Question 1 to 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

Conversation One

M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.

W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. （1）New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.

M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.

W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, （2）the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.

M: （3）In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.

W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. （4）One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.

M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.

2. What did the European Parliament do to reduce food waste?

解析：B。本题目为细节题，问题为：欧洲国会为减少食物浪费做了什么？根据原文所在句Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste可知，就在今年早些时候，欧洲议会投票赞成通过立法，阻止食品巨头进行不公平的交易行为，防止过度生产造成浪费。B）It passed a law aiming to stop overproduction（它通过了一项遏制生产过剩的法律）与原文意义一致。