( 12 ) to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be ( 13 ) . It is hoped that future studies could ( 14 ) these differences and perhaps lead to different ( 15 ) for men and women.
( 16 ) there are steps you can ( 17 ) to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental ( 18 ) The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your ( 19 ) of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style ( 20 ) that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

(4)

A
detection
B
accumulation
C
consumption
D
separation
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答案:

B

解析:

[解题思路]空格句指出,研究发现“肌肉流失”及“腹部体脂 ”与“流体智力的衰退”相关。由句中并列关系可知"肌肉流失“与“腹部体脂——-—“同向,而肌肉(muscle)和脂肪(fat)对立,所以空格词应与loss(失去、流失)反向,表示“增加/累积"。另外,由首段已知,流体智力随年龄的增长而衰退,而由常识可知随年龄增长,往往会肌肉流失,腹部脂肪堆积。此外,下文多处信息均表明过多的腹部脂肪对流体智力不利(如higher... abdominal fat... worse... fluid intelligence)。综上兰条线索可确定B正确。 [错项排除]空格词所在短语的并列事物muscle loss以及与之相连的现象a decline in fluid intelligence均为生理变化,所以空格词也应表示某种生理变化才能合理,而[A] detection意为"(对已存在事物的)察 觉,探测“,为瞬间动作或待续状态,不涉及实质性变化,不合文意。[CJ consumption填人空格后,"脂肪消耗”与“肌肉流失”为反向变化,无法以and连接,且违背通常情形“腹部脂肪随年龄增长而增加“,可排除。 [DJ separation指“将一个整体分为几个部分“,与loss看似同向可并列,但muscle和body fat对立,因此 muscle loss和separation of body fat无法以and连接,且后文并未提及“腹部脂肪的分隔"。
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