Who's really addicting you to Technology?

【A】 “Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the internet,” wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction

【B】There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.

【C】There’s something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it’s important to understand what we're dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.

【D】The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.

【E】Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipulation-making，products so good that people can't stop using them. After studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. Since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make. It's no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.

【F】However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check. According to Adam Marchick, CEO of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smart phone users ever bother to adjust their notification settings—meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.

【G】While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. This system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all. We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

【H】Your friends are also responsible. Think about this familiar scene. People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.

【I】Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝）-loudly. Everyone notices unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don't we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.

【J】The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone, other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.

【K】The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing ) these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny—the person holding the phone.

【L】I have a confession. even though I study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so I began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when I discovered an uncomfortable truth. I use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. When I faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. I could easily escape discomfort, temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, I finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination (拖延）.

【M】It's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates debated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things against our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds, if we weren't on our devices. We'd likely do similarly unproductive.

【N】Personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.

【O】These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that's responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.

42. The great majority of smart phone users don’t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.

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使用微信搜索喵呜刷题，轻松应对考试！

答案：

F

解析：

答案 ELIOB JFDLG

36. Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.

[E] Since these services rely on advertising revenue, the more frequently you use, the more money they make.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词the more profit, the more they are used，定位到原文E段，the more frequenty是对the more they are used的同义替换，the more profit是对the more money they make的同义替换。

37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.

[L] I use technology as an escape. When I’m doing something I’d rather not do, or when I’m someplace I’d rather not be, I use my phone to port myself elsewhere.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词escape，定位至原文L段，其中escape是原词重现，题目是对定位句的同义改写。

38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching.

[I] One has to wonder: why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors? Somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词normal but belching，定位到文中I段，题目意思是说，我们在吃饭时玩手机被认为是正常的，但吃饭时打嗝却不正常。原文意思是我们必须要思考为什么我们不能把同样的一套社会规范应用于在吃饭、开会、谈话时玩手机这一行为，因为我们已经默许了玩手机这一行为，当某些人玩手机时，我们认为这是正常现象。

39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.

[O] To put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词make proper use，how it is changing和how it is impacting us，从而定位到O段，题目意思是：为了正确使用科技，我们不仅应该认识到它是如何改变的，还应该意识到它是怎么影响我们的。increase our awareness与原文中的be conscious对应，how it is changing but also how it is impacting us和how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us对应。

40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of Internet distractions.

[B] Many of us, like Schwartz, struggle to stay focused on tasks that require more concentration than it takes to post a status update.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词hard to focus on our immediate tasks，定位至文中B段，hard to focus on our immediate tasks是struggle to stay focused on tasks的同义转述。

41. When one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.

[J] ...checking tech is contagious. Once one person looks at their phone, other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词start checking their phone, follow suit，定位至文中J段，contagious（感染性的），feel compelled to do the same“被迫做一样的事”对应follow suit“跟着做”。

42. The great majority of smart phone users don’t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.

[F] According to Adam Marchick, CEO of mobile marketing company Kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification settings—meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers’ every preset trigger.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词adjust their settings，定位至文中F段，文中这句话是说，只有不到15%的智能手机用户调整了通知设置，也就是剩下的85%没有更改，使用开发者设定的默认设置。great majority是对85%的概括，take the trouble to adjust是对bother to adjust的同义替换。

43. The Internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.

[D] The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词designed to distract our attention，它是对原文designed to be an interruption system的同义转述。

44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should.

[L] Though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, I finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination （拖延).

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词putting off doing what he should，然后回原文定位到L段最后一句，其中putting off是procrastination的同义替换。

45. White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employers.

[G] We check email at all hours of the day—we’re obsessed, but why? Because that’s what the boss wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, a slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

解析：首先在题目中锁定定位词white-collar works和check email，定位至文中G段，定位词原词出现，employers对应the boss，round the clock对应at all hours of the day。