Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Passage One

    (9) A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p.m. took in fewer calories and ate healthy food. In contrast, “night owls” who go to bed between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars, and processed meats than earlier risers. This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’t get as much rest. (10) And a 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley, found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period. As a group, “night owls” types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than earlier risers. The later one goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. It’s as yet a challenge to explain the cause-and –effect relationship between sleep and nutrition. There may be a third factor that impacts both of them, or the relationship could be reversed, that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. (11) Still, if later sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby reducing their chances of taking snacks before bedtime.

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11. What should “night owls” do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food?

解析：D。问题为：“夜猫子”应该如何减少不健康食物的摄入？录音最后提到，如果“夜猫子”想要减肥，那么就要早睡，这样才能减少睡前食物的摄入。D选项意为：早睡，故正确。