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The Bank of England governor, Mark Carney, has challenged the dollar's position as the world's reserve currency, arguing that it could be replaced by a global digital alternative to end a savings glut that resulted in 10 years of low inflation and ultra-low interest rates.
Likening the move to the end of sterling's command of international money markets 100 years ago, Carney said the dollar had reached a level of dominance that meant it was a barrier to a sustainable recovery. He said a new digital currency backed by a large group of nations would unlock dollar funds that governments currently hoard as an insurance policy in uncertain times. Governments stockpile dollars to insure against swings in the US economy, which in recent times have intensified, leading to a significant rise in the cost of borrowing.
A digital currency "could dampen the domineering influence of the US dollar on global trade", Carney said in a speech at the gathering of central bankers from around the world in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. "If the share of trade invoiced in a digital currency were to rise, shocks in the US would have less potent spillovers through exchange rates, and trade would become less synchronised across countries."
"The dollar's influence on global financial conditions could similarly decline if a fiancial architecture developed around the new digital currency and it displaced the dollar's dominance in credit markets. By reducing the influence of the US on the global financial cycle, this would help reduce the volatility of capital flows to emerging market economies."
The Chinese currency, the renminbi, has been cited as an alternative to the dollar along with proposed digital currencies such as Facebook's Libra. Carney said neither was in a position to take over from the dollar, but new technologies could allow for a global digital currency to challenge the US currency. Digital currencies have attracted the attention of British central banks in the past year as the prospect of mobile business and consumer transactions has become more popular. Earlier this year the Bank of England welcomed Facebook's Libra initiative. Bank officials said the initiative, which was backed by several banks, could be a useful addition to trading goods and services. In what appeared to be a warmer response to Libra, Carney said: "Retail transactions are taking place increasingly online rather than on the high street, and through electronic payments over cash.
A succession of central banks have criticised Libra, however, saying it lacks the rules and regulations to be a reliable currency. The European commission opened an anti-trust investigation into Libra earlier this week, saying it feared the private digital currency could could unfairly disadvantage rivals and be open to abuse. There are a host of fundamental problems that Libra must address, ranging from privacy to operational resilience. In addition, depending on its design, it could have substantial implications for both monetary and financial stability.
What is the problem of the US dollar being the world's reserve currency according to Mark Carney？
A
B
C
D
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答案：
解析：
：马克·卡尼认为美元作为全球储备货币的地位导致了一个问题，那就是储蓄过剩，这种过剩导致了10年的低通胀和超低利率。因此，他提出可以通过一种全球数字货币来替代美元，以解决这一问题。所以，根据文章内容，选项A“Overabundance of savings”是正确答案。
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