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In efforts to increase fairness in science publishing, some journals are experimenting with the idea of "blinding" reviewers to the identity of the authors.Some researchers have long worried that manuscripts submitted for publication are judged not on the quality of the work but on the reputation of the author submitting it.Although authors are rarely told who is reviewing their work, reviewers generally are informed of whose papers they are evaluating.
But last week an article in Conservation Biology revealed that journal would be considering "double blind" peer review—in which neither the reviewer nor the reviewed knows the other's identity.Double-blind peer review is common in the humanities and social sciences, but very few scientific journals have adopted it.
Emily Darling, a marine conservation researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, points out that unconscious biases have been shown in many instances to lead to discrimination against women.In one study,otherwise identical CVs were ranked higher by tenure-track academics if they came with male names than if they came with female names."I'm really not pointing the finger", says Darling, "We all hold biases." Double-blind peer review has the potential to get more women and minorities into top-level jobs in science, where they are heavily underrepresented.As appointment to such roles often depends on a strong academic publication record, removing potential biases against women from scientific publishing could be a contribution, says Darling.
One criticism of double-blind reviewing is that in many cases reviewers will be able to guess who the authors are, owing to the high specialization that science research usually involves.But supporters say that although this is inevitable in some cases, in others the guesses will be wrong, and that the element of doubt increases fairness.
By December 2013 only around 15% of authors submitting to the Nature Geoscience had chosen double-blind review and around 22% in Nature Climate Change, although many readers had expressed support for it.The authors of the editorials reporting this figure suggested that the discrepancy may be down to the fact that many authors were not aware of the option at the start of the process or were concerned for example that editing the paper to remove all identifying information could delay their submission.
One problem with the experiment run by the two journals is that double-blind review is optional, so authors with big reputations can choose to still benefit from them.Conservation Biology is considering mandatory double-blind review.Heike Langenberg, chief editor of Nature Geoscience, says that both journals will probably continue offering double-blind review as an option, but "making it mandatory is not something that's on the horizon" and would require strong support from the community.
Which of the following is true concerning blind peer review?
A
B
C
D
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答案：
解析：
根据文中的描述，“盲审”是一种在科学出版中增加公平性的尝试，其中审查者通常知道他们所审查的作品的作者是谁，而作者通常不知道自己作品的审查者是谁。因此，选项C正确，即“审查者通常能识别出他们正在审查的是哪些作者的作品”。
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