Question 1 to 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

Conversation One

M: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.

W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. （1）New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.

M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.

W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, （2）the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.

M: （3）In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.

W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. （4）One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.

M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.

3. What has the French government done recently?

解析：D。问题为：法国政府最近做了什么？根据原文所在句In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods 可知，在法国，政府禁止超市扔掉可食用的食品。D）It has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods（政府禁止超市扔掉可食用的食品），其中dump是“丢弃”的意思，是throw away的同义替换，故选D。