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单选题

A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of ( ) onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the ( ) onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)(请作答此空) embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)( ) embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)( )embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoflware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).

A
Service structures
B
Module structures
C
Deployment structures
D
Work assignment structures
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答案:

B

解析:

题目描述了系统架构的三个主要类别,它们分别对应于软件架构的不同方面。第一个空需要填写的是关于决策如何体现为一组代码或数据单元的,这符合模块结构(Module structures)的定义,即它们将决策体现为一组需要被构建或采购的代码或数据单元。因此,第一空应填“模块结构”。第二空描述的是决策如何体现系统结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素,这对应于构件连接器结构(如服务结构等),所以第二空应填“服务结构”。第三空描述的是决策关于系统如何关联到其环境中的非软件结构,这更像是部署结构(Deployment structures)的关注点,即系统如何在物理或逻辑上部署到其运行环境中。然而,根据题目提供的参考答案,这里似乎有一个不匹配的地方,因为参考答案只标出了第二空为B(模块结构),而没有为第一空和第三空提供选项。如果按照参考答案的表述,我们只能确定第二空是关于模块结构的描述,而第一空和第三空的选项则需要进一步的信息来确定。但根据题目描述和常规的系统架构概念,第一空可能也是关于某种结构的描述,而第三空则更广泛地关注系统与其环境的交互,可能涉及部署或某种更高级的结构概念。由于题目提供的信息不完整,这里只能根据常规理解给出解析。

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